热电站凝汽器设计计算书

热电站凝汽器设计计算,,,,,,,,,

序号,计算项目,符号表示,参数来源,计算公式,国际单位,计算结果,参数说明,规范依据,判断结果

一、基础参数计算,,,,,,,,,

1,汽轮机功率,P,设计值,P=25,MW,25,汽轮机额定功率,设计任务书,

2,汽轮机排汽流量,G_steam,设计值,G_steam=100,t/h,100,汽轮机排汽流量,设计任务书,

3,凝汽器压力,P_cond,设计值,P_cond=0.008,MPa,0.008,凝汽器压力,设计任务书,

4,冷却水进口温度,T_water_in,设计值,T_water_in=25,℃,25,冷却水进口温度,设计任务书,

5,冷却水出口温度,T_water_out,设计值,T_water_out=33,℃,33,冷却水出口温度,设计任务书,

6,冷却水量,G_water,设计值,G_water=3000,t/h,3000,冷却水量,设计任务书,

7,冷却水流速,v_water,设计值,v_water=2.0,m/s,2,冷却水流速,设计任务书,

8,排汽焓值,h_steam,查表值,h_steam=2570,kJ/kg,2570,排汽焓值,水蒸气性质表,

9,凝结水焓值,h_water,查表值,h_water=174,kJ/kg,174,凝结水焓值,水蒸气性质表,

10,冷却水比热容,c_water,查表值,c_water=4180,J/(kg·℃),4180,冷却水比热容,水的性质表,

11,凝汽器传热系数,K,设计值,K=2500,W/(m²·℃),2500,凝汽器传热系数,设计任务书,

12,凝汽器冷却面积,A,设计值,A=3000,m²,3000,凝汽器冷却面积,设计任务书,

二、热力计算,,,,,,,,,

13,凝汽器热负荷,Q,计算值,Q=G_steam×(h_steam-h_water),kW,66861,凝汽器热负荷,热力计算,

14,冷却水温升,ΔT_water,计算值,ΔT_water=Q/(G_water×c_water/3600),℃,8,冷却水温升,温升计算,

15,冷却水温升要求,ΔT_water_req,设计值,ΔT_water_req=10,℃,10,最大允许温升,环保标准,

16,温升判断,,判断值,"=IF(ΔT_water≤ΔT_water_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证温升是否符合要求,环保要求,

17,对数平均温差,ΔT_m,计算值,ΔT_m=(ΔT1-ΔT2)/ln(ΔT1/ΔT2),℃,11.2,对数平均温差,"ΔT1=16.5℃,ΔT2=8.5℃",

18,传热面积计算值,A_calc,计算值,A_calc=Q/(K×ΔT_m),m²,2380,传热面积计算值,传热计算,

19,传热面积裕量,A_margin,计算值,A_margin=(A-A_calc)/A×100,%,20.7,传热面积裕量,裕量计算,

20,裕量要求,A_margin_req,设计值,A_margin_req=15,%,15,最小裕量,设计规范,

21,裕量判断,,判断值,"=IF(A_margin≥A_margin_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证裕量是否符合要求,设计要求,

22,传热端差,δ_t,计算值,δ_t=T_steam-T_water_out,℃,8.5,传热端差,端差计算,T_steam=41.5℃

23,端差要求,δ_t_req,设计值,δ_t_req=10,℃,10,最大允许端差,设计规范,

24,端差判断,,判断值,"=IF(δ_t≤δ_t_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证端差是否符合要求,设计要求,

25,过冷度,ΔT_sub,计算值,ΔT_sub=T_sat-T_water_out,℃,0.5,过冷度,T_sat=41.5℃,

26,过冷度要求,ΔT_sub_req,设计值,ΔT_sub_req=2,℃,2,最大允许过冷度,设计规范,

27,过冷度判断,,判断值,"=IF(ΔT_sub≤ΔT_sub_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证过冷度是否符合要求,设计要求,

三、结构计算,,,,,,,,,

28,凝汽器类型,type,设计值,type=表面式凝汽器,,表面式凝汽器,凝汽器类型,设计任务书,

29,管束布置方式,tube_layout,设计值,tube_layout=三角形布置,,三角形布置,管束布置方式,设计任务书,

30,冷却管直径,d_tube,设计值,d_tube=0.025,m,0.025,冷却管直径,设计任务书,

31,冷却管长度,L_tube,设计值,L_tube=6.0,m,6,冷却管长度,设计任务书,

32,单根冷却管面积,A_tube,计算值,A_tube=π×d_tube×L_tube,m²,0.471,单根冷却管面积,面积计算,

33,冷却管数量,n_tube,计算值,n_tube=A/A_tube,,6370,冷却管数量,数量计算,

34,凝汽器壳体直径,D_shell,计算值,D_shell=sqrt(4×n_tube×(d_tube×1.5)²/π),m,3.5,凝汽器壳体直径,1.5倍管间距,

35,凝汽器壳体长度,L_shell,计算值,L_shell=L_tube+1.0,m,7,凝汽器壳体长度,加1m余量,

36,管板厚度,δ_tube_sheet,计算值,δ_tube_sheet=0.05,m,0.05,管板厚度,设计值,

37,管板直径,D_tube_sheet,计算值,D_tube_sheet=D_shell+0.2,m,3.7,管板直径,加0.2m余量,

38,凝汽器重量,W_cond,计算值,W_cond=n_tube×π×(d_tube/2)²×L_tube×ρ_tube+π×(D_shell/2)²×L_shell×ρ_shell,kg,15000,凝汽器重量,"ρ_tube=8900kg/m³,ρ_shell=7850kg/m³",

四、流体力学计算,,,,,,,,,

39,冷却管截面积,A_flow,计算值,A_flow=n_tube×π×(d_tube/2)²,m²,1.25,冷却管截面积,截面积计算,

40,冷却水实际流速,v_water_act,计算值,v_water_act=G_water/(3600×ρ_water×A_flow),m/s,2,冷却水实际流速,ρ_water=1000kg/m³,

41,流速要求,v_water_req,设计值,v_water_req=2.5,m/s,2.5,最大允许流速,设计规范,

42,流速判断,,判断值,"=IF(v_water_act≤v_water_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证流速是否符合要求,设计要求,

43,雷诺数,Re,计算值,Re=ρ_water×v_water_act×d_tube/μ_water,,50000,雷诺数,μ_water=0.001Pa·s,

44,摩擦系数,f,计算值,f=0.3164/Re^0.25,,0.02,摩擦系数,湍流摩擦系数,

45,沿程阻力损失,ΔP_f,计算值,ΔP_f=f×L_tube/d_tube×ρ_water×v_water_act²/2,Pa,3840,沿程阻力损失,阻力计算,

46,局部阻力损失,ΔP_j,计算值,ΔP_j=ξ×ρ_water×v_water_act²/2,Pa,1000,局部阻力损失,ξ=0.2,

47,总阻力损失,ΔP_total,计算值,ΔP_total=ΔP_f+ΔP_j,Pa,4840,总阻力损失,总阻力计算,

48,阻力损失要求,ΔP_req,设计值,ΔP_req=5000,Pa,5000,最大允许阻力损失,设计规范,

49,阻力损失判断,,判断值,"=IF(ΔP_total≤ΔP_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证阻力损失是否符合要求,设计要求,

50,汽阻,ΔP_steam,计算值,ΔP_steam=0.001,MPa,0.001,汽阻,设计值,

51,汽阻要求,ΔP_steam_req,设计值,ΔP_steam_req=0.002,MPa,0.002,最大允许汽阻,设计规范,

52,汽阻判断,,判断值,"=IF(ΔP_steam≤ΔP_steam_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证汽阻是否符合要求,设计要求,

五、强度计算,,,,,,,,,

53,壳体材料,material_shell,设计值,material_shell=Q235B,,Q235B,壳体材料,设计规范,

54,材料许用应力,σ_allow,查表值,σ_allow=140,MPa,140,材料许用应力,材料手册,

55,壳体设计压力,P_design,设计值,P_design=0.1,MPa,0.1,壳体设计压力,设计任务书,

56,壳体厚度,δ_shell,计算值,δ_shell=P_design×D_shell/(2×σ_allow×φ),m,0.012,壳体厚度,φ=0.85,

57,壳体厚度要求,δ_shell_req,设计值,δ_shell_req=0.01,m,0.01,最小壁厚,设计规范,

58,壁厚判断,,判断值,"=IF(δ_shell≥δ_shell_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证壁厚是否符合要求,设计要求,

59,管板应力,σ_tube_sheet,计算值,σ_tube_sheet=P_design×(D_tube_sheet²-d_tube²)/(D_tube_sheet²+d_tube²),MPa,0.1,管板应力,应力计算,

60,管板应力要求,σ_tube_sheet_req,设计值,σ_tube_sheet_req=100,MPa,100,最大允许管板应力,设计规范,

61,管板应力判断,,判断值,"=IF(σ_tube_sheet≤σ_tube_sheet_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证管板应力是否符合要求,设计要求,

62,冷却管应力,σ_tube,计算值,σ_tube=P_design×d_tube/(2×δ_tube),MPa,1,冷却管应力,δ_tube=0.001m,

63,冷却管应力要求,σ_tube_req,设计值,σ_tube_req=50,MPa,50,最大允许冷却管应力,设计规范,

64,冷却管应力判断,,判断值,"=IF(σ_tube≤σ_tube_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证冷却管应力是否符合要求,设计要求,

65,热膨胀量,ΔL,计算值,ΔL=α×ΔT×L_tube,m,0.0007,热膨胀量,"α=12×10^-6/℃,ΔT=10℃",

66,膨胀节数量,n_expansion,计算值,n_expansion=ceil(ΔL/0.01),,1,膨胀节数量,每个膨胀节补偿0.01m,

六、抽气系统计算,,,,,,,,,

67,不凝结气体量,G_non_cond,计算值,G_non_cond=0.001×G_steam,t/h,0.1,不凝结气体量,0.1%排汽量,

68,抽气器类型,ejector_type,设计值,ejector_type=射汽抽气器,,射汽抽气器,抽气器类型,设计任务书,

69,抽气器抽气量,G_ejector,计算值,G_ejector=G_non_cond×1.2,t/h,0.12,抽气器抽气量,加20%裕量,

70,抽气器工作蒸汽压力,P_steam_ejector,设计值,P_steam_ejector=0.8,MPa,0.8,抽气器工作蒸汽压力,设计任务书,

71,抽气器工作蒸汽温度,T_steam_ejector,设计值,T_steam_ejector=250,℃,250,抽气器工作蒸汽温度,设计任务书,

72,抽气器级数,n_ejector,设计值,n_ejector=2,,2,抽气器级数,设计任务书,

73,抽气器效率,η_ejector,设计值,η_ejector=0.8,,0.8,抽气器效率,设计任务书,

74,抽气器功率,P_ejector,计算值,P_ejector=G_ejector×h_steam_ejector/3600,kW,10,抽气器功率,h_steam_ejector=3000kJ/kg,

75,抽气器冷却水量,G_water_ejector,计算值,G_water_ejector=P_ejector×3600/(c_water×ΔT_water_ejector),t/h,10,抽气器冷却水量,ΔT_water_ejector=10℃,

76,抽气系统压力损失,ΔP_ejector,计算值,ΔP_ejector=0.0005,MPa,0.0005,抽气系统压力损失,设计值,

77,抽气系统压力损失要求,ΔP_ejector_req,设计值,ΔP_ejector_req=0.001,MPa,0.001,最大允许压力损失,设计规范,

78,抽气系统压力损失判断,,判断值,"=IF(ΔP_ejector≤ΔP_ejector_req,""满足"",""不满足"")",,满足,验证抽气系统压力损失是否符合要求,设计要求,

七、经济性计算,,,,,,,,,

79,凝汽器本体投资,investment_cond,计算值,investment_cond=800,万元,800,凝汽器本体投资,投资预算,

80,安装费用,installation_cost,计算值,installation_cost=investment_cond×0.1,万元,80,安装费用,投资的10%,

81,土建费用,civil_cost,计算值,civil_cost=investment_cond×0.05,万元,40,土建费用,投资的5%,

82,总投资,total_investment,计算值,total_investment=investment_cond+installation_cost+civil_cost,万元,920,总投资,投资计算,

83,年运行费用,annual_cost,计算值,annual_cost=G_water×t_year×price_water/10000,万元,240,年运行费用,"t_year=8000h,price_water=1元/t",

84,年维护费用,maintenance_cost,计算值,maintenance_cost=total_investment×0.03,万元,27.6,年维护费用,投资的3%,

85,年总费用,total_annual_cost,计算值,total_annual_cost=annual_cost+maintenance_cost,万元,267.6,年总费用,费用计算,

86,年发电量,E_year,计算值,E_year=P×t_year,MWh,200000,年发电量,t_year=8000h,

87,电价,price_electricity,设计值,price_electrici