高考题型分组优化(四)阅读理解提能练

高考题型强化练高考题型分组优化(四)阅读理解提能练(40分钟37.5分)阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)A(2025·三晋名校模拟)World’sGoodPlacestoVisitBoraBoraThisFrenchPolynesianislandmaynotbelargeinsize,butitmakesupfortropicalbeauty.Hereyouwillfindcharmingbeaches,greenjunglesandluxuryresortsonthesurroundingislands.Theisland’sextinctvolcano,MountOtemanu,isagreatchoicefortakingphotosorhiking.AlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’sworththemoney.GlacierNationalParkSnow-cappedpeaks,alpinemeadows(高山草甸)andbluelakesarejustafewreasonswhyGlacierNationalParkisoneofAmerica’smostremarkableparks.Inwinter,youcanenjoysnowshoeingandskiing,while,duringthesummer,vacationerscangowhitewaterraftingonFlatheadRiverandotherpopularactivities.Forthosewho’dratheradmiretheirsurroundingsfromtheircars,ascenicdrivealongGoing-to-the-SunRoadcan’tbemissed.SwissAlpsSnow-cappedmountains,charmingtownsandflower-filledmeadowsmaketheSwissAlpsayear-roundfairytaledestination.Inwinter,youcanvisitworld-classskiresortssuchasexclusiveSt.MoritzandcharmingZermatt,choosetohikethroughthegreenvalleysoftheSwissNationalParkduringthewarmermonthsorattendthelivelyfestivalinthefoothillcityofMontreux.MauiWhetheryou’redrivingalongtheRoadtoHana,enjoyingabird’s-eyeviewofMaui’slushcoastlinefromahelicopter,snorkeling(潜水)withseaturtlesorsimplyrelaxingonwhiteorblacksandbeaches,you’llfindthatthisHawaiianislandisunlikeanyothertropicaldestination.Don’tmissachancetovisitHaleakalaNationalPark,whichishometooneoftheworld’slargestdormantvolcaniccratersandboastsfantasticsunrises.【语篇属性】语篇类型应用文主题语境人与自然(旅游景点)语篇内容主要介绍世界上四个值得旅游的好地方。语篇结构Para.1BoraBora:AsmallFrenchPolynesianislandofferingtropicalbeauty.Para.2GlacierNationalPark:AremarkableAmericanpark.Para.3SwissAlps:Afairytaledestinationidealforwintersports,hiking,andfestivals.Para.4Maui:AuniqueHawaiianislandwithdiverseactivities.【命题意图】1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinBoraBora?文章第一段主要关于BoraBora的介绍。此题旨在考查读者对BoraBora段落中提到的活动的理解。2.WhatdoGlacierNationalParkandSwissAlpshaveincommon?文章第二和第三段分别关于GlacierNationalPark和SwissAlps的介绍。这个问题旨在评估读者对GlacierNationalPark和SwissAlps共同特点的理解。3.Whichisappealingtomarinelifelovers?文章第四段关于Maui的介绍。此题的目的是考查读者对Maui段落中提到的与海洋生物相关的活动的理解。1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinBoraBora?A.Witnessvolcanoeruption.B.Goonaboattour.C.Witnessskiingracing.D.Goforanouting.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“BoraBora”下面的“Theisland’sextinctvolcano,MountOtemanu,isagreatchoicefortakingphotosorhiking.(岛上的死火山奥特马努峰是拍照或徒步旅行的好选择。)”可知,游客可以在波拉波拉岛远足。故选D。2.WhatdoGlacierNationalParkandSwissAlpshaveincommon?A.Bothprovidesnow-cappedpeaksandwintersportsactivities.B.Bothareknownfortheirlivelyfestivalsinsummer.C.Bothfeaturecharmingtownsandflower-filledmeadows.D.Bothofferopportunitiesforwhitewaterrafting.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据“GlacierNationalPark”下面的“Snow-cappedpeaks,alpinemeadowsandbluelakesarejustafewreasonswhyGlacierNationalParkisoneofAmerica’smostremarkableparks.Inwinter,youcanenjoysnowshoeingandskiing,while,duringthesummer,vacationerscangowhitewaterraftingonFlatheadRiverandotherpopularactivities.(白雪皑皑的山峰、高山草甸和蓝色湖泊只是冰川国家公园成为美国最著名公园之一的几个原因。冬天,你可以享受雪鞋健行和滑雪,而在夏天,度假者可以在弗拉特黑德河上进行激流泛舟和其他受欢迎的活动。)”和“SwissAlps”下面的介绍可知,冰川国家公园和瑞士阿尔卑斯山都有白雪皑皑的山峰和冬季运动。故选A。3.Whichisappealingtomarinelifelovers?A.BoraBora. B.GlacierNationalPark.C.SwissAlps. D.Maui.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“Maui”下面的“snorkelingwithseaturtles(与海龟一起潜水)”可知,海洋生物爱好者在毛伊岛可以和海龟一起潜水,这里对他们很有吸引力。故选D。B(2025·山东省实验中学模拟)Attheageof16,Ilivedwithmyparentsataninstitute18milesfromDurbanwithnoneighborsaround.Onedaymyfatherneededaridetotownforaconference.Meanwhile,mymothergavemealistofgroceriesandmyfatheraskedmetotakecareofseveralpendingchores,suchasgettingthecarserviced.WhenIdroppedmyfatheroffthatmorning,hesaid,“Iwillmeetyouhereat5:00p.m.,andwewillgohometogether.”Afterhurriedlycompletingmychores,Iwentstraighttothenearestmovietheater.IgotsoengrossedthatIforgotthetime.BythetimeIrantothegarageandgotthecarandhurriedtowheremyfatherwaswaitingforme,itwasalmost6:00p.m.Heanxiouslyaskedme,“Whywereyoulate?”IwassoashamedoftellinghimIwaswatchingamoviethatIsaid,“Thecarwasn’tready,soIhadtowait,”notrealizingthathehadalreadycalledthegarage.Whenhecaughtmeinthelie,hesaid,“There’ssomethingwronginthewayIbroughtyouupthatdidn’tgiveyoutheconfidencetotellmethetruth.InordertofigureoutwhereIwentwrongwithyou,I’mgoingtowalkhome18milesandthinkaboutit.”So,dressedinhissuitanddressshoes,hebegantowalkhomeinthedarkonmostlyunpaved,unlitroads.Icouldn’tleavehim,soforfive-and-a-halfhoursIdrovebehindhim,watchingmyfathergothroughthisagonyforastupidliethatIuttered.IdecidedthenandtherethatIwasnevergoingtolieagain.Ioftenthinkaboutthatepisodeandwonder,ifhehadpunishedmethewaywepunishourchildren,whetherIwouldhavelearnedalessonatall.Idon’tthinkso.Iwouldhavesufferedthepunishmentandgoneondoingthesamething.Butthissingleactionwassopowerfulthatitisstillasifithappenedyesterday.【语篇属性】语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我(个人成长)语篇内容文章主要讲述了作者送父亲去镇上开会,结果作者看电影忘记了去接父亲的时间,见到父亲后作者选择了撒谎。父亲发现作者说谎,于是选择自己步行回家来惩罚作者。语篇结构Para.1Teendrovehisfathertotownforaconference.Para.2FathercaughtTeeninalieanddecidedtowalkhomeaspunishment.Para.3Teendrovebehindhisfather,reflectingontheconsequencesofhislie.Para.4Theincidentledtoalife-changingdecisiontoneverlieagain.【命题意图】4.Whydidtheauthordrivetothetown?第一段介绍故事发生的背景。此题旨在考查读者对文本中作者去镇上的原因的理解。5.Whatdidthefatherdecidetodoafterfindingtheauthorlying?第二段关于父亲面对孩子说谎的反应。这个问题旨在评估读者对父亲在发现作者撒谎后所做决定的理解。6.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhedrovebehindhisfather?倒数第二段主要关于作者的心理活动。此题的目的是考查读者对作者在开车跟随父亲时的感受的理解。通过询问作者的感受,命题者希望读者能够识别出作者后悔和内疚的心情。7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?文章主要关于父亲发现作者说谎,于是选择自己步行回家来惩罚作者。这个问题旨在评估读者对文本整体寓意的理解。4.Whydidtheauthordrivetothetown?A.Towatchahitmovie.B.Tobuysomegroceries.C.Togivehisfatheralift.D.Togetthecarserviced.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“Onedaymyfatherneededaridetotownforaconference.(一天,我父亲需要搭车去镇上参加一个会议。)”可知,作者开车去镇上是为了送他父亲一程。故选C。5.Whatdidthefatherdecidetodoafterfindingtheauthorlying?A.Reflectonhisparenting.B.Blametheauthorseverely.C.Ignoretheauthor’sbehavior.D.Punishtheauthorimmediately.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Whenhecaughtmeinthelie,hesaid,‘There’ssomethingwronginthewayIbroughtyouupthatdidn’tgiveyoutheconfidencetotellmethetruth.InordertofigureoutwhereIwentwrongwithyou,I’mgoingtowalkhome18milesandthinkaboutit.’(当他发现我在说谎时,他说:‘我教育你的方式有问题,没有给你告诉我真相的信心。为了弄清楚我对你哪里错了,我要走18英里回家好好想想。’)”可知,父亲发现作者说谎后决定反思他的教育方式。故选A。6.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhedrovebehindhisfather?A.Relieved. B.Annoyed.C.Intolerable. D.Regretful.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Icouldn’tleavehim,soforfive-and-a-halfhoursIdrovebehindhim,watchingmyfathergothroughthisagonyforastupidliethatIuttered.(我不能丢下他,所以我跟在他后面开了五个半小时的车,看着父亲为我说的一个愚蠢的谎言而痛苦不堪。)”可知,当作者开车跟在他父亲后面时,作者感到后悔。故选D。7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Youdon’thavetochooseadaytolie.B.It’sbettertoliethantoadmitamistake.C.Donotdotootherswhatyoudon’tliketodo.D.Non-violenceispowerfulinteachingalesson.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段(我当时就决定再也不说谎了。我经常想起那件事,想知道,如果他像我们惩罚孩子那样惩罚我,我是否会得到教训。我不这么想。我会受到惩罚,继续做同样的事情。但这个单一的动作如此强大,以至于它仍然像是昨天发生的一样。)并结合文章主要讲述了作者送父亲去镇上开会,结果作者看电影忘记了去接父亲的时间,见到父亲后作者选择了撒谎,父亲发现作者说谎,于是选择自己步行回家来惩罚作者。可知,文章告诉我们非暴力在教学上是很有力的。故选D。C(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.

AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow—severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI—thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders—sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.【语篇属性】语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会(科技进步与探索)语篇内容文章主要介绍了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一书。语篇结构Para.1AIbyDesignoffersapracticalguidetotheAIrevolution.Para.2Thebookisaccessible,avoidingcomplexjargon.Para.3AIisevolvingtowardsmoreadvancedforms,raisingconcerns.Para.4UrgentactionneededtocontrolAIandpreventdisasters.Para.5AIimpactseveryone;thisbookisamust-readonthesubject.【命题意图】8.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inParagraph2probablymean?第二段介绍了Campbell凭借二十多年的经验,将复杂的AI技术简化,以商业视角写作。此题旨在考查读者对特定短语“Inthewronghands”在上下文中的含义理解。9.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?第二段介绍Campbell凭借二十多年的经验,将复杂的AI技术简化,以商业视角写作。这个问题旨在评估读者对AIbyDesign这本书特征的理解。10.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?第三段介绍了这本书讨论了人工智能的当前状态和未来发展趋势。此题的目的是考查读者对Campbell关于AI发展呼吁的理解。11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?文章主要介绍了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一书。这个问题旨在评估读者对本文写作目的的理解。8.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段画线短语后的but及thankfully可知前后语义转折,前文应该是假设一个不是Campbell的作者,与后文中经验丰富的作者进行对比。9.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?A.Itispackedwithcomplexcodes.B.Itadoptsadown-to-earthwritingstyle.C.Itprovidesstep-by-stepinstructions.D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformative可知本书实用、易理解,practical和B选项中的down-to-earth相对应。10.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?A.Observeexistingregulationsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.【解析】选C。推理判断题。第三段最后一句中,Campbell建议必须保持对人工智能的控制。第四段指出,Campbell期望科技公司和世界领导人与当前正在开发人工智能的所有专家保持一致,并表示人类处在历史的“转折点”,必须立即采取行动,防止面临人类灭绝级别的事件。这表明了她呼吁人们共同努力来控制人工智能的发展,以避免潜在的灾难。C项中的keepitundercontrol与文中的keepcontrolofartificialintelligence相对应。11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI.B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.【解析】选A。写作目的题。本文介绍了作者的背景,对书中主要论点和观点进行了简要阐述,并在最后一段强调了本文的写作目的,强烈推荐本书。【阅读障碍】1.长难句分析:Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.分析:这个句子是一个复合句,包含一个主句和两个由“which”引导的定语从句。主句是“Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic”,后边的两个定语从句都修饰前面的限定词“guide”。翻译:她从一个商业人士的实际角度来写作,而不是作为一个学者,撰写了一本非常通俗易懂且内容丰富的指南,而且当你读到最后,它会让你感觉自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。2.熟词生义absorbing常见义:吸收文中义:引人入胜的,指这本书非常吸引人,让人沉浸其中。roadmap常见义:路线图文中义:行动计划或指南,这里指的是应对人工智能革命的实用指南。translate常见义:翻译(语言)文中义:解释或阐释,指将复杂的概念变得易于理解。tippingpoint常见义:倾斜点(物理上的)文中义:临界点或转折点,指历史上的一个关键时刻,之后情况可能会发生剧烈变化。downfall常见义:下降,跌落文中义:衰败或灾难,这里指的是人类可能面临的灾难性后果。3.阅读低频词汇potentialn.潜力;forthcomingadj.即将到来的;revolutionn.变革;complicatedadj.复杂的;accessibleadj.易接近的,易懂的D(2023·全国甲卷)Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.【语篇属性】语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然(人与动物)语篇内容文章讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头,但也带来了一些问题。语篇结构Para.1GrizzlybearsarebothreveredandfearedintheAmericanpsyche.Para.2Grizzlybearsareexpandingtheirrangeandbeingsightedmoreoften.Para.3Historicaldeclineofgrizzliesduetohunting,nowprotectedbylaw.Para.4Successfulrecoveryofgrizzlypopulation,butlegalprotectionsremain.Para.5Precautionscanpreventgrizzlyconflictsandprotectfarmanimals.【命题意图】12.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?第一段介绍美国人如何看待灰熊的问题。命题者希望测试读者是否能够从文本中识别出灰熊在美国文化中引起的复杂情感,即既敬畏又害怕。13.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?第三段关于灰熊保护的成果。这个问题旨在评估读者对灰熊数量增加原因的理解,命题者希望读者能够识别出1975年以来法律保护是灰熊数量增加的关键因素。14.WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromdelistinggrizzlies?第四段关于灰熊除名企图的失败。此题的目的是考查读者对美国鱼类及野生动植物服务局未能将灰熊从濒危物种名单中移除的原因的理解。15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?最后一段关于移除食物和引诱物,安装电网,可防止灰熊骚扰,保持其行为良好。这个问题旨在评估读者对最后一段内容推断的理解。12.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C.Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—wereverethemevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.可知,灰熊占据了美国人内心的矛盾角落——他们尊敬它们,即使它们给他们带来可怕的梦。由此可知,美国人对灰熊的感情是复杂的。故选A。13.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A.TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B.Theexpansionofbears’range.C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段的In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.可知