②寒假预习-第06讲 必修三 Unit4 课文学习-知识点讲练（学生版）2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

第06讲新课学习必修第三册Unit4（课文学习&知识讲解）模块一思维导图串知识模块二基础知识全梳理模块三教材习题学解题模块四核心考点精准练模块五小试牛刀过关测1.VocabularyMasterwordslike"determined","launch"forspacetopic.2.SentencePatternsGrasp"make+obj.+obj.complement"and"notonly...butalso".3.GrammarUnderstandinfinitiveasattrib.&adverbialinspacecontext.4.CulturalAwarenessKnowspaceexploration'ssignificanceandchallenges.高频词汇1. determined（有决心的；意志坚定的）用法：常用于“bedeterminedtodosth.”结构，表示“决心做某事”。例句：Sheisdeterminedtobecomeafamoussinger.（她决心成为一名著名歌手。）拓展：其动词形式“determine”，有“查明；确定；决定”之意，如“determinetodosth.”（决定做某事），“determineonsth.”（决定某事）。例如：Hedeterminedtostudyharder.（他决定更加努力学习。）名词形式“determination”表示“决心；测定；决定”。2. launch（发射；发起；上市）用法：可作及物动词，如“launchasatellite”（发射卫星），“launchanewproduct”（推出新产品）；也可作名词，如“thelaunchofaspaceship”（一艘宇宙飞船的发射）。例句：Thecompanywilllaunchanewadvertisingcampaignnextmonth.（公司下个月将发起一场新的广告宣传活动。）拓展：相关短语“launchinto”表示“开始（做某事）；投入（某活动）”，例如：Helaunchedintoalongspeechabouthisplans.（他开始长篇大论地讲述他的计划。）3. disappointed（失望的；沮丧的）用法：常见搭配有“bedisappointedtodosth.”（对做某事感到失望），“bedisappointedat/bysth.”（对某事物感到失望），“bedisappointedwith/insb./sth.”（对某人/某事物感到失望），“bedisappointedthat...”（对……感到失望）。例句：IwasdisappointedtohearthatIdidn'tgetthejob.（听到我没有得到那份工作，我很失望。）拓展：动词“disappoint”表示“使失望”，形容词“disappointing”表示“令人失望的”，名词“disappointment”表示“失望”，如“toone'sdisappointment”（令某人失望的是）。例如：Themoviewasdisappointing.（这部电影令人失望。）4. desire（渴望；欲望；渴望；期望）用法：作名词时，有“a/thedesirefor...”（对……的渴望），“a/thedesiretodosth.”（对做某事的渴望）；作动词时，“desiretodosth.”（渴望做某事），“desiresb.todosth.”（渴望某人做某事）。例句：Hehasastrongdesireforknowledge.（他有强烈的求知欲。）Shedesirestotravelaroundtheworld.（她渴望环游世界。）拓展：形容词“desirable”表示“理想的，可取的”，例如：Itisdesirabletohaveagoodeducation.（有良好的教育是可取的。）5. carryon（继续做，坚持干）用法：可接名词或动词-ing形式，如“carryonaconversation”（继续交谈），“carryonworking”（继续工作）；也可用于“carryonwithsth.”结构，如“carryonwiththeproject”（继续这个项目）。例句：Despitethedifficulties,theycarriedonwiththeirresearch.（尽管困难重重，他们仍继续他们的研究。）拓展：其近义词组有“keepon”“goon”等，但“carryon”更强调坚持、持续做某事。例如：Keepontryingandyouwillsucceed.（继续努力，你会成功的。）6. independently（独立地；自立地）用法：副词，用于修饰动词，表示“独立地做某事”，如“thinkindependently”（独立思考），“actindependently”（独立行动）。例句：Thechildrenarelearningtodothingsindependently.（孩子们正在学习独立做事。）拓展：形容词“independent”表示“独立的；自主的；自立的；不相关的；不受影响的”，常见搭配有“beindependentfrom/of”（国家从……独立），“beindependentof”（不依赖……；不受……的影响；与……不相关）。名词“independence”表示“独立”，例如：Thecountrygaineditsindependencein1949.（这个国家在1949年获得独立。）7. signal（标志着；标明；发信号；示意；信号；标志）用法：作动词时，“signaltosb.”（向某人示意），“signal(to)sb.todosth.”（示意某人做某事），“sendoutasignal”（发出信号）；作名词时，“trafficsignals”（交通信号灯）等。例句：Theteachersignalledtothestudentstobequiet.（老师示意学生们安静。）Aredlightisasignaltostop.（红灯是停止的信号。）拓展：相关短语“signalout”表示“指出；使突出”，例如：Thereportsignalledoutthekeyproblems.（报告指出了关键问题。）8. soasto（为了；以便）用法：表目的，通常不置于句首，其否定形式是在to前加not，即“soasnottodo...”。例句：Hegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.（他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。）拓展：近义词组有“inorderto”“sothat”“inorderthat”等。“inorderto”在句中作目的状语，可置于句首或句末，置于句末时可与“soasto”互换；“inorderthat”“sothat”可引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can、may、could、might等，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，“inorderthat”“sothat”可以和“inorderto”“soasto”互换。例如：Hestudieshardinordertogetgoodgrades.=Hestudieshardsoastogetgoodgrades.=Hestudieshardinorderthathecangetgoodgrades.=Hestudieshardsothathecangetgoodgrades.（他努力学习为了取得好成绩。）9. lack（缺乏；短缺；没有；缺乏）用法：作名词时，“(a/the)lackof...”（缺少……），“forlackof”（由于缺少……）；作动词时，“lacksth.”（缺少某物）。例句：Theplantsdiedforlackofwater.（这些植物因缺水而死。）Helacksconfidence.（他缺乏信心。）拓展：形容词“lacking”表示“欠缺的；缺乏的”，常用搭配“belackingin”（缺乏……），例如：Thedietislackinginnutrition.（这种饮食缺乏营养。）10. figureout（弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白）用法：后接wh-/how...，表示“弄清楚/计算出……”，如“figureoutaproblem”（解决一个问题），“figureouthowtodosth.”（弄明白如何做某事）。例句：Ican'tfigureoutwhathemeans.（我不明白他的意思。）拓展：动词“figure”还有“计算；认为”之意，名词“figure”有“数字；人物；身材；雕像”等意思。相关短语有“breakout”（战争、灾难等爆发；突然开始），“bringout”（使显现；出版；生产），“giveout”（发出，放出热、光等；分发；用完；耗尽），“leaveout”（遗漏，不包括），“pickout”（精心挑选；辨别出），“turnout”（制造；生产；原来是；结果是）等。例如：Thewarbrokeoutin1939.（战争在1939年爆发。）11. argue（论证；争辩；争论）用法：“argue(withsb.)about/oversth.”（为某事物与某人争论/争吵），“argueagainst/for(doing)sth.”（陈述理由反对/支持做某事），“arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.”（说服某人做/不做某事），“arguethat...”（主张……）。例句：Theyarguedwitheachotheraboutthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.（他们就解决问题的最佳方法相互争论。）Hearguedfortheimportanceofeducation.（他论证了教育的重要性。）拓展：名词“argument”表示“争论；论点；论据”，常见搭配有“haveanargumentwithsb.about/oversth.”（就某事物与某人发生争吵），“getintoanargumentwith...”（和……争吵起来）。表示“说服/劝说某人做某事”的搭配还有“persuadesb.intodoingsth./todosth.”“talksb.intodoingsth.”“advisesb.todosth.”等。例如：Theyhadanargumentovermoney.（他们为钱争吵。）12. resultin（导致；造成）用法：后接结果，表示“导致……的结果”，如“resultinatrafficjam”（导致交通堵塞），“resultinfailure”（导致失败）。例句：Hiscarelessnessresultedintheaccident.（他的粗心导致了这次事故。）拓展：“resultfrom”表示“因……发生；随……产生”，例如：Hissuccessresultedfromhishardwork.（他的成功源于他的努力工作。）相关短语还有“asaresultof”（由于……），“asaresult”（结果）。表示“导致”的短语还有“bringabout”“leadto”“contributeto”等。例如：Theheavyraincausedaflood.=Theheavyrainbroughtaboutaflood.=Theheavyrainledtoaflood.=Theheavyraincontributedtoaflood.（大雨导致了洪水。）13. limited（有限的）用法：形容词，用于描述事物的有限性，如“limitedresources”（有限的资源），“alimitedtime”（有限的时间）。例句：Wehavelimitedspaceintheclassroom.（我们教室里的空间有限。）拓展：动词“limit”表示“限制；限定”，常见搭配“limit...to...”（把……限制在……内，被动语态belimitedto...），“setalimit”（设定限度），“thereisa/nolimitto...”（……是有限的/无限的）。形容词“unlimited”表示“尽量多的；任意多的；无限制的”，“limitless”表示“无限的”，名词“limitation”表示“限制；控制；局限”。例如：Thespeedislimitedto60kilometersperhour.（速度被限制在每小时60公里。）14. runout（用完；耗尽）用法：不及物动词短语，以物作主语，如“Timerunsout.”（时间用完了。）“Ourfoodisrunningout.”（我们的食物快吃完了。）例句：Thepetrolisrunningout.Weneedtofindagasstationsoon.（汽油快用完了。我们需要尽快找到一个加油站。）拓展：近义词组有“giveout”（表示“用完”时，用法与“runout”相同）；“runoutof”“useup”是及物动词短语，以人作主语，物作宾语，如“Wehaverunoutofpaper.”（我们的纸用完了。）“Heusedupallhismoney.”（他把所有的钱都花光了。）相关短语还有“runafter”（追逐；追求），“runacross”（偶然遇到），“runinto”（撞上；遇到困难等；碰到某人）等。例如：Heisrunningafterhisdream.（他在追求他的梦想。）15. attach（系；绑；贴；重视；缠着）用法：“attach...to...”（把……固定/附在……上），“attachimportance/significance/valuetosth.”（认为某物重要/有意义/有价值），“attachoneselftosb.”（和某人在一起，缠着某人）。例句：Attachthelabeltothebox.（把标签贴在盒子上。）Parentsattachgreatimportancetotheirchildren'seducation.（父母非常重视孩子的教育。）拓展：形容词“attached”表示“依恋；附属于”，常见搭配“beattachedto”（附属于……；依恋……），名词“attachment”表示“附属物；（电子邮件的）附件；喜欢”。例如：Iamveryattachedtomyhometown.（我非常依恋我的家乡。）重点句型1. make+宾语+宾语补足语构成：“make+sb./sth.+动词原形”，表示“让某人/某物做某事”，例如：TheteachermadethestudentsreadEnglishaloud.（老师让学生大声读英语。）“make+sb./sth.+过去分词”，表示“使某人/某物被……”，例如：Hemadehisvoiceheardinthenoisyroom.（他在嘈杂的房间里让别人听到了他的声音。）“make+sb./sth.+形容词”，表示“使某人/某物……”，例如：Thegoodnewsmadehimhappy.（这个好消息使他高兴。）“make+sb./sth.+名词”，表示“让某人/某物成为……”，例如：Wemadehimourmonitor.（我们选他当班长。）2. notonly...butalso...用法：用于连接两个并列的成分，意为“不但……而且……”，其中also有时可以省略。例如：Heisnotonlygoodatmathbut(also)goodatEnglish.（他不但擅长数学而且擅长英语。）注意事项：若连接两个分句且notonly位于句首时，notonly所在的分句要用部分倒装。例如：Notonlydoeshelikereading,buthealsolikeswriting.（他不但喜欢阅读，而且喜欢写作。）连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词与butalso后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesthissong.（不但学生而且老师都喜欢这首歌。）结构拓展：遵循“就近一致”原则的并列连词还有“either...or...”（不是……就是……），“not...but...”（不是……而是……），“neither...nor...”（既不……也不……）。例如：Eitheryouorhehastocleantheclassroom.（不是你就是他得打扫教室。）Notyoubutyourbrotheristoblame.（不是你而是你弟弟该受责备。）NeithermyparentsnorIaminterestedinthismovie.（我父母和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。）语法精讲1. 不定式作定语1) 位置规则：不定式作定语时，需放在被修饰词之后，用来对名词或代词进行修饰限定。比如：Ihavealotofworktodo.（我有很多工作要做。）“todo”修饰“work”，明确工作是需要去完成的，且动作尚未发生。2) 适用情况表示将来动作：常用于表示即将进行的动作，像“Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.”（明天要举行的会议非常重要。）“tobeheldtomorrow”修饰“meeting”，表明会议是明天将要举行的。中心词特性：当中心词被序数词（如thefirst、thesecond等）、形容词最高级（如thebest、themostbeautiful等）、thelast、theonly等修饰时，常接不定式作定语。例如“Heistheonlystudenttoanswerthequestioncorrectly.”（他是唯一正确回答问题的学生。）“toanswerthequestioncorrectly”修饰“theonlystudent”，强调其唯一性以及“回答问题正确”这个动作。抽象名词搭配：抽象名词如“ability”（能力）、“chance”（机会）、“desire”（渴望）、“plan”（计划）等，其后常用不定式作定语。例如“Shehastheabilitytosingbeautifully.”（她有唱歌好听的能力。）“tosingbeautifully”修饰“ability”，说明是唱歌好听的能力。不定代词后置：不定代词something、anything、nothing等后常接不定式作定语。例如“Isthereanythingtoeat?”（有什么吃的东西吗？）“toeat”修饰“anything”，表示可吃的东西。3) 注意细节不及物动词补充介词：若作定语的不定式是不及物动词，且与被修饰词存在地点、工具等关系时，要添加适当介词。例如“Heneedsapentowritewith.”（他需要一支笔来写字。）“write”是不及物动词，需加“with”与“pen”构成合理搭配，表示写字用的笔。主动与被动形式差异：当被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式主动和被动形式含义不同。如“Ihavealettertopost.”（我有一封信要寄。）这里“我”是寄信的执行者；而“Ihavealettertobeposted.”（我有一封信要（被）寄。）则不强调执行者，可能是别人帮忙寄或者其他情况。2. 不定式作状语1) 作目的状语位置与表达：可置于句首或句末，用于说明动作的目的。为强调目的，可用inorderto或soasto（但soasto不能置于句首）。例如“Togetgoodgrades,hestudieshardeveryday.”（为了取得好成绩，他每天努力学习。）“Togetgoodgrades”置于句首表示目的；也可写成“Hestudieshardeverydayinordertogetgoodgrades.”或“Hestudieshardeverydaysoastogetgoodgrades.”置于句末同样表示目的。逻辑关系：清晰表明主语实施谓语动作的目的，使句子逻辑更明确。例如“Shegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.”（她早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。）“catchthefirstbus”是“gotupearly”的目的。2) 作结果状语位置与结构：通常位于句末，常用在so...asto...、such...asto...、enoughto...、too...to...等结构中。例如“Heistootiredtowalkanyfurther.”（他太累了，走不动了。）“tootired”和“towalkanyfurther”构成结果关系，表示因为太累而不能再走。意外结果表达：有时不定式表示一种出乎意料的结果，可在前面加only。例如“Irushedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.”（我匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。）“onlytofind”表结果出乎意料。3) 作原因状语结构特征：主要用于“be+形容词+不定式”结构中，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。例如“Heishappytoseehisoldfriends.”（他很高兴见到他的老朋友。）“toseehisoldfriends”是“happy”的原因。常见形容词：常用于此结构的形容词有glad（高兴的）、sorry（抱歉的）、surprised（惊讶的）等。例“I'msorrytohearthatyouareill.”（听说你病了，我很难过。）“tohearthatyouareill”是“sorry”的原因。(2019人教版英语必修三第42、80、81页改编)Lookatthefollowingsentences,marktheinfinitivesandtelltheirfunctionsandmeanings.1.Theastronautshadmanytaskstodoinspaceaspartoftheirmission.( )2.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.()3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday. ()4.Theshuttlelookslikeanordinaryplanebutithasacargobay(货仓)thatislargeenoughtoholdasatellite.()5.TheInternationalSpaceStationwastoobigtobuildonEarth.( )6.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.()核心考点1：determined1. Sheisavery______(determine)girlandshenevergivesupeasily.2. ______(determine)tosucceed,heworkeddayandnight.3. Hemadea______(determine)efforttoimprovehisEnglish.核心考点2：launch1. Thecompany______(launch)anewproductnextmonth.2. The______(launch)ofthenewsatellitewasagreatsuccess.3. Theyareplanning______(launch)acampaigntoraiseawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.核心考点3：disappointed1. Iwasvery______(disappoint)whenIheardthebadnews.2. Shelooked______(disappoint)becauseshedidn'tgetthejobshewanted.3. Tomygreat______(disappoint),hedidn'tkeephispromise.核心考点4：desire1. Hehasastrong______(desire)tobecomeafamousscientist.2. She______(desire)togoabroadforfurtherstudy.3. Thelittleboy'sdesire______knowledgeisverystrong.核心考点5：carryon1. Weshouldcarry______withourplandespitethedifficulties.2. Afterashortbreak,they______(carry)onworking.3. Thedoctortoldhim______(carry)ontakingthemedicineforanotherweek.核心考点6：signal1. Thepoliceman______(signal)tothedrivertostop.2. Aredlightisusuallya______(signal)fordanger.3. They______(signal)thattheyneededhelpbywavingtheirhands.核心考点7：attach1. Please______(attach)yourphotototheapplicationform.2. She______(attaches/attached)greatimportancetoeducation.3. Thedocumenthasan______(attach)thatyouneedtoreadcarefully.核心考点8：make+宾语+宾语补足语1. Theteachermadethestudents______(stand)inaline.2. Hisjokemadeusall______(laugh)loudly.3. Thebossmadetheworkers______(work)overtime.核心考点9：notonly...butalso...1. Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfather______(like)watchingcartoons.2. Shecannotonly______(speak)Englishbutalso______(write)Englisharticles.3. Notonlydoeshestudyhard,_______healsohelpsotherswiththeirstudies.核心考点10：不定式作定语1. Ihavealotofclothes______(wash).2. Thebestway______(solve)theproblemistoaskforhelp.3. Doyouhaveanything______(say)foryourself?核心考点11：不定式作状语1. Shegotupearly______(catch)thefirstbus.2. Heranallthewaytothestationonly______(find)thetrainhadleft.3. I'mglad______(see)youagain.一、单句语法填空题1. Theastronautwas______(determine)tocompletethespacemissionsuccessfully.2. Thespaceagencyisplanning______(launch)anewsatellitenextyear.3. Shewasvery______(disappoint)whenshelearnedthatthespacewalkwascancelled.4. Thescientistshave______strongdesiretoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverse.5. Thespacecraftis______(attach)tothespacestationforfurtherresearch.6. Notonlytheastronautsbutalsothegroundcrew______(work)hardtoensurethemission'ssuccess.7. ThediscoveryofwateronMarsmadeitpossibleforhumans______(live)thereinthefuture.8. Hishardwork______(make)himbecomeasuccessfulspacescientist.9. Thefirstperson______(reach)themoonwasNeilArmstrong.10. Theylaunchedtherocketinorder______(collect)dataaboutthesolarsystem.11. Thespaceshipistoodamaged______(repair).12. Ihavesomethingimportant______(tell)youaboutthespaceproject.13. Themissionisdifficultenough______(require)carefulplanning.14. Differentcountrieshavedifferent______(approach)tospaceexploration.15. Thesuccessofspacemissionsoftenbringsasenseof______(nation)pridetoacountry.二、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项WhattimeitisvariesdependingonwhichofEarth’stimezonesyouarein.Butwhatifyouaren’tanywhereonEarth?ScientistsfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA),agroupdevotedtoexploringtheuniverse,arearguingthattheMoonshouldhaveitsowntimezonetoo.Atthemoment,missionstoorinvolvingtheMoonusethetimezoneofthecountrythatisoperatingthespacecraft.ESAarguesthataspecifictimezonefortheMoonwouldmakeiteasierforspaceagenciesfromaroundtheworldtoworktogether.OncemissionsmakeittotheMoon,havingthesametimezonewouldmakeitsimplerforastronautstocommunicateandtravelacrossitssurface.Settingupalunar(月球的)timezoneisnoteasy.Gravityaffectshowquicklyorslowlytimepasses.SincegravityisweakerontheMoonthanitisonEarth,after24hours,alunarclockwouldbe56microsecondsaheadofaclockonEarth.AnotherpointtoconsideristhatafulldayonEarthismeasuredbythelengthoftimebetweentwosunsets,about24hours.OntheMoon,thetimebetweentwosunsetsisnearly709hours,whichisabout29.5Earthdays.Thismeansthatlunarnightscanbearoundtwoweekslong,withonlytheEarthandthestars,nosun,inthesky.Withallthistothinkabout,scientistsneedtodecidewhetheritwouldbebettertofollowatimezoneonEarth.orfortheMoontohaveitsownuniquezone.whichwouldhavemuchlongerdays.NASAisplanningtolandhumansontheMoonin2025withisArtemisMission.TherearealsootherunmannedmissionstotheMoonplannedforlaterthisyear.BernhardHufenbachfromESAsaidthatifaworkingtimesystemfortheMoonwouldbeestablished.ESAcouldthenperhapsmakeotherplanetsinthesolarsystemgetreadyforstage.1．WhatwouldhappenifatimezoneissetupontheMoon?A．MissionstoorinvolvingtheMoonwouldbespedup.B．Timespentonrocketlaunchingwouldbecomeshorter.C．CooperationamongastronautsontheMoonwouldbeeasier.D．Spacecraftoperationamongcountrieswouldbecomesimpler.2．WhyisitdifficulttosetupatimezoneontheMoon?A．ClocksrunslightlyslowerontheMoon.B．Lunarnightslastnearlyone-monthlong.C．NosuncanbeseenintheskyontheMoon.D．Afulldayofthelunartimeismuchtoolong.3．WhatwouldESAdointhefutureaccordingtoBernhard?A．Itwouldsetupworkingtimesystemsonotherplanets.B．Itwouldworkwithothercountriestoexplorethespace.C．Itwouldsendmoreastronautstoplanetsinthesolarsystem.D．ItwouldhelpNASAwithotherunmannedmissionstotheMoon.4．Inwhichpartofanewspaperwillyouprobablyfindthearticle?A．Well-being B．Aroundtheworld C．Bignewsoftoday D．Scienceandtechnology根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白位置的最佳选项HowiseatinginspacedifferentfromeatingonEarth?Ifyousendastronautsintospace,youhavetosendalongfoodaswell.Butwhatdoastronautseat,andhowdotheyeatit?Scientiststakeseveralfactorsintoconsiderationastheyplanmealsforspace.First,andpossiblymostimportant,isnutrition(营养).SEQa1Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.SEQa2Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisdistasteful,thentheastronautsmayavoideatingit.Ifyou’veevertriedtoconcentrateonsomethingimportantwhileyourstomachdoesn’tfeelwell,you’llknowwhythescientistsinchargeofaspacemissionwanttheirastronautstoeatregularly.Thelackofgravityinaspacecraftalsodetermineswhatfoodscanorcannotbeeateninspace.Mealsmustbepackagedcarefullysotheywon’tspill(洒落/溢出)intothecabin(oneoftheareasinsideaspacecraft).Waterortinybitsoffoodcouldgetinsideamachineorelectronicdeviceanddamageit.SEQa3Alooseknifebouncing(弹起)aroundinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.SEQa4Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecalculated(计算)inordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.SEQa5Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(使脱水).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealandwarmitup.Despitealltheserequirements,muchofthefoodeateninspaceisactuallysimilartowhatyoumighteatonanygivenday.A．Believeitornot,theyalsohavefreshfruitsandvegetables.B．Keepingastronauts’physicalhealthisatoptaskforanyspacemission.C．Foodpackagingismadetobeaslightaspossible.D．Tasteisalsoimportant.E．Forthesamereason,sharpknivesandfolksareneverusedonboard.F．Nutritionandpracticality(实用)areimportantthingstoconsider.G．Finally,weightisanimportantconcern.SEQbSEQbSEQbSEQbSEQbSEQcSEQcSEQcSEQcSEQc三、完形填空Itiswell-knownthatChinahasmadeclearplanstosendastronautstolandontheMoonbefore2030andissteadilySEQd1.However,Chinahasdonemanythingsbesidesthat.ManycountriesareinterestedinMars(火星).Sofar,about50MarsmissionshavebeenSEQd2globally.ButnearlyhalfofthemhaveSEQd3togetthere.TheSEQd4aboutfailurewentwithTianwen1,China’sfirstMarsexploringprobe,whichwaslaunchedonJuly23,2020.Afteraround10monthsoftravelling,thecraftlandedSEQd5onthesurfaceoftheplanetonMay15,2021.ThegoodnewsthatwemadeSEQd6metwithbothreliefandcelebrationinthecountryandtheconcerndisappeared.ThesuccessmarksthatChinahasbecomeoneoftheleadingSEQd7ofouterspace.ItalsorevealsthatChinahasgotbreakthroughs(突破)inthedevelopmentofspaceexplorationtechnologiesastheyareallentirelydevelopedSEQd8.WhycanChinadothiswithoutanyoutsidehelp?Itisthecan-dospirit.TheChinesepeopleusewisdomandcouragetoSEQd9allthedifficulties.Intheearly1960s,whenthecountrySEQd10apoorandbackwardcountry,thegovernmentdecidedtoSEQd11rocketandspacetechnologies:Withthecorrectdirectionandcontinuousefforts,wegettowherewearetodaystepSEQd12step.OnApril29,2021,ChinasentTianheCoreModule(天和核心舱)intospace,SEQd13theconstructionofChina’sspacestation.Twoweeksago,threeastronautstookShenzhou-17tothestationandbegantheir6monthsofworkingandlivingthere.ChinahasbeendevotedtothepeacefuluseofouterspaceandhasmademanySEQd14toit.Insomeofthespacemissions,ChinawelcomestheSEQd15whohavethesamebelief.Let’sexpectwhatChinawillachieveinthefuture!SEQe1．A．puttingoff B．slowingdown C．pushingforward D．steppingbackSEQe2．A．carriedout B．carriedaway C．carriedoff D．carriedonSEQe3．A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．attemptedSEQe4．A．loss B．concern C．awareness D．ignoranceSEQe5．A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfullySEQe6．A．it B．that C．which D．oneSEQe7．A．applicants B．officials C．explorers D．judgesSEQe8．A．independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunatelySEQe9．A．getback B．getover C．getalong D．getupSEQe10．A．measured B．accounted C．remained D．attractedSEQe11．A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．developSEQe12．A．on B．in C．by D．aboutSEQe13．A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cuttingSEQe14．A．advances B．contributions C．mistakes D．effortsSEQe15．A．partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemiesSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQfSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQgSEQg四、语法填空语法填空Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutspaceexploration.SomepeoplethinkSEQh1(explore)spaceisawasteoftimeandmoneySEQh2othersfeelthisisashallowviewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspaceisSEQh3(help)tous.Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadeaSEQh4(different)inthefightagainstworldhunger.ScientistsusethedataSEQh5(collect)bysatellitestoprovideusefulrecommendationsandadviceSEQh6farmers.Secondly,spaceexplorationhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementsthatarebeneficialtous.SEQh7(final),sendingastronautsintospacehashelpedpeopletothinkabouttheworld’sproblemsandeventofindwaysSEQh8(solve)them.InSEQh9word,thespaceexplorationprovidestheworldwithvariousbenefits.Therefore,itshouldcontinuesoastoprovidenewandSEQh10(good)solutionstopeople’sshort-termandlong-termproblems.SEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQiSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQjSEQj五、书面表达阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thequilt(被子)tookalotoftime.Butthemessagesonitweremeaningful.WhenIstartedmycurrentproject,Iwokeupeverydaywithnewideasandfreshenthusiasm.IreallybelievedintheimportanceofwhatIwantedtocreate,andIhadmyhusband,Claudio,tocheermeon.Butthen,thingshadgottenhard.Iinjuredmyshoulderandmyrecoverywasslow.Inthemiddleofit,IlostClaudiotocancer.Iwasdiscouraged,lonely,andwithoutClaudio’scomfort.Facingdownthehalffinishedquiltinmysewingroomonemorningsoonafterhisdeath,Icouldhardlygathertheenergytosewit.Thequiltwasmeanttobeawaytokeepmyoldnursingclasstogether.We’dgraduatedfromMercyCollegeover40yearsbeforeandquicklyworkedall