大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷169

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷169

一、词汇理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

Drought,tsunami,violentcrime,financialmeltdown-theworldisfullofrisks.Thepoor

areoftenmost[Cl]totheireffects.Insteadof[C2]respondingto

crises,aidworkersandpolicymakersshouldanticipateandhelptoguardagainstsuch

rareand[C3]disastrousevents.Aftertheworldsufferedmajorcrisesin2008,

theconceptofriskmanagementhasgained[C4]ininternationaldevelopment.

Thelinksbetweenrisk,livelihoodsandpovertyarealltooclear.Mountingevidence

showsthat[C5]shocks-aboveall,healthandweathershocksandeconomic

crises—playamajorroleinpushinghouseholdsbelowthepovertylineandkeepingthem

there.Butforward-thinkinginterventionscanhelp[C6]thecostsoffuture

shocks.Bangladeshoffersagoodexample.In1970,alargetyphooncaused300,000

deathsinBangladesh.In2007,atyphoonofthesame[C7]andstrengthcaused

only4,000deaths.Thereasonforthechangewasthatthecountryhadbuiltanumberof

shelters.Itwentfromhavingonly12sheltersin1970tohaving2,500in2007.Italsohad

asystemofwarningthepopulationandasystemof[C8]theseevents.Butrisk

managementisn'tjustaboutlesseningtheeffectsofcrises;itcanalsohelppeopleger

ahead.FarmersinGhanaandIndiawhohadaccesstorainfallinsuranceweremorelikely

to[C9]infertilizer,seeds,andotherfarminginputs,thereportsaid,insteadof

sittingontheirmoneytoguardagainstpotentialfutureshocks.Severalrecentstudies

havepredictedthatextremeeventswillbecomemorecommon.Ifwefailtoanticipate

andplanfbrthoseevents,thenwecould[CIO]givingupmanyofthe

developmentgainsmadeoverthepastfewdecades.A)forecastingB)prominence

C)optimumD)vulnerableE)guidelinesF)molivateG)simplyH)riskQadverseJ)invest

K)offsetL)paralyzingM)potentiallyN)primarilyO)characterislics

1、[Cl]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空格是句子表语的一部分，在最高级标记most之后，应为形容词。

根据句意“穷人通常最……其影响"，vulnerable”脆弱的；易受攻击的”符合语义。

2、[C2]

标准答案：G

知识点解析:此处需填入副词，修饰动名词responding。转折词insteadof表明此

处讲救灾人员不应该做的事，根据句意“救援人员和决策者应采取行动预防此类罕

见的灾难性事件，而不能到了危急关头才……应对"，simply符合句意。

3、[C3]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：rare和…disastrous并列修饰名词events,此处需要副词修饰

disastrouso副词potentially”潜在地；可能地”符合句意，与anticipate“预测”在语义

上呼应，potentiallydisastrousevents意为“可能造成灾难的事件

4、[C4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：空格应填入名词，作谓语动词hasgained的宾语。结合上一段提到的

内容（要预防灾难性事件的发生）可以推断，2008年世界遭受各种主要危机后，risk

managemen[（危机处理）显得越来越重要，故此处选用prominenceo

5、[C5]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：空格为名词shocks的定语，可为名词、形容词或分词。句中提到，

各类冲击，尤其是健康、气候的冲击和经济危机，使穷人处于贫困线以下。可见这

些冲击是“不利的，有害的“，故选adverse。

6、[C6]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：此处需填入动词原形，构成help（lo）dosth.。根据下文所举例子（孟

加拉两次台风造成的伤亡）可知，超前干预可以减少未来遭受的损失，offse广抵

消，补偿”符合句意。

7、[C7]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：此处需填入与strength并列的名词。本段对比了1970年和2007年台

风造成的伤亡人数。而只有在某些方面类似的东西，才具有可比性。

characteristics"特点”符合句子语义。

8、[C8]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格前的asystemofwarning...提示空格处可能是动名词，与

theseevents构成动宾搭配。本段首句提到要进行超前干预，故填入空格的词应与

warning“预警”相关，forecasting符合上下语义。

9、[C9J

标准答案：J

知识点解析：空格应填入动词，构成搭配belikelyiodo,且可与介词in搭配。本

段首句提到“危机管理还要帮助人们进步“，由此可知，得到保险补偿的加纳和印度

的农民更可能将钱“投入”到农业上，而不是留着钱预防可能出现的灾害。invest“投

资''符合上下语义。

10、[CIO]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：could提示空格应为动词原形。本句大意是：如果不提前做好准备，

以前的大部分发展成果可能付诸东流。句子使用条件句，主句部分讲的是某种可能

性，risk”冒......的危险”符合语义。

二、长篇阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共70分。）

SecretE-Scores[A]Americansareobsessedwiththeirscores.Creditscores,G.P.A.'s,

SAT's,bloodpressureandcholesterol（月旦固醇）levels—younameit.Sohere'sanewscore

toobsessabout:thee-score,anonlinecalculationthatisassuminganincreasingly

important,andcontroversial,roleine-commcrcc.[B]Thesedigitalscores,knownbroadly

asconsumervaluationorbuying-powerscores,measureourpotentialvalueascustomers.

What'syoure-score?You'llprobablyneverknow.That'sbecausetheyarelargely

invisibletothepublic.Buttheyarehighlyvaluabletocompaniesthatwant-orinsome

cases,don'twant—tohaveyouastheircustomer.[C]Onlineconsumerscoresare

calculatedbyahandfulofstart-ups,aswellasafewfinancialservices,thatspecializein

theflourishingfieldofpredictiveconsumeranalytics.ItisaGooglelikebusiness,one

fueledbyalmostunimaginableamountsofdataandpoweredbycomplexcomputer

algorilhms（算法）.Theresultisaprivate,digitalrankingofAmericansocietyunlike

anythingthathascomebefore.Acompany,calledeBureau,developseScores—itsname

forcustomscoringalgorithms—topredictwhethersomeoneislikelytobecomea

customer.GordyMeyer,thefounderandchiefexecutive,sayshissystemneedslessthan

asecondtosizeupaconsumerandtotransmithisorherscoretoaneBureauclient.

[D]It'struethatcreditscores,basedonpersonalcreditreports,havebeenaroundfor

decades.Anddirectmarketingcompanieshavelongrankedconsumersbytheir

socioeconomicstatus.Bute-scoresgofurther.Theycantakeintoaccountfactslike

occupation,salaryandhomevaluetospendingonluxurygoodsorpetfood,anddoitall

withalgorithmsthattheircreatorssayaccuratelypredictspending.[E]Agrowingnumber

ofcompanies,includingbanks,creditanddebitcard（借记卡）providers,insurersand

onlineeducationalinstitutionsareusingthesescorestochoosewhomtopersuadeonthe

Web.Thesescorescandeterminewhethersomeonedeservesasupercreditcardora

plainone,afull-servicecableplanornoneatall.Theycandeterminewhetheracustomer

isroutedpromptlytoanattentiveserviceagentormovedtoanoverflowcallcenter.

[F]Federalregulatorsandconsumeradvocatesworrythatthesescorescouldeventually

putsomeconsumersatadisadvantage,particularlythoseunderfinancialstress.Ineffect,

theysay,thescorescouldcreateanewsubprimeclass:peoplewhoarebypassedby

companiesonlinewithoutevenknowingit.Financialinstitutions,inparticular,might

avoidpeoplewithlowscores,reducingthosepeople'saccesstohomeloans,creditcards

andinsurance.[G]"Thcscoringisatooltoenablefinancialinstitutionstomakedecisions

aboutfinancingbasedonunconventionalmethods,"saysDavidViadeck,thedirectorof

thebureauofconsumerprotectionattheFederalTradeCommission."Wearetroubledby

thesepractices."[H]Federallawgovernstheuseofold-fashionedcreditscores.

Companiesmusthavealegallypermissiblepurposebeforecheckingconsumers'credit

reportsandmustalertthemiftheyaredeniedcreditorinsurancebasedoninformationin

thosereports.Butthelawdoesnotextendtothenewvaluationscoresbecausetheyare

derivedfromnontraditionaldataandpromotedformarketing.EdMicrzwinski,consumer

programdirectorattheUnitedStatesPublicInterestResearchGroupinWashington,

worriesthatfederallawshaven'tkeptpacewithchangeinthedigitalage.|I]"There'sa

nontransparentscoringsystemthatcollectsinformationaboutyoutogenerateascore一

andwhatyourscoreisresultsintheoffersyougetontheInternet,"hesays."Inmost

cases,youdon'tknowwhoiscollectingtheinformation,youdon'tknowwhatpredictions

theyhavemadeaboutyou,orthepotentialforbeingdeniedchoiceorpayingtoomuch."

[J]Here'showe-scoreswork:Aclientsubmitsadatasetcontainingnamesoftensof

thousandsofsalesleads（线索）ilhasalreadybought,alongwiththenamesofleadswho

wentontobecomecustomers.EBureauthenaddsseveralthousanddetails-likeage,

income,occupation,propertyvalue,lengthofresidenceandretailhistory——fromits

databasestoeachcustomerprofile.Fromthoserawdatapoints,thesystemcalculatesup

to50,000additionalvariablesperperson.Thenitsearchesthoroughlyallthatdataforthe

rarecommonfactorsamongtheexistingcustomerbase.Theresultscoresprospective

customersbasedontheirresemblancetopreviouscustomers.|K|E-scoresmightrange

from0to99,with99indicatingaconsumerwhoisalikelyreturnoninvestmentand0

indicatinganunprofitableone.Butinsomeindustries,"knowingthebottomismore

importantthanknowingthetop,"Mr.Meyersays.Inonlineeducation,forinstance,e-

scoreshelpschoolsdistinguishprospectivestudentswhoarenotworththeinvestmentof

expensivecoursecatalogsorattentivefollow-upcalls—likepeoplewhousefakenames

oradopttheidentitiesofrelatives.nIfwccanfind25percentwhohavezerochanceof

enrolling,wecansay'don'twasteyourmoneyonthem.'"hesays.EBureaucharges

clients3to75centsascore,dependingontheindustryandthevolumeofleads.Such

scoresincreasetheaccuracyandspeedwithwhichcorripaniescanidentifypotential

customers,saysMr.WeintrauboftheLeadsConconference."Scorestellyou'thisperson

mightactuallyqualify,solet'sfbcusonthem/"hesays."Thiswayyouarenotfocusing

onpeoplewhoreallycan'tqualify.1'[L]Mostpeopleneverseetheirvaluescores.But

someservicesopenlydiscusshowtheirmeasurementswork.AcasestudyonthecBurcau

site,forexample,describeshowthecompanyrankedprospectivecustomersforanational

prepaiddebitcardissuer,assigningeachascoreof0to998.Peoplewhoscoredabove

950wereconsideredlikelytobecomehighlyprofitablecustomers,generatingrevenue

oversixmonthsofanestimated$213percard.Thosewhoscoredlessthan550were

predictedtobeunprofitableclients,withestimatedrevenueof$74orless.With

eBureau'ssystem,thecardissuercouldidentifyandcourtthehighscorerswhileavoiding

lowscorers.[M]Forcompanies,thiskindofscoringclearlyincreasesthespeedand

reducesthecostofacquiringcustomers.Butconsumersarepayingaheavypriceforthat

increasedcorporateefficiency,publicinterestsadvocatessay.Thedigitalscorescreatea

two-tieredsystemthatinvisiblyprioritizessomeonlineusersforcreditandinsurance

offerswhiledenyingthesameopportunitiestoothers,saysMr.MierzwinskiofthePublic

InterestResearchGroup.[N]Mr.MeyerandothereBureauexecutivesdisagree,saying

theconcernsaremisplaced.EBureau,Mr.Meyersays,wenttogreatlengthstobuilda

systemwithbothregulatoryrequirementsandconsumerprivacyinmind.Thecompany,

hesays,hasputfirewallsinplacetoseparatedatabasescontainingfederallyregulated

data,likecreditordebtinformationusedforpurposeslikeriskmanagement,from

databasesaboutconsumersusedtogeneratescoresformarketingpurposes.|O|Headds

thateBureau'sclientsusethescoresonlytonarrowtheirfieldofprospectivecustomers—

notforthepurposesofapprovingpeopleforcredit,loansorinsurance.Moreover,he

says,thecompanydoesnotsellconsumerdatatoothers,nordoesitretainthescoresit

transmitstoclients."Weareanevaluator,"Mr.Meyersays."Wearetryingtostayaway

frombeingintrusivetotheconsumer."[PJICsjuslanothersignoftheriseofwhatmight

becalledtheScoredSociety.Googleranksoursearchresultsbyourlocationandsearch

history.Facebookscoresusbasedonouronlineactivities.Kloutscoresusbyhowmany

followerswehaveonTwitter,amongotherthings.Andnowe-scoresrankourpotential

valuetocompanies.

11、AnexecutiveofeBureauclaimsthatthecompanykeepsthefederallyregulateddata

apartfromthoseusedtoproducee-scoresformarketingpurposes.

标准答案：N

知识点解析：根据federallyregulaieddata定位到N段。上文提到电子数据无形中

造成双重制度，某些网上用户可以优先申请贷款和保险，某些人却没有这种资格。

本段Mr.Meyer就这一问题发表了看法，并指出其公司相关系统已将不同用途的

数据库资料区分开来。题目概括了该段第3句的主要意思，keep...apartfrom

对应原文的separate...from。

12、Federalregulatorsandconsumeradvocatesshareconcernsthate-scoresmay

negativelyaffectsonicconsumerswhoarcdeliberatelyneglectedbyonlinecompanies.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：根据federalregulators和consumeradvocates定位至UF段。本段主要

讲解联邦监管人员和消费者权益保护者担忧电子分数可能会给某些消费者带来不

利。题目概括了本段第1-2句，negalivelyaffect对应原文的put...ata

disadvantage；而deliberatelyneglected对应原文的bypassedo

13、Thee-scoreisatypeofdigitalscorewhichmeasuresaconsumer'sbuyingpower.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据digitalscore和buyingpower定位到B段。结合上文可知，该段

首句中的thesedigitalscores指代thee-score,本题句子的信息点4B段首句内容一

致，B为本题答案。

14>TheamountoffeeseBureauasksforrangesfromthreetoseventy-fivecentsper

score.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：根据threetoseventy-fivecents定位到K段。该段倒数第4句提到

cBurcau根据客户所在行业和提供的数据线索的数量来确定收费，每个分值3至75

美分不等。本题句子表述与此一致。

15、Thee-scoreisjustanotherindicationoftherisingScoredSociety.

标准答案：P，

知识点解析：根据ScoredSociely定位到P段。从上文可知，该段第1句中的il指

代e-score。题目中的indication与原文sign对应，rising对应原文theriseof,题目

是对原文该句的同义转述。

16、E-scoresdomuchmorethanevaluateconsumers'socioeconomicstatus.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据socioeconomicstatus定位到D段。文中提到，直营公司长期对

消费者的社会经济地位排序，但电子商务走得更远，将消费者的职业、薪酬等诸多

因素考虑在内。题目内容与该段第2、3句对应。

17、AccordingtoastaffmemberofeBureau,thecompanyneithersellsconsumerdata

norkeepsthee-scoressenttoitsclients.

标准答案：O

知识点解析：根据consumerdata和clients定位到0段。题目是对该段第2句的同

义转述，本题句子中的keep与原文retain对应，而sent对应原文的transmits。

18、EBureaucitestheexampleofscoringpotentialcustomersforaprepaiddebitcard

issuertoprovethatitse-scoremeasurementworks.

标准答案：L

知识点解析：根据题目中的aprepaiddebitcardissuer定位至L段。文中举例

eBureau为一家预付借记卡发行商的潜在消费者进行排名，消费者的分值越高就越

有可能带来高额利润。从而帮助客户选择潜在消费群体。©Bureau网站借用这一典

型案例，是为了说明其评定发挥了作用。题目概括了第2—3句的内容，题目中的

scoringpotentialcustomers对应原文rankedprospectivecustomerso

19NThecalculationofthec-scorcinvolvesalargequantityofdataandrelieson

computers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析；根据alargequantityofdata和computer定位至C段。该段第2句提

到，与谷歌业务相类似，网络消费者得分涉及海量数据和复杂电脑运算。题目中的

alargequantity与原文unimaginableamounts对应，relieson与原文poweredby对

应。

20、Thereisnoexistingfederallawthatgovernstheuseofe-scores.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：根据federallaw定位到H段。该段提到，企业必须通过合法的途径

查询消费者信用记录，如果消费者因信用记录被拒绝申请信用卡或保险，则必须警

告他们。但联邦法律的这些规定，尚未覆盖新出现的评估分值。题目内容来自该段

第3句，题目中的noexistingfederallaws对应原文doesnotextendto。

三、仔细阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

Offeringagiftcanbeamutualpleasure;somemightsayitshouldbeapleasureforgiver

andrecipient.AproblemwithamoderncommercialChristmas,however,isthatbuying

giftscanbecomeachore.Oftenitisastressriddenchoreinthedyingdaysbefore

ChristmasDay,aseverythinggetslefttothelastminute.Whynotmakethisnext

Christmasatimetomakethechoosingofindividualgiftsapleasureforyourself,andfor

therecipient?OfteninthelastminutehastetobuygiftsintimeforChristmasDay,

peoplebecomedetachedfromnotonlythepurpose,buithepersontowhomtheyare

giving.Boughthastilyinacrowdedstressfilledstore,scarcelyathoughtmaypassforthe

individualonthereceivingend,howeverclosetheymaybetoyou.Mostoftheyear,if

notall,canbefilledwithwork,commuting,rushinghereandthere,stress,andselffbcus.

Howabouttimeandattentiontorthosewhoreallymatterinyourlite,whetherspouse,

offspring,otherrelatives,friendsorcolleagues?Thechoosingofagift,andpresentation

ofit,canbeasilentwayofgivingeachofthemspecialattention,andthenculminating

withtheirpleasureatthereceiptofthegift.Behindeverygoodpresentthereisaperson

whoworkedhardtomakethebestchoice.Thesecrettobuyingtheperfectgiftistothink

aboutthemessageyouwanttosendout,whenthereceiveropensit.Ifyouthinkabout

hisorherhobbies,tohisorhervacationplansetc.,itmeansyouhavereallystudiedihat

personandyouboughtthepresentpreciselylorthem,forthatoccasion;inthiscase,

Christmas.Friendshipandcaringarethemselvesagift,soyoucanseethatifyouput

somerealselflesseffortintochoosinggifts,thevalueofthegiftismagnified.Thatis

somethingwhichwillshinethroughthewrappingpaper,andinthemomentofgivingthe

pleasurethatyoufeelinmakingthegesturewillradiateinthewarmthofyourexpression.

Thechoosingandthegivingofagiftareinseparable.

21、WhatmakesbuyinggiftsforChristmasbecomeachore?

A、Thepressureoftheholiday.

B、Thelackoftimeforshopping.

C、Theincreasingvarietyofgifts.

D、Thecommercializationoftheholiday.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：首段末句中的dyingdays和lastminute都表明是时间上的因素使圣诞

节的购物变成苦差事，因此本题应选以

22NWhenbuyinggiftsinthelastminute,peopletendtobeconcernedabout.

A、choosingindividualgiftsfortherecipients

B、whatisthemoresuitablegiftfbraholiday

C、gettingagiftforeveryone

D、towhomtheysendthegift

标准答案：C-

知识点解析：第2段第2句中的detachedfrom...表明在最后一刻才急匆匆地赶

去买礼物时，人们不考虑礼物的目的，不考虑送礼的对象，当然也就不会考虑礼物

是否合适，也就是说，人们只是为了买礼物而买礼物，只想给每个人送礼，由此可

见，本题应选C。

23、Aperfectgiftdiffersfromothergiftsintheir.

A、usefulness

B、meaningfulness

C、cxquisitcncss

D、artistry

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第4段第2句中的message一词表明完美礼物注重的是礼物表达的信

息、，即其含义，因此本题应选B。

24>The"gesture"(Line3,Para.5)mostprobablyrefersto.

A、givingthegifttotherecipient

choosingagiftwithselflesseffort

C^wrappingthegiftbeforesendingit

D、showingyourconcerntotherecipient

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：本题解题的关键在于理解末段第2句中的第2个分句。在这个分句

中，thepleasure是主语，willradiate…是谓语，pleasure后that引出的是修饰

pleasure的定语从句，这样就不难看出gesture是指该分句开头的giving,由此可

见，本题应选A。

25、Inthispassage,theauthorismostlikelytopointout.

A、thebestwayofchoosingandgivingtherightgifts

B、theimportanceofthoughtfulnessinchoosingagift

C、thatone'slovefbrotherscanbestbedemonstratedbygifts

D、thatofferingagiftbenefitsboththegiverandthereceiver

标准答案：D」「

知识点解析：本文在首段首句、第2段首句、第3殁末句，以及末段第2句不断强

调“赠送礼物时对赠送者和接受者而言都是一种快乐”这个主题，由此可见，本题应

选De

DuringthenextseveralweeksIwentcompletelytothewolves.Itookatinytentandset

itupontheshoreofbay.Thebigtelescopewassetupinthemouthofthetentinsucha

waythatIcouldobservethewolvesbydayornight.QuitebyaccidentIhadpitchedmy

tentwithintenyardsofoneofthemajorpathsusedbythewolves.ShortlyafterIhad

takenupresidence,oneofthewolvescamebackanddiscoveredmeandmytent,buthe

didnotstoporhesitateinhispace.Later,oneormorewolvesusedthetrackpastmytent

andneverdidtheyshowtheslightestinterestinme.I佗Ituncomfortableatbeingso

totallyignored.ThenextdayInoticedamalewolfmakeboundarymarkersbypassing

waterontheroundsofhisfamilylands.OnceIhadbecomeawareofthestrongfeelingof

propertyrightswhichexistedamongthewolves,Idecidedtousethisknowledgetomake

thematleastrecognizemyexistence.Oneevening,aftertheyhadgoneofffortheir

regularnightlyhunt,Istakedoutapropertyclaimofmyown,includingalongsectionof

thewolves1path.Inordertoensurethatmyclaimwouldnotbeoverlooked,Imadea

propertymarkonstones,dumpsofmoss,andpatchesofvegetationwithalotoftea.

Beforethehunterscameback,taskwasdone,andIretired,somewhatexhausted,to

observeresults.Afewminuteslatertheleadingmaleappeared.Asusualhedidnot

bothertoglanceatthetent,butwhenhereachedthepointwheremypropertyline

intersectedthetrail,hesloppedasabruptlyasifhehadrunintoaninvisiblewall.

Cautiouslyheextendedhisnoseandsniffedatoneofmymarkedbushes.Afteraminute

ofhesitationhebackedawayafewyardsandsatdown.Then,helookeddirectlyatthe

tentandatme.Hisglareseemedtobecome