外研社小学英语一起小学五年级上语法总结及练习题

亲爱的同学们，转眼间我们已经迈入了五年级的学习旅程。英语学习就像建造一座大楼，语法知识就是其中重要的砖瓦。五年级上册的语法内容在之前的基础上有所拓展和深化，掌握好这些知识，能帮助我们更准确地理解和运用英语。下面，我们就一起来系统地梳理一下本学期的核心语法点，并通过练习加以巩固。一、语法知识总结（一）Be动词的用法(TheUsageof"be"Verbs)我们已经非常熟悉am,is,are这三个be动词了。在五年级，我们主要是在不同语境下灵活运用它们，并注意它们与不同人称代词的搭配。*用法回顾：*I用am。(Iamastudent.)*You,we,they用are。(Youaremyfriend.Wearehappy.Theyarebooks.)*He,she,it及单数名词用is。(Heisaboy.Thecatisblack.Thisbookisnew.)*否定形式：在am,is,are后加not。(isnot=isn't,arenot=aren't)*Sheisn'thappytoday.*Theyaren'tintheclassroom.*疑问形式：将am,is,are提到句首。*Areyouready?*Isthisyourpencil?小贴士：遇到句子先找主语，根据主语来确定用哪个be动词，养成“主谓一致”的好习惯。（二）情态动词Can的用法(TheUsageofModalVerb"can")"Can"表示“能，会，可以”，是我们表达能力或请求许可时的好帮手。*基本用法：*表示能力：Icanswim.ShecansingEnglishsongs.*表示请求或许可：CanIborrowyourpen?Youcangonow.*否定形式：can+not=can't(cannot)*Ican'trideabike.*疑问形式：将can提到句首。*Canyouplayfootball?*Whatcanyoudo?小贴士："Can"后面的动词要用原形哦！不要加s或es。（三）名词的单复数(SingularandPluralNouns)名词有单数和复数之分，表示一个人或事物用单数，表示两个或更多用复数。*规则变化：*一般情况下，直接加-s。(book→books,cat→cats)*以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，加-es。(bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes)*以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es。(baby→babies,family→families)（注意：元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s，如boy→boys,toy→toys）*以"o"结尾的名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。（常见：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,photo→photos,piano→pianos）*不规则变化：这些需要我们用心记住。*man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,fish→fish(强调数量时也可用fishes)小贴士：看到名词时，多留意它是单数还是复数，这会影响到前面的冠词（a/an）和后面的动词哦。（四）代词(Pronouns)代词可以用来代替名词，使句子更简洁。我们主要学习和运用以下几类代词：*人称代词(PersonalPronouns)：分为主格（作主语）和宾格（作宾语）。*主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,they*宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,them*(Heismybrother.Ilikehim.)*物主代词(PossessivePronouns)：表示“……的”，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。*形容词性（后面需跟名词）：my,your,his,her,its,our,their*Thisismybook.HernameisLucy.*名词性（后面不跟名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”）：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs*Thisbookismine.(相当于mybook)Yoursisred.(相当于Yourbookisred.)小贴士：形容词性物主代词就像“形容词”一样，后面一定要跟着名词；名词性物主代词则可以独立使用，后面不能再跟名词。（五）介词(Prepositions)介词用来表示时间、地点、方位等，是句子中非常活跃的词。本学期我们需要重点掌握的介词有：*表示时间：in(inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inJanuary,in2023),on(onMonday,onChildren'sDay,onthe1stofMay),at(atsixo'clock,atnoon,atnight)*表示地点/方位：in(intheclassroom,inChina),on(onthedesk,onthewall),under(underthechair),behind(behindthedoor),nextto(nexttothewindow),near(nearthepark),between(betweenthetwotrees)*其他常用介词：with(和……一起，用……工具),from(来自……),for(为了……，给……)小贴士：介词的搭配很多，需要在句子和短语中多积累、多记忆，不要死记硬背，要理解其含义。（六）一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)一般现在时用来表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，以及客观事实和真理。*基本结构：*主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式+其他。*动词第三人称单数变化规则（当主语是第三人称单数he/she/it或单数名词时）：*一般情况下，加-s。(play→plays,eat→eats)*以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词，加-es。(watch→watches,wash→washes,go→goes,do→does)*以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es。(study→studies,fly→flies)*否定形式：*主语+don't+动词原形+其他。(Idon'tlikeapples.)*主语（三单）+doesn't+动词原形+其他。(Hedoesn'tgotoschoolonSundays.)*疑问形式：*Do+主语+动词原形+其他？(DoyoulikeEnglish?)*Does+主语（三单）+动词原形+其他？(Doesshelivehere?)小贴士：一般现在时的标志词有often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week/month/year等。看到这些词，要想到用一般现在时。（七）现在进行时(PresentContinuousTense)现在进行时表示“此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作”。*基本结构：主语+be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式+其他。*Iamreadingabooknow.*Theyareplayingbasketball.*动词-ing形式变化规则：*一般情况下，直接加-ing。(read→reading,play→playing)*以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e加-ing。(write→writing,dance→dancing)*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ing。(run→running,swim→swimming,shop→shopping)*否定形式：在be动词后加not。(IamnotwatchingTV.)*疑问形式：将be动词提到句首。(Aretheylisteningtomusic?)小贴士：现在进行时的标志词有now,look,listen等。当你看到“看！”“听！”这样的词时，通常后面的动作正在发生。当我们要比较两个人或事物时，就要用到比较级。*形容词比较级的构成：*规则变化：*一般单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加-er。(tall→taller,fast→faster,small→smaller)*以不发音的e结尾的词，加-r。(nice→nicer,large→larger)*以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i加-er。(happy→happier,easy→easier)*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个辅音字母再加-er。(big→bigger,hot→hotter,thin→thinner)*不规则变化：(需要特殊记忆)*good/well→better,bad/badly→worse,many/much→more,little→less,far→farther/further*副词比较级的构成：大部分副词的比较级是在词前加more。(slowly→moreslowly,carefully→morecarefully)但一些与形容词同形的副词（如fast,hard,early）的比较级变化规则与形容词相同。(fast→faster,early→earlier)*比较级的用法：*A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.(TomistallerthanMike.)*A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.(Herunsfasterthanme.)小贴士：“than”（比）是比较级的好朋友，看到“than”，前面的形容词或副词通常要用比较级形式。二、练习题（一）用be动词的适当形式填空(am,is,are)1.I______astudent.Myname______Lucy.2.This______mybag.Those______theirbooks.3.______youfromBeijing?No,I______not.4.Thecats______black.They______verycute.5.There______apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.（二）用can或can't填空1.Mylittlebrother______swim,buthe______skate.2.______youspeakChinese?Yes,I______.3.It'stooheavy.I______carryit.4.She______playthepianoverywell.5.You______parkyourcarhere.It'snotallowed.（三）写出下列名词的复数形式1.apple______2.bus______3.baby______4.tomato______5.child______6.foot______7.sheep______8.photo______（四）选择合适的代词填空(my,your,his,her,its,our,their,mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs)1.ThisisLily'sbook.It's______.2.Wehaveanewhouse.______houseisbigandbright.3.—Isthispen______?—Yes,it'smine.4.Thedogiswhite.______nameisMimi.5.TheseareTomandJim'stoys.Theyare______.6.Ilove______parents.Theylovemetoo.（五）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（一般现在时）1.Tomoften______(play)footballafterschool.2.Mymother______(cook)dinnereveryday.3.They______(notwatch)TVinthemorning.4.______yourfather______(read)newspaperseveryevening?5.She______(go)toschoolbybike.I______(go)toschoolonfoot.（六）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（现在进行时）1.Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.2.Look!Thechildren______(play)gamesontheplayground.3.I______(do)myhomeworknow.I______(notwatch)TV.4.What______yourbrother______(do)atthemoment?He______(draw)apicture.5.It'ssixo'clock.Myparents______(cook)dinner.（七）写出下列形容词的比较级1.tall______2.happy______3.big______4.good______5.fast______6.beautiful______(提示：用more)（八）用所给词的适当形式填空（比较级）1.Tomis______(tall)thanhissister.2.Thisstorybookis______(interesting)thanthatone.3.Mymothergetsup______(early)thanme.4.Summeris______(hot)thanspring.5.Heruns______(fast)thanhisfriend.Sheruns______(slowly)thanhim.三、参考答案（一）用be动词的适当形式填空1.am,is2.is,are3.Are,am4.are,are5.is(Therebe句型遵循就近原则)（二）用can或can't填空1.can,can't(答案不唯一，符合逻辑即可)2.Can,can3.can't4.can5.can't（三）写出下列名词的复数形式1.apples2.buses3.babies4.tomatoes5.children6.feet7.sheep8.photos（四）选择合适的代词填空1.hers2.Ou