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第第页广东省2025届第一次调研考试英语试题一、第二部分,阅读,第一节,阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分阅读理解TICKETSFORKENSINGTONPALACEANDUNTOLDLIVESKensingtonPalaceTicketsAnadmissionticketincludesaccesstoallpublicareasofthepalaceandgardensincluding:UntoldLivesexhibition,Victoria:ARoyalChildhood,TheKing'sStateApartmentsandTheQueen'sStateApartments.TICKETPRICEMemberUnlimitedentryfromE55peryearFreeAdultAge18-64£24.00ChildUnder5gofreeanddonotneedaticket.Childrenunder15mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult£12.00(续表)TICKETPRICEYoungPerson16-17YearsIDmayberequired£12.00SeniorAge65+£19.00Full-TimeStudent18+Studentsneedtoshowavalid(有效的)studentidentificationcard£19.00DisabledConcession(优惠)£19.00GroupGroupsof15adultsormore£22.10£1TicketForthoseinreceiptofUniversalCreditandothernamedbenefits£1.00HowtoGetTicketsYou'veBoughtOnlineDownloadyourPDFtickettoyourmobileforscanning(扫描)attheentranceorclickthelinkintheemailthatwe'llsendyouandprintoutallyourtickets.Ifyouarenotabletodownloadyoure-ticketsusingthelinkinyourconfirmationemail,pleaseshowyourreferencenumberwhichbegins42xxxxxxxxxtotheticketdeskwhenyouarriveandstaffonsitewillbeabletoprintyourticketsforyou.1.WhatcanaKensingtonPalaceticketbeusedtodo?A.Serveasanidentificationcard.B.Providediscountsforkidtickets.C.Offerfreevisittoseveralplaces.D.Showhowtoprintonlinetickets.2.Howmuchshouldaclassof20pupilsandateacherpayfortheentry?A.Aboutf21. B.Aboutf264.C.Aboutf404. D.Aboutf464.3.Whatisneededwhenyouhaveyourticketsprintedonsite?A.Thecellphonescreen. B.Thereferencenumber.C.Theticketpricetable. D.Theconfirmationemail.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了KensingtonPalace和UntoldLives展览的门票信息说明。详细列出了不同类型的门票价格、购票方式以及如何使用在线购买的电子门票等信息。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时,从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时,要根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除,反之,则是正确选项。1.细节理解题。根据KensingtonPalaceTickets下面的"Anadmissionticketincludesaccesstoallpublicareasofthepalaceandgardensincluding:UntoldLivesexhibition,Victoria:ARoyalChildhood,TheKing'sStateApartmentsandTheQueen'sStateApartments.(一张门票可以进入宫殿和花园的所有公共区域,包括:不为人知的生活展览、维多利亚:皇室的童年、国王的国事公寓和女王的国事公寓)"可知,KensingtonPalace的门票可以用来免费参观几个地方。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据题干"aclassof20pupilsandateacher"定位至票价表,pupil指小学生,年龄在15岁以下,每人12英镑,教师购买成人票24英镑,12*20+24=264英镑故选B。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Ifyouarenotabletodownloadyoure-ticketsusingthelinkinyourconfirmationemail,pleaseshowyourreferencenumberwhichbegins42×××××××××totheticketdeskwhenyouarriveandstaffonsitewillbeabletoprintyourticketsforyou.(如果您无法使用确认邮件中的链接下载电子机票,请在您到达时向票务台出示以42×××××××××开头的参考号码,现场工作人员将为您打印机票)"可知,当您在现场打印门票时需要参考编号。故选B。阅读理解Asacollegeprofessor,Iamrequiredtoholdanofficehourbeforemylecture.Theseofficehoursareoptionalandtendtobebusieratthebeginningandendofasemester(学期).Inthemiddle,theycanbecomequiet.AfewyearsagoIwasgivenaflute(长笛)asagift,soIdecidedthatIwouldusemyquietofficehourstopracticethisnewinstrument.Theexperiencebroughtunexpectedinsightsintoperformanceanxiety.Iheldmyofficehourinthenear-emptylecturehall,onehourbeforetheclassbegan.Thehallwasopentoanystudentwhowishedtotalkwithmeaboutcourseworkortotakeaseatandquietlyreadbeforethelecturebegan.Iwouldassemble(组装)myflute,openmylessonbook,andbeginworkingontheinstrumentIhadneverplayedbefore.Ialsofollowedonlinevideolessons—alldoneinfrontofafewstudentswhowouldcomeearlytoclass.Iwouldbeginplayinglongtones,closingmyeyesand"forgetting"thatanyonewasintheroomwithme.IwassurprisedtofindthatIfeltnoanxietywhilelearninganewinstrumentinfrontofothers.HadIbeenplayingmymaininstrument,Iwouldhavehadmoreconcernaboutthelevelofmyplayingandhowmyplayingwasbeingreceived.However,inthissetting,itwasclearthatIwasanabsolutebeginnerwithnoexpectationsofimpressinganyonewithmymastery.Myattentionwassetonfiguringtheinstrumentout.IhadnoexpectationsofhowIwouldsoundandhadlittleexpectationsofsoundinglikeanythingmorethanabeginner.TherehavebeenmanythingsIhavelearnedfrommyexperimentoflearninganinstrumentinpublic.Whenevermusicianstalkwithmeabouttheirstagefright,Iofferthemthisstory.4.Whatis"anofficehour"for?A.Theprofessorstoshowtalents.B.Thestudentstoappreciatemusic.C.Theteacherstoofferconsultation.D.Thelecturerstomakepreparations.5.Whydidtheauthorplayaflute?A.Topassthetime. B.Togivealecture.C.Todoaresearch. D.Toattractstudents.6.Whatmadetheauthorateasewhenplayingtheflute?A.Thetechniquefromthevideo.B.Hisimpressiveperformance.C.Theaudience'sactiveresponse.D.Hisconcentrationonplaying.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MyJoyofLearningaNewThingB.MyTiponPerforminginthePublicC.MyDiscoverytoEaseStageFrightD.MyOfficeHourBeforeEveryLesson【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者在办公室空闲时间学习长笛的经历,并通过这段经历获得了对表演焦虑的新认识。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题,推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时,从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时,要根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除,反之,则是正确选项。做推理判断题时,要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测,必须忠实于原文,以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:审清题目要求;锁定关键信息;挖掘隐含信息;排除干扰选项;把握语境情感;逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时,要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼,通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析,将每段的主题综合起来,找出文章的中心。4.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Asacollegeprofessor,Iamrequiredtoholdanofficehourbeforemylecture.(作为一名大学教授,我被要求在上课前有一个小时的办公时间)"以及第二段"Iheldmyofficehourinthenear-emptylecturehall,onehourbeforetheclassbegan.Thehallwasopentoanystudentwhowishedtotalkwithmeaboutcourseworkortotakeaseatandquietlyreadbeforethelecturebegan.(在上课前一小时,我在几乎空无一人的讲堂里办公。大厅对任何想和我讨论课程作业的学生开放,或者想在讲座开始前坐下来安静地阅读)"可知,"anofficehour"是对任何想和我讨论课程作业的学生开放,所以是老师们提供咨询的时间。故选C。5.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Theseofficehoursareoptionalandtendtobebusieratthebeginningandendofasemester(学期).Inthemiddle,theycanbecomequiet.AfewyearsagoIwasgivenaflute(长笛)asagift,soIdecidedthatIwouldusemyquietofficehourstopracticethisnewinstrument.(这些办公时间是可选的,在学期开始和结束时往往更忙。在中间,他们会变得安静。几年前,我收到了一个长笛作为礼物,所以我决定利用我安静的办公时间来练习这个新乐器)"可知,作者吹笛子是为了打发时间。故选A。6.推理判断题。根据文章第三段"Iwouldbeginplayinglongtones,closingmyeyesand"forgetting"thatanyonewasintheroomwithme.IwassurprisedtofindthatIfeltnoanxietywhilelearninganewinstrumentinfrontofothers.(我会开始演奏长音调,闭上眼睛,"忘记"有人和我在一起。我惊讶地发现,当我在别人面前学习一种新乐器时,我没有感到焦虑)"可知,因为作者专注于演奏,让他在吹长笛时感到轻松自在。故选D。7.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Theexperiencebroughtunexpectedinsightsintoperformanceanxiety.(这段经历让我对表演焦虑有了意想不到的认识)"以及最后一段"TherehavebeenmanythingsIhavelearnedfrommyexperimentoflearninganinstrumentinpublic.Whenevermusicianstalkwithmeabouttheirstagefright,Iofferthemthisstory.(从我在公共场合学习乐器的实验中,我学到了很多东西。每当音乐家和我谈论他们的怯场,我就给他们讲这个故事)"以及通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了作者在公开场合学习新乐器的经历,并从中发现了缓解舞台恐惧的方法。因此,合适的标题是C项"MyDiscoverytoEaseStageFright(我缓解怯场的发现)"。故选C。阅读理解AsAIdevelops,itbecomeschallengingtodistinguishbetweenitscontentandhuman-createdwork.Beforecomparingboth,it'sgoodtoknowaboutthePerplexity&Burstinessofatext.Perplexityisameasurementusedtoevaluatetheperformanceoflanguagemodelsinpredictingthenextwordinagroupofwords.Itmeasureshowwellthemodelcanestimatetheprobabilityofawordoccurringbasedonthepreviouscontext.Alowerperplexityscoreindicatesbetterpredictabilityandunderstandingofthelanguage,whileahigherperplexityscoresuggestsahigherdegreeofuncertaintyandlessaccuratepredictions.ThehumanmindissocomplexcomparedtocurrentAImodelsthathuman-writtentexthashighperplexitycomparedtoAI-generatedtext.Examples:HighPerplexity:"Theteapotsanganoperaofhot,wheelingtea,everysteamynoteasymphonyofflavor."LowPerplexity:"Ipouredhotwaterintotheteapot,andafreshsmellfilledtheroom."Burstinessreferstothevariationinthelengthandstructureofsentenceswithinapieceofcontent.Itmeasuresthedegreeofdiversityandunpredictabilityinthearrangementofsentences.Humanwritingoftenexhibitsburstsandlulls(间歇),withamixoflongandshortsentences,whileAI-generatedcontenttendstohaveamoreuniformandregularpattern.Higherburstinessindicatesgreatercreativity,spontaneity(自发性),andengagementinwriting,whilelowerburstinessreflectsamoreroboticandmonotonous(单调的)style.Justliketheperplexityscore,human-writtencontentusuallyhasahighburstinessscore.Examples:HighBurstiness:"Thealarmscreamed.Feethitthefloor.Theteakettlewhistled.Steamstreamed.Heartpounded.Theworld,awake."LowBurstiness:"Inthepeacefulmorning,thealarmclock'ssoftringgreetedanewday.Iwalkedtothekitchen,mystepslightandunhurried.Theteakettlewhistleditsgentlesong,acomfortingtunethatharmonizedwiththesteam'ssoftwhisper."Here,Iwroteapassageonthe"Importanceoflifelonglearning"myselfandalsoaskedChatGPTtodothesametocomparebetterAI-generatedandhuman-writtentext.8.WhatdoPerplexity&Burstinessprobablyserveas?A.Complexitiesofalanguage.B.Criteriaonfeaturesofatext.C.PhenomenaoflanguagevarietiesD.Referencesingeneratingatext.9.WhatarethecharacteristicsofanAI-generatedtext?A.LowperplexityandlowburstinessB.Highperplexityandlowburstiness.C.Lowperplexityandhighburstiness.D.Highperplexityandhighburstiness10.Whichofthewritingwaysbelowdoestheauthorskipwhendevelopingthearticle?A.Quotingsayings. B.Showingexamples.C.Givingdefinitions. D.Makingcomparisons.11.Whatwillbeprobablytalkedaboutnext?A.SomeessaysfromChatGPT.B.AnillustrationfordifferencesC.Anexampleofthewriter'sown.D.Analysesoflifelonglearning.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要详细解释了"Perplexity"和"Burstiness"这两个概念,并通过示例展示了它们在人类书写和AI生成文本中的差异。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时,从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时,要根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除,反之,则是正确选项。做推理判断题时,要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测,必须忠实于原文,以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:审清题目要求;锁定关键信息;挖掘隐含信息;排除干扰选项;把握语境情感;逻辑推理分析。8.推理判断题。根据第二段"Perplexityisameasurementusedtoevaluatetheperformanceoflanguagemodelsinpredictingthenextwordinagroupofwords.Itmeasureshowwellthemodelcanestimatetheprobabilityofawordoccurringbasedonthepreviouscontext.(困惑度是一种用来评估语言模型在预测一组单词中的下一个单词时的性能的测量方法。它衡量模型根据之前的上下文估计单词出现概率的能力)"以及第五段"Burstinessreferstothevariationinthelengthandstructureofsentenceswithinapieceofcontent.Itmeasuresthedegreeofdiversityandunpredictabilityinthearrangementofsentences.(突发性是指在一篇文章中句子长度和结构的变化。它衡量句子排列的多样性和不可预测性的程度)"可知,Perplexity和Burstiness是可以用来评估文本特征的标准。故选B。9.细节理解题。根据第二段"ThehumanmindissocomplexcomparedtocurrentAImodelsthathuman-writtentexthashighperplexitycomparedtoAI-generatedtext.(与目前的人工智能模型相比,人类的思维是如此复杂,以至于与人工智能生成的文本相比,人类编写的文本具有很高的困惑度)"以及第五段"Humanwritingoftenexhibitsburstsandlulls(间歇),withamixoflongandshortsentences,whileAI-generateocontenttendstohaveamoreuniformandregularpattern.Higherburstinessindicatesgreatercreativity,spontaneity(自发性),andengagementinwriting,whilelowerburstinessreflectsamoreroboticandmonotonous(单调的)style.Justliketheperplexityscore,human-writtencontentusuallyhasahighburstinessscore.(人类写作通常会出现停顿和停顿,有长句子也有短句,而人工智能生成的内容往往有更统一和规则的模式。较高的抑止度表明写作更有创造力、自发性和参与性,而较低的抑止度则反映出更机械和单调的风格。就像困惑分数一样,人类编写的内容通常具有很高的突发性分数)"可知,人工智能生成文本的特征是低困惑性和低突发性。故选A。10.推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者分别给Perplexity和Burstiness下定义,并把人类的写作特征和人工智能的写作特征进行比较,并举例说明,所以本文没有用到引用名人名言。故选A。11.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Here,Iwroteapassageonthe"Importanceoflifelonglearning"myselfandalsoaskedChatGPTtodothesametocomparebetterAI-generatedandhuman-writtentext.(在这里,我自己写了一篇关于"终身学习的重要性"的文章,并要求ChatGPT做同样的事情来比较更好的人工智能生成和人类编写的文本)"可知,接下来作者会讲述自己写作的一个例子。故选C。阅读理解Whenstressedout,manyofusturntojunkfoodlikedeep-friedfoodforcomfort.Butanewresearchsuggeststhisstrategymaybackfire.Thestudyfoundthatinanimals,ahigh-fatdietdisruptsresidentgutbacteria(肠道细菌),changesbehaviorand,throughacomplexpathwayconnectingtheguttothebrain,influencesbrainchemicalsinwaysthatfuelanxiety."Everyoneknowsthatthesearenothealthyfoods,butwetendtothinkaboutthemstrictlyintermsofalittleweightgain,"saidleadauthorChristopherLowry,aprofessorofintegrativephysiologyatCUBoulder."Ifyouunderstandthattheyalsoimpactyourbraininawaythatcanpromoteanxiety,thatmakestheriskevenhigher."Lowry'steamdividedmiceintotwogroups:Halfgotastandarddietofabout11%fatfornineweeks;theothersgotahigh-fatdietof45%fat,consistingmostlyoffatfromanimalproducts.ThetypicalAmericandietisabout36%fat,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Whencomparedtothecontrolgroup,thegroupeatingahigh-fatdiet,notsurprisingly,gainedweight.Buttheanimalsalsoshowedsignificantlylessdiversityofgutbacteria.Generallyspeaking,morebacterialdiversityisassociatedwithbetterhealth,Lowryexplained.Thehigh-fatdietgroupalsoshowedhigherexpressionofthreegenes(基因)(tph2,htrla,andslcba4)involvedinproductionandsignalingofthebrainchemicalcalledserotonin—particularlyinaregionofthecentralpartofthebrainknownasthedorsalraphenucleuscDRD,whichisassociatedwithstressandanxiety.Whileserotoninisoftenbilledasa"feel-goodbrainchemical",Lowrynotesthatcertainsubsetsofserotoninneurons(神经元)can,whenactivated,touchoffanxiety-likeresponsesinanimals.Especially,heightenedexpressionoftph2inthecDRDhasbeenassociatedwithmooddisordersinhumans."Tothinkthatjustahigh-fatdietcouldchangeexpressionofthesegenesinthebrainisextraordinary,"saidLowry."Thehigh-fatgroupessentiallyhadahighanxietystateintheirbrain."However,Lowrystressesthatnotallfatsarebad,andthathealthyfatslikethosefoundinfish,nutsandseedscanbegoodforthebrain12.Whatisthenewfinding?A.JunkfoodleadstooverweightB.High-fatfoodbringsbadmoods.C.BrainchemicalscauseanxietyD.Gutbacteriabenefitbrainhealth.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"disrupts"inparagraph1mean?A.Upsets. B.Facilitates. C.Loosens. D.Generates.14.Howwerethemiceeatingahigh-fatdietbycontrastwiththecontrolgroup?A.TheylookedmoreanxiousB.Theylostmuchmoreweight.C.Theysufferedmooddisorders.D.Theylackedgutbacteriavariety.15.WhatdoesLowryagreewith?A.Everyfatisharmful. B.Fishfatisharmless.C.Stresscomesfromfat. D.Somefatsaregood.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究,该研究发现在动物身上,高脂肪饮食会破坏肠道细菌,改变行为,并通过连接肠道和大脑的复杂途径影响大脑化学物质,从而加剧焦虑。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题,推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时,从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时,要根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除,反之,则是正确选项。做推理判断题时,要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测,必须忠实于原文,以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:审清题目要求;锁定关键信息;挖掘隐含信息;排除干扰选项;把握语境情感;逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有:利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文,所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子,利用它们猜词义较容易利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。12.细节理解题。根据第一段"Thestudyfoundthatinanimals,ahigh-fatdietdisruptsresidentgutbacteria(肠道细菌),changesbehaviorand,throughacomplexpathwayconnectingtheguttothebrain,influencesbrainchemicalsinwaysthatfuelanxiety.(研究发现,在动物中,高脂肪饮食会破坏肠道细菌,改变行为,并通过连接肠道和大脑的复杂途径,影响大脑化学物质,从而加剧焦虑)"可知,新的发现是高脂肪食物会带来坏心情。故选B。13.词义猜测题。根据后文"changesbehaviorand,throughacomplexpathwayconnectingtheguttothebrain,influencesbrainchemicalsinwaysthatfuelanxiety(改变行为,并通过连接肠道和大脑的复杂途径,影响大脑化学物质,从而加剧焦虑)"可知,高脂肪饮食会改变行为影响大脑化学物质,所以是有害的,推知"disruptsresidentgutbacteria"应是"破坏肠道细菌"之意,所以disrupts是"扰乱,破坏"之意和A项意思相近。故选A。14.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Whencomparedtothecontrolgroup,thegroupeatingahigh-fatdiet,notsurprisingly,gainedweight.Buttheanimalsalsoshowedsignificantlylessdiversityofgutbacteria.(与对照组相比,吃高脂肪食物的那一组体重增加了,这并不奇怪。但这些动物的肠道细菌多样性也明显减少)"可知,与对照组相比,吃高脂肪食物的老鼠,他们缺乏肠道细菌的多样性。故选D。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段"However,Lowrystressesthatnotallfatsarebad,andthathealthyfatslikethosefoundinfish,nutsandseedscanbegoodforthebrain.(然而,Lowry强调并不是所有的脂肪都是有害的,像鱼、坚果和种子中发现的健康脂肪对大脑有好处)"可知,Lowry认为有些脂肪是好的。故选D。二、第二部分,阅读,第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoMakeaMarathonFeelEasierMarathonrunnersgettoinfluencetheireffort-baseddecisionmakingintwoways:firstlybyincreasingtheirmotivationand,oncethatismaxedout,byreducingperceptionofeffort,whichcanbebetterthoughtofas"makingitfeeleasier".16.Butherearesometechniquestomakethatmarathonfeelmoreachievable.Studieshavefoundifwelearntoacceptunpleasantfeelingsassomethingthatmustbesuffered,weperformbetterandourperceptionofeffortreduces.Beforeamarathonwedothisby"preparingourselves"forthediscomfortahead.Theaimisnottomakeittooscarybuttrytocontrolorresistthefears.17.Youhavealongdayinfrontofyou,soyoumayaswelltrytoenjoyit.Youcandistractyourselffromthemilesaheadbylookingforthingstomakeyousmile.18.Anythingthatgivesyouarelieffromthediscomfortinyourbodyisfairgame.19.Chunkingisatechniquewhereyoubreakdownthedistanceintobitsthatfeelmuchmoremanageableandhaveagoaloratreatforeachone.Youcanchunkintodistance,landmarks,placesyou'llseesupportersorbasedonnutritionconsumption.Finally,keepinginmindyourtechnique,createyourinstructionalsecret,whichistheshortphraseyourepeatinyourheadtoremindyourbodyhowyourunatyourbest.20.Mineis"headup"butyoursmightbeaboutyourbodyposition,placementortechnique.So,headupintoyourmarathon,smilewhenitgetstrickyandpickatooltomakeitfeeleasier.A.Keepyourheadup,lookforwardandrun.B.Youcandoiteachtimeyoupassadrinksstation.C.Acceptthefactthatyouaredoingsomethingdifficult.D.Realizingyouhavedozensofmilestoruncanbefearful.E.Theycanbethebestsupportersigns,oryourfavoritecostumesF.Itisoftenthephraseacoachwouldremindyouaboutinatrainingsession.G.Motivationisusuallyeasytofindbutperceptionofeffortneedsmorethought.【答案】16.G;17.C;18.E;19.D;20.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让马拉松跑得更轻松的方法。备选项的中文意思:A.抬起头,向前看,奔跑吧。B.每次经过补给站时,你都可以做到这一点。C.接受你正在做一件困难的事情这一事实。D.意识到你要跑几十英里可能会令人感到害怕。E.它们可以是最好的加油标语,或者是你最喜欢的服装。F.这通常是教练在训练时会提醒你的一句话。G.动机通常很容易找到,但对努力程度的感知则需要更多思考。

【点评】考查任务型阅读(七选五)。解题技巧如下:1.看首段,跳过空格快速通读全篇,了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在,首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2.首先快速浏览一遍七个备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3.精读空格前后两句,利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子,而这些句子与句子之间,必然有一种联系,因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性,从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4.看选项,找出与空前空后句中心词同义,近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接,先易后难,各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5.解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词,连词等。如表示转折关系的but,though,however等。6.做完后,通读全文。将所选项放入空白处,通读一遍,看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。16.根据前文"Marathonrunnersgettoinfluencetheireffort-baseddecisionmakingintwoways:firstlybyincreasingtheirmotivationand,oncethatismaxedout,byreducingperceptionofeffort,whichcanbebetterthoughtofas"makingitfeeleasier".(马拉松跑者可以通过两种方式影响其基于努力的决策:首先是提高动机,而当动机达到最大值后,则通过降低对努力程度的感知,这可以理解为"让跑步感觉更轻松")"可知,此处在讲述如何影响跑马拉松的决策:动机和努力程度,所以G项"Motivationisusuallyeasytofindbutperceptionofeffortneedsmorethought.(动机通常很容易找到,但对努力程度的感知则需要更多思考。)"是对前文提到的动机和努力程度的进一步说明,并引出下文"Butherearesometechniquestomakethatmarathonfeelmoreachievable.(但这里有一些技巧可以让你觉得马拉松更容易实现)"符合语境。故选G。17.根据前文"Studieshavefoundifwelearntoacceptunpleasantfeelingsassomethingthatmustbesuffered,weperformbetterandourperceptionofeffortreduces.Beforeamarathonwedothisby"preparingourselves"forthediscomfortahead.Theaimisnottomakeittooscarybuttrytocontrolorresistthefears.(研究发现,如果我们学会接受不愉快的感觉,把它当作必须忍受的事情,我们的表现会更好,努力的感觉也会减少。在跑马拉松之前,我们会为前面的不适"做好准备"。这样做的目的不是让它变得太可怕,而是试图控制或抵制恐惧)"可知,本段主要讲述学会接受不愉快的感觉,所以C项"Acceptthefactthatyouaredoingsomethingdifficult.(接受你正在做一件困难的事情这一事实。)"符合本段主题,是对前文的总结。故选C。18.根据前文"Youhavealongdayinfrontofyou,soyoumayaswelltrytoenjoyit.Youcandistractyourselffromthemilesaheadbylookingforthingstomakeyousmile.(你的面前有漫长的一天,所以你不妨试着享受它。你可以通过寻找让你微笑的事情来转移自己的注意力)"可知,本段主要讲述通过寻找让你微笑的事情来转移自己的注意力,所以E项"Theycanbethebestsupportersigns,oryourfavoritecostumes.(它们可以是最好的加油标语,或者是你最喜欢的服装。)"承接上文,是对上文方法的具体举例。故选E。19.设空位于段首,是本段的中心句,根据后文"Chunkingisatechniquewhereyoubreakdownthedistanceintobitsthatfeelmuchmoremanageableandhaveagoaloratreatforeachone.Youcanchunkintodistance,landmarks,placesyou'llseesupportersorbasedonnutritionconsumption.(分块是一种技巧,你可以将距离分解成更容易管理的小块,并为每个小块设定目标或奖励。你可以根据距离、地标、你会看到支持者的地方或营养消耗来划分)"可知,本段是讲述把马拉松进行分段,所以D项"Realizingyouhavedozensofmilestoruncanbefearful.(意识到你要跑几十英里可能会令人感到害怕。)"能够衔接下文,符合本段主题。故选D。20.根据前文"Finally,keepinginmindyourtechnique,createyourinstructionalsecret,whichistheshortphraseyourepeatinyourheadtoremindyourbodyhowyourunatyourbest.(最后,记住你的技巧,创造你的指导秘诀,这是你在脑海中重复的简短短语,提醒你的身体你如何达到最佳状态)"以及后文"Mineis"headup"butyoursmightbeaboutyourbodyposition,placementortechnique.(我的是"抬头",但你的可能是关于你的身体位置,位置或技术)"可知,本段主要讲述在脑海中重复的简短短语,提醒你的身体你如何达到最佳状态,所以F项"Itisoftenthephraseacoachwouldremindyouaboutinatrainingsession.(这通常是教练在训练时会提醒你的一句话。)"承接上文,引出下文,符合语境。故选F。三、第三部分,语言运用,第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Twodecadesago,Babarwasoneofthefewchildrenattendingschool.Theschoolwasfree,butfewfamiliescouldaffordthebooks,21.andridethere.Whenhearrivedhome,hisfriends—whohadbeenmadetodofarmworkorhouseworkallday—were22.toknowwhatBabarhadlearned.Seeingchildrenhisageoryoungereitherworkingorjust23.withnothingtodo,Babarthoughtthatthey24.tostudylikehim,sohedecidedtogivethemthat25..EveryafternoonafterthatBabar26.lessonsunderatreeinhisbackyard,27.his"students"exactlywhathehadlearnedinschoolthatday."Ofcourse,withmostofthemIhadtostartwiththealphabet(字母表),"hesays."ButIwouldstill28.whatIhadlearnedinschoolwithwhattheyknew,sotheywouldgraspthe29.ofthatlessoneasily."Alackofreadingandwritingmaterialwasaproblem,soBabar30.awritingboardoutofanolddoorsheet,andusedoldnewspapersasreadingmaterial.Initially,he31.forbrokenchalkpiecesfromhis32.atschool,butwhentheyrealizedwhathewasdoing,they33.gavehimnewboxesofchalk.After20yearsBabarhasmovedonfromteaching34.underatree.Nowheplansto35.freeschoolsacrossthecountry.21.A.blackboards B.uniforms C.courses D.taxes22.A.content B.hesitant C.eager D.fortunate23.A.runningoff B.hangingaroundC.settlingdown D.pullingover24.A.deserved B.hated C.rushed D.aimed25.A.application B.expense C.commitment D.opportunity26.A.reserved B.selected C.ordered D.held27.A.educating B.giving C.returning D.writing28.A.fill B.connect C.exchange D.mix29.A.sign B.book C.core D.note30.A.fashioned B.carved C.grew D.dug31.A.asked B.paid C.sent D.searched32.A.students B.partners C.teachers D.presidents33.A.madly B.gladly C.fully D.wisely34.A.guys B.classmates C.adults D.friends35.A.witness B.rent C.investigate D.run【答案】21.B;22.C;23.B;24.A;25.D;26.D;27.A;28.B;29.C;30.A;31.D;32.C;33.B;34.D;35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Babar的故事,从他小时候的学习经历,到他决定自己教授他的朋友,再到他计划在全国范围内开办免费学校的过程。

【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章,跳过缺失的单词,再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义,最后对选项进行对比分析,选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文,把握大意。在开始答题之前,应先通读全文,了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图,把握文章的整体思路,为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析,逐一排查。对于每一个空,要仔细分析所给的选项,逐一排查,选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下,完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等,要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文,理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案,这时需要结合上下文,理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析,确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多,如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时,要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。21.句意:学校是免费的,但很少有家庭负担得起上学所需的书籍、校服和乘车费用。A.blackboards黑板;B.uniforms制服;C.courses课程;D.taxes税收。根据前文"Theschoolwasfree,butfewfamiliescouldaffordthebooks"可知,学校免费,空处和前文的books以及后文的ride并列,都是和上学有关的费用,所以uniforms符合语境。故选B。22.句意:当他回到家时,他的朋友们——他们整天都被迫干农活或做家务——都渴望地想知道Babar学到了什么。A.content满足的;B.hesitant犹豫的;C.eager渴望的;D.fortunate幸运的。根据后文"knowwhatBabarhadlearned"结合选项可知,应是"渴望地想知道Babar学到了什么"符合语境。故选C。23.句意:看到和他同龄或更小的孩子们要么在工作,要么无所事事地闲逛,Babar认为他们也应该像他一样有学习的机会,于是他决定给他们这个机会。A.runningoff逃跑;B.hangingaround闲逛;C.settlingdown定居;D.pullingover靠边停车。根据后文"nothingtodo"可知,没有什么事做的话,应是在闲逛。故选B。24.句意:看到和他同龄或更小的孩子们要么在工作,要么无所事事地闲逛,Babar认为他们也应该像他一样有学习的机会,于是他决定给他们这个机会。A.deserved值得;B.hated厌恶;C.rushed急忙;D.aimed瞄准。根据前文"Seeingchildrenhisageoryoungereitherworkingorjust3withnothingtodo"以及后文"tostudylikehim"可知,Babar认为这些孩子要么在工作,要么无所事事地闲逛,他们也应该有学习的机会。故选A。25.句意:看到和他同龄或更小的孩子们要么在工作,要么无所事事地闲逛,Babar认为他们也应该像他一样有学习的机会,于是他决定给他们这个机会。A.application应用;B.expense费用;C.commitment承诺;D.opportunity机会。根据前文"Babarthoughtthatthey4tostudylikehim"可知,Babar认为这些孩子也应该有学习的机会,所以决定给他们这个机会。故选D。26.句意:从那以后,Babar每天下午都在他家后院的一棵树下上课,把他当天在学校学到的东西教给他的"学生"。A.reserved预订;B.selected选择;C.ordered命令;D.held举行。根据后文"7his"students"exactlywhathehadlearnedinschoolthatday"可知,Babar把他当天在学校学到的东西教给他的"学生",所以是在他家后院的一棵树下举行课程。故选D。27.句意:从那以后,Babar每天下午都在他家后院的一棵树下上课,把他当天在学校学到的东西教给他的"学生"。A.educating教育;B.giving给予;C.returning返回;D.writing写作。根据前文"EveryafternoonafterthatBabar6lessonsunderatreeinhisbackyard"可知,Babar在他家后院的一棵树下举行课程,所以是把他当天在学校学到的东西教给他的"学生"。故选A。28.句意:但我仍然会把我在学校学到的东西和他们所学的东西联系起来,这样他们就能很容易地掌握这一课的核心内容。A.fill填充;B.connect连接;C.exchange交换;D.mix混合。根据后文"whatIhadlearnedinschoolwithwhattheyknew,sotheywouldgraspthe9ofthatlessoneasily."结合选项可知,应是Babar把在学校学到的东西和他们所学的东西联系起来,符合语境。故选B。29.句意:但我仍然会把我在学校学到的东西和他们所学的东西联系起来,这样他们就能很容易地掌握这一课的核心内容。A.sign标志;B.book书籍;C.core核心;D.note笔记。根据前文"ButIwouldstill8whatIhadlearnedinschoolwithwhattheyknew"可知,Babar把在学校学到的东西和他们所学的东西联系起来,所以他们就能很容易地掌握这一课的核心内容。故选C。30.句意:缺乏阅读和写作的材料是一个问题,所以Babar用旧门板做了一块书写板,并用旧报纸作为阅读材料。A.fashioned制作;B.carved雕刻;C.grew生长;D.dug挖掘。根据前文"Alackofreadingandwritingmaterialwasaproblem"以及后文"awritingboardoutofanolddoorsheet"可知,因为缺乏阅读和写作的材料,所以Babar用旧门板做了一块书写板。故选A。31.句意:起初,他从学校的老师那里寻找破碎的粉笔碎片,但当他们意识到他在做什么时,他们很高兴地给了他新的粉笔盒。A.asked询问;B.paid支付;C.sent发送;D.searched搜索。根据后文"gavehimnewboxesofchalk"可知,起初Babar应是从学校的老师那里寻找破碎的粉笔碎片,后来老师送他新的粉笔盒。故选D。32.句意:起初,他从学校的老师那里寻找破碎的粉笔碎片,但当他们意识到他在做什么时,他们很高兴地给了他新的粉笔盒。A.students学生;B.partners伙伴;C.teachers教师;D.pre

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