【《金属-有机聚合物催化材料研究进展文献综述》3100字】

金属-有机聚合物催化材料研究进展文献综述传统金属-有机聚合物用作电催化反应时，需要经过高温热解，得到衍生碳材料具有良好的导电性，可用作电催化反应。但是高温热解后的材料结构和组成不明确，难以实现材料结构的精准构筑，给催化反应机理的研究带来挑战。所以合成可直接用于电催化反应的金属-有机聚合物材料，研究工作者做了不同尝试，也得到了很多成果，目前最常用的方法主要有：将金属-有机聚合物与碳材料复合、电沉积合成超薄金属-有机聚合物材料、选择具有多电子的金属团簇具有共轭结构的配体合成PMOF，对传统金属-有机聚合物改性使其导电等。目前，通过材料与导电载体的复合，实现材料整体导电，材料载体一般为碳黑，碳纳米管，石墨烯、氧化石墨烯（GO）等物质，利用碳基的接受电子的能力，以及聚合物的供电子能力，实现电子在有机聚合物和碳载体之间的传输，从而实现材料导电。材料与导电载体有两种结合方式，机械复合和原位生长，两者之间的区别在于，碳载体加入的次序。机械复合，指在材料合成之后，将材料与碳基一起进行机械研磨，或者通过超声等方式进行复合。原位生长指在材料的合成过程中加入碳载体，通过控制合成过程中条件，实现材料在碳材料表面的生长，从而实现材料整体的导电，可直接用作氧还原催化剂。该方法避免了碳化过程中结构的坍塌，以及活性组分的流失。在2019年，向中华团队ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Peng</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>65</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[63]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615998990">65</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Peng,Peng</author><author>Shi,Lei</author><author>Huo,Feng</author><author>Mi,Chunxia</author><author>Wu,Xiaohong</author><author>Zhang,Suojiang</author><author>Xiang,Zhonghua</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Apyrolysis-freepathtowardsuperiorlycatalyticnitrogen-coordinatedsingleatom</title><secondary-title>ScienceAdvances</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScienceAdvances</full-title></periodical><pages>eaaw2322</pages><volume>5</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/5/8/eaaw2322.abstract</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1126/sciadv.aaw2322</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[63]发表了一篇文章，采用机械研磨的方法，将合成铁酞氰聚合物与石墨烯一起研磨，实现铁酞氰在石墨烯上表面的均匀生长，通过铁酞氰与石墨烯的物理结合，实现两者电子云的重叠，提高整体的导电性能，合成了一种氮掺杂单原子催化剂，具有良好的氧还原(ORR)催化性能，在0.1MKOH溶液中，半波电位高达880-910mV，优于Pt/C氧还原半波电位性能，860mVvsRHE，Tafel斜率仅为31.7mV/dec，并且在锌-空气电池的应用上，表现出优异的功率密度123.43mW·cm−2，而商业Pt/C在同样条件下功率密度为113.81mW·cm−2，在电流密度为100mA·cm-2时，比容量为732

mAh/gZn，良好的稳定性，300循环后，性能只衰减0.1%。材料结构和性能如图1-4所示。通过该方法合成的材料，避免了碳化过程中金属团聚等问题，分子结构明确，使得催化反应过程中机理更加清晰。图1-4：材料结构及氧还原催化性能ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Peng</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>65</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[63]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615998990">65</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Peng,Peng</author><author>Shi,Lei</author><author>Huo,Feng</author><author>Mi,Chunxia</author><author>Wu,Xiaohong</author><author>Zhang,Suojiang</author><author>Xiang,Zhonghua</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Apyrolysis-freepathtowardsuperiorlycatalyticnitrogen-coordinatedsingleatom</title><secondary-title>ScienceAdvances</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScienceAdvances</full-title></periodical><pages>eaaw2322</pages><volume>5</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/5/8/eaaw2322.abstract</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1126/sciadv.aaw2322</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[63]Figure1-4.MaterialstructureandoxygenreductioncatalyticperformanceADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Peng</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>65</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[63]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615998990">65</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Peng,Peng</author><author>Shi,Lei</author><author>Huo,Feng</author><author>Mi,Chunxia</author><author>Wu,Xiaohong</author><author>Zhang,Suojiang</author><author>Xiang,Zhonghua</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Apyrolysis-freepathtowardsuperiorlycatalyticnitrogen-coordinatedsingleatom</title><secondary-title>ScienceAdvances</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScienceAdvances</full-title></periodical><pages>eaaw2322</pages><volume>5</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/5/8/eaaw2322.abstract</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1126/sciadv.aaw2322</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[63]2018年，D.M团队ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Micheroni</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>63</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[61]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615998759">63</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Micheroni,Daniel</author><author>Lan,Guangxu</author><author>Lin,Wenbin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EfficientElectrocatalyticProtonReductionwithCarbonNanotube-SupportedMetal–OrganicFrameworks</title><secondary-title>JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety</full-title></periodical><pages>15591-15595</pages><volume>140</volume><number>46</number><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>2018/11/21</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>AmericanChemicalSociety</publisher><isbn>0002-7863</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1021/jacs.8b09521</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/jacs.8b09521</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[61]在碳纳米管上生长卟啉金属MOFs材料，提高了电子在碳纳米管和卟啉之间传导的能力，使得材料导电性能良好，可直接应用于电催化反应。龙晓静ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Long</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>64</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[62]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615998817">64</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Long,Xiaojing</author><author>Li,Daohao</author><author>Wang,Binbin</author><author>Jiang,Zhenjie</author><author>Xu,Wenjia</author><author>Wang,Bingbing</author><author>Yang,Dongjiang</author><author>Xia,Yanzhi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>HeterocyclizationStrategyforConstructionofLinearConjugatedPolymers:EfficientMetal-FreeElectrocatalystsforOxygenReduction</title><secondary-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</full-title></periodical><pages>11369-11373</pages><volume>58</volume><number>33</number><keywords><keyword>electrocatalysis</keyword><keyword>graphene</keyword><keyword>heterocycles</keyword><keyword>linearconjugatedpolymer</keyword><keyword>oxygenreductionreaction</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/08/12</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>1433-7851</isbn><work-type>/10.1002/anie.201905468</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/anie.201905468</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1002/anie.201905468</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2021/03/17</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[62]等研究人员，在还原石墨烯上聚合不同的单体，生成线性聚合物，在这些聚合物中，吡啶和噻吩分子与氧化石墨烯共价连接形成的材料（P-T）具有显著的氧还原催化性能，在0.1MKOH溶液中，半波电位为0.79V（vsRHE），优异的电化学稳定性。如图1-5所示。图1-5：材料结构与催化性能ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Long</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>64</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[62]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615998817">64</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Long,Xiaojing</author><author>Li,Daohao</author><author>Wang,Binbin</author><author>Jiang,Zhenjie</author><author>Xu,Wenjia</author><author>Wang,Bingbing</author><author>Yang,Dongjiang</author><author>Xia,Yanzhi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>HeterocyclizationStrategyforConstructionofLinearConjugatedPolymers:EfficientMetal-FreeElectrocatalystsforOxygenReduction</title><secondary-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</full-title></periodical><pages>11369-11373</pages><volume>58</volume><number>33</number><keywords><keyword>electrocatalysis</keyword><keyword>graphene</keyword><keyword>heterocycles</keyword><keyword>linearconjugatedpolymer</keyword><keyword>oxygenreductionreaction</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/08/12</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>1433-7851</isbn><work-type>/10.1002/anie.201905468</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/anie.201905468</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1002/anie.201905468</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2021/03/17</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[62]Figure1-5.MaterialstructureandcatalyticperformanceADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Long</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>64</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[62]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615998817">64</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Long,Xiaojing</author><author>Li,Daohao</author><author>Wang,Binbin</author><author>Jiang,Zhenjie</author><author>Xu,Wenjia</author><author>Wang,Bingbing</author><author>Yang,Dongjiang</author><author>Xia,Yanzhi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>HeterocyclizationStrategyforConstructionofLinearConjugatedPolymers:EfficientMetal-FreeElectrocatalystsforOxygenReduction</title><secondary-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AngewandteChemieInternationalEdition</full-title></periodical><pages>11369-11373</pages><volume>58</volume><number>33</number><keywords><keyword>electrocatalysis</keyword><keyword>graphene</keyword><keyword>heterocycles</keyword><keyword>linearconjugatedpolymer</keyword><keyword>oxygenreductionreaction</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>2019/08/12</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd</publisher><isbn>1433-7851</isbn><work-type>/10.1002/anie.201905468</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1002/anie.201905468</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1002/anie.201905468</electronic-resource-num><access-date>2021/03/17</access-date></record></Cite></EndNote>[62]JosephT.Hupp团队ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Goswami</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>113</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[59]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>113</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1616076105">113</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goswami,Subhadip</author><author>Ray,Debmalya</author><author>Otake,Ken-ichi</author><author>Kung,Chung-Wei</author><author>Garibay,SergioJ.</author><author>Islamoglu,Timur</author><author>Atilgan,Ahmet</author><author>Cui,Yuexing</author><author>Cramer,ChristopherJ.</author><author>Farha,OmarK.</author><author>Hupp,JosephT.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Aporous,electricallyconductivehexa-zirconium(iv)metal–organicframework</title><secondary-title>ChemicalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>4477-4482</pages><volume>9</volume><number>19</number><dates><year>2018</year></dates><publisher>TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry</publisher><isbn>2041-6520</isbn><work-type>10.1039/C8SC00961A</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1039/C8SC00961A</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/C8SC00961A</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[59]，将MOFs材料与C60组装，使C60球状体嵌入到金属有机框架内，通过金属框架与C60之间形成供-受电子之间的关系，使材料达到整体导电的目标，实验表明C60填充了MOFs材料60%的孔穴结构，使不能导电的MOFs材料，导电率增加到10−3S·cm−1。材料结构如图1-6所示。图1-6：材料结构ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Goswami</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>113</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[59]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>113</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1616076105">113</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goswami,Subhadip</author><author>Ray,Debmalya</author><author>Otake,Ken-ichi</author><author>Kung,Chung-Wei</author><author>Garibay,SergioJ.</author><author>Islamoglu,Timur</author><author>Atilgan,Ahmet</author><author>Cui,Yuexing</author><author>Cramer,ChristopherJ.</author><author>Farha,OmarK.</author><author>Hupp,JosephT.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Aporous,electricallyconductivehexa-zirconium(iv)metal–organicframework</title><secondary-title>ChemicalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>4477-4482</pages><volume>9</volume><number>19</number><dates><year>2018</year></dates><publisher>TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry</publisher><isbn>2041-6520</isbn><work-type>10.1039/C8SC00961A</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1039/C8SC00961A</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/C8SC00961A</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[59]Figure1-6.MaterialstructureADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Goswami</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>113</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[59]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>113</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1616076105">113</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goswami,Subhadip</author><author>Ray,Debmalya</author><author>Otake,Ken-ichi</author><author>Kung,Chung-Wei</author><author>Garibay,SergioJ.</author><author>Islamoglu,Timur</author><author>Atilgan,Ahmet</author><author>Cui,Yuexing</author><author>Cramer,ChristopherJ.</author><author>Farha,OmarK.</author><author>Hupp,JosephT.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Aporous,electricallyconductivehexa-zirconium(iv)metal–organicframework</title><secondary-title>ChemicalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemicalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>4477-4482</pages><volume>9</volume><number>19</number><dates><year>2018</year></dates><publisher>TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry</publisher><isbn>2041-6520</isbn><work-type>10.1039/C8SC00961A</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1039/C8SC00961A</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/C8SC00961A</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[59]人们还采用电聚合的方法，在电极表面形成理想的MOFs材料，可以控制电压、溶剂、表面活性剂、温度等因素，从而控制合成材料的厚度，材料越薄，电子传输路径越短，越容易实现材料的导电，并且材料表面更多的活性位点暴露出来，可以提高材料的催化活性ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[69-71]，合成示意图如图1-7。赵申龙等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhao</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>76</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>76</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615999998">76</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhao,Shenlong</author><author>Wang,Yun</author><author>Dong,Juncai</author><author>He,Chun-Ting</author><author>Yin,Huajie</author><author>An,Pengfei</author><author>Zhao,Kun</author><author>Zhang,Xiaofei</author><author>Gao,Chao</author><author>Zhang,Lijuan</author><author>Lv,Jiawei</author><author>Wang,Jinxin</author><author>Zhang,Jianqi</author><author>Khattak,AbdulMuqsit</author><author>Khan,NiazAli</author><author>Wei,Zhixiang</author><author>Zhang,Jing</author><author>Liu,Shaoqin</author><author>Zhao,Huijun</author><author>Tang,Zhiyong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ultrathinmetal–organicframeworknanosheetsforelectrocatalyticoxygenevolution</title><secondary-title>NatureEnergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureEnergy</full-title></periodical><pages>16184</pages><volume>1</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/11/28</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2058-7546</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/nenergy.2016.184</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nenergy.2016.184</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[72]通过电聚合的方法，在玻碳电极和铜片上合成超薄的Ni-Co双金属MOFs催化剂，具有很好的导电性，在碱性条件下，该材料表现出很好的氧析出催化性能，使用玻璃碳电极上做载体，在其上合成的超薄镍双金属-有机骨架纳米片，需要250mV的过电位达到10mA·cm-2的电流密度。当MOF纳米片沉积到泡沫铜上时，过电位降至189mV。分子结构如图1-8所示。电聚合过程中，对合成条件要求比较苛刻，材料合成过程中，厚度难以控制。图1-7：电聚合方法示意图ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>daSilva</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>112</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>112</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1616067236">112</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>daSilva,GilvaldoG.</author><author>Silva,CecíliaS.</author><author>Ribeiro,RogérioT.</author><author>Ronconi,CéliaM.</author><author>Barros,BráulioS.</author><author>Neves,JorgeL.</author><author>Júnior,SeverinoAlves</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Sonoelectrochemicalsynthesisofmetal-organicframeworks</title><secondary-title>SyntheticMetals</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SyntheticMetals</full-title></periodical><pages>369-373</pages><volume>220</volume><keywords><keyword>HKUST-1</keyword><keyword>Cu-BTC</keyword><keyword>Sonoelectrochemical</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/10/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0379-6779</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0379677916302272</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.07.003</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[73]Figure1-7.SchematicdiagramofelectropolymerizationmethodADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>daSilva</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>112</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>112</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1616067236">112</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>daSilva,GilvaldoG.</author><author>Silva,CecíliaS.</author><author>Ribeiro,RogérioT.</author><author>Ronconi,CéliaM.</author><author>Barros,BráulioS.</author><author>Neves,JorgeL.</author><author>Júnior,SeverinoAlves</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Sonoelectrochemicalsynthesisofmetal-organicframeworks</title><secondary-title>SyntheticMetals</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SyntheticMetals</full-title></periodical><pages>369-373</pages><volume>220</volume><keywords><keyword>HKUST-1</keyword><keyword>Cu-BTC</keyword><keyword>Sonoelectrochemical</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/10/01/</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0379-6779</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/science/article/pii/S0379677916302272</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>/10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.07.003</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[73]图1-8：材料结构与催化性能ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhao</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>76</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>76</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615999998">76</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhao,Shenlong</author><author>Wang,Yun</author><author>Dong,Juncai</author><author>He,Chun-Ting</author><author>Yin,Huajie</author><author>An,Pengfei</author><author>Zhao,Kun</author><author>Zhang,Xiaofei</author><author>Gao,Chao</author><author>Zhang,Lijuan</author><author>Lv,Jiawei</author><author>Wang,Jinxin</author><author>Zhang,Jianqi</author><author>Khattak,AbdulMuqsit</author><author>Khan,NiazAli</author><author>Wei,Zhixiang</author><author>Zhang,Jing</author><author>Liu,Shaoqin</author><author>Zhao,Huijun</author><author>Tang,Zhiyong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ultrathinmetal–organicframeworknanosheetsforelectrocatalyticoxygenevolution</title><secondary-title>NatureEnergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureEnergy</full-title></periodical><pages>16184</pages><volume>1</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/11/28</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2058-7546</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/nenergy.2016.184</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nenergy.2016.184</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[72]Figure1-8.MaterialstructureandcatalyticperformanceADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhao</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>76</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>76</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615999998">76</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhao,Shenlong</author><author>Wang,Yun</author><author>Dong,Juncai</author><author>He,Chun-Ting</author><author>Yin,Huajie</author><author>An,Pengfei</author><author>Zhao,Kun</author><author>Zhang,Xiaofei</author><author>Gao,Chao</author><author>Zhang,Lijuan</author><author>Lv,Jiawei</author><author>Wang,Jinxin</author><author>Zhang,Jianqi</author><author>Khattak,AbdulMuqsit</author><author>Khan,NiazAli</author><author>Wei,Zhixiang</author><author>Zhang,Jing</author><author>Liu,Shaoqin</author><author>Zhao,Huijun</author><author>Tang,Zhiyong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ultrathinmetal–organicframeworknanosheetsforelectrocatalyticoxygenevolution</title><secondary-title>NatureEnergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureEnergy</full-title></periodical><pages>16184</pages><volume>1</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>2016/11/28</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2058-7546</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/nenergy.2016.184</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nenergy.2016.184</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[72]研究人员会通过配体和金属节点的选择设计，合成具有导电能力的聚合物，其中多金属氧酸盐金属有机框架（PMOF）是一类导电聚合物，通过选择多电子的金属氧酸根团簇作为节点，选择合适的配体，形成规整的有序的多孔结构，金属氧酸根团簇作为电子供体，配体作为电子受体，实现材料内电子的传输，实现材料的导电。2018年，王毅荣ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>70</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[58]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615999381">70</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wang,Yi-Rong</author><author>Huang,Qing</author><author>He,Chun-Ting</author><author>Chen,Yifa</author><author>Liu,Jiang</author><author>Shen,Feng-Cui</author><author>Lan,Ya-Qian</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Orientedelectrontransmissioninpolyoxometalate-metalloporphyrinorganicframeworkforhighlyselectiveelectroreductionofCO2</title><secondary-title>NatureCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>4466</pages><volume>9</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>2018/10/26</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2041-1723</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/s41467-018-06938-z</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/s41467-018-06938-z</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[58]等将金属多氧酸根团簇与卟啉合成规整有序的金属多氧酸根团簇-卟啉框架，具有良好的导电能力，对CO2的还原具有很好的选择催化作用。目前这类材料的研究已经有很多的成果，有很大的应用前景，材料结构和性能如图1-9所示。图1-9：材料结构与催化性能ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>70</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[58]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615999381">70</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wang,Yi-Rong</author><author>Huang,Qing</author><author>He,Chun-Ting</author><author>Chen,Yifa</author><author>Liu,Jiang</author><author>Shen,Feng-Cui</author><author>Lan,Ya-Qian</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Orientedelectrontransmissioninpolyoxometalate-metalloporphyrinorganicframeworkforhighlyselectiveelectroreductionofCO2</title><secondary-title>NatureCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>4466</pages><volume>9</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>2018/10/26</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2041-1723</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/s41467-018-06938-z</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/s41467-018-06938-z</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[58]Figure1-9.MaterialstructureandcatalyticperformanceADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>70</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[58]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="xwr2asv2pdp5vdevpt5ptax9watwrtspeex0"timestamp="1615999381">70</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wang,Yi-Rong</author><author>Huang,Qing</author><author>He,Chun-Ting</author><author>Chen,Yifa</author><author>Liu,Jiang</author><author>Shen,Feng-Cui</author><author>Lan,Ya-Qian</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Orientedelectrontransmissioninpolyoxometalate-metalloporphyrinorganicframeworkforhighlyselectiveelectroreductionofCO2</title><secondary-title>NatureCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>4466</pages><volume>9</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>2018/10/26</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2041-1723</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/10.1038/s41467-018-06938-z</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/s41467-018-06938-z</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[58]同时也有研究者通过对一些常规材料进行改进，使原本不能导电或者导电性很差，需要高温碳化才能用作电催化材料，能够不用高温碳化而具有良好的催化性能。2014年，Talin等人