2026年英语语法与词汇高阶语法结构专项练习题

2026年英语语法与词汇高阶语法结构专项练习题一、名词性从句改错题（共5题，每题2分）题目：1.Thenewsthatthecompanywilllayoff20%ofitsemployeesnextmonthisverysurprising.2.Whathesaidatthemeetingiswhatweneedtodiscussnow.3.Whethertheprojectwillbeapprovedornotdependsonthemarketconditions.4.ItisimportantthatweshouldcompletethereportbyFriday.5.Thereasonwhyshewaslateforthemeetingwasthatshemissedthebus.答案与解析：1.错误：应改为"Thenewsthatthecompanywilllayoff20%ofitsemployeesnextmonthisverysurprising."解析：同位语从句中，"that"只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，且不可省略。2.错误：应改为"Whathesaidatthemeetingiswhatweneedtodiscussnow."解析：表语从句中，"what"充当主语和宾语，不可替换为其他连词。3.正确。4.错误：应改为"ItisimportantthatwecompletethereportbyFriday."解析：在"itisimportant/necessary/essentialthat..."句型中，"should"可省略，主语从句需用虚拟语气，动词用原形。5.错误：应改为"Thereasonwhyshewaslateforthemeetingwasthatshemissedthebus."解析：同位语从句中，"that"不可省略且不充当句子成分，而"why"引导的从句不能直接作"reason"的定语。二、定语从句改错题（共6题，每题2分）题目：1.Thebookwhichyourecommendedlastweekisveryinteresting.2.Themanagerwhoisinchargeofthenewprojectisverystrict.3.Thestudentswhoarestudyinginthelibrarynowwillattendthemeetingtomorrow.4.Thecompanywhichwasfoundedin1998hasexpandedrapidly.5.Thewomanwhosesonisadoctorworksinahospital.6.Thecarthatwasstolenlastnightwasfoundinthesuburbs.答案与解析：1.正确。2.错误：应改为"Themanagerwhoisinchargeofthenewprojectisverystrict."解析：关系代词"who"指代"manager"，且在从句中作主语，不可替换为"that"。3.错误：应改为"Thestudentswhoarestudyinginthelibrarynowwillattendthemeetingtomorrow."解析：关系代词"who"指代"students"，且在从句中作主语，不可省略。4.错误：应改为"Thecompanywhichwasfoundedin1998hasexpandedrapidly."解析：关系代词"which"指代"company"，在从句中作主语，不可替换为"that"。5.正确。6.错误：应改为"Thecarthatwasstolenlastnightwasfoundinthesuburbs."解析：关系代词"that"指代"car"，且在从句中作主语，不可替换为"which"。三、状语从句改错题（共7题，每题2分）题目：1.Whenhearrivedattheoffice,hefoundthatthemeetinghadalreadystarted.2.Shedidnotgotothepartybecauseshewastootired.3.Assoonasthebossarrived,themeetingbegan.4.Themanagerworkshardsothathecanearnmoremoney.5.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.6.Althoughitwaslate,hecontinuedtowork.7.Whilethestudentswerehavinglunch,theteacherwaspreparingthelesson.答案与解析：1.正确。2.正确。3.正确。4.错误：应改为"Themanagerworkshardsothathecanearnmoremoney."解析：在"sothat"引导的目的状语从句中，从句主语省略"he"不影响语法，但动词用原形。5.正确。6.正确。7.正确。四、虚拟语气改错题（共5题，每题2分）题目：1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.2.Shewouldhavefinishedtheprojectbynowifshehadmoretime.3.Ifwehadknownabouttheproblemearlier,wecouldhavesolvedit.4.Itisimportantthatthemanagershouldattendthemeeting.5.Hadthecompanyinvestedinnewtechnology,itwouldhavegrownfaster.答案与解析：1.正确。2.正确。3.正确。4.错误：应改为"Itisimportantthatthemanagerattendthemeeting."解析：在"itisimportant/essential/necessarythat..."句型中，从句需用虚拟语气，动词用原形，"should"可省略。5.正确。五、非谓语动词改错题（共6题，每题2分）题目：1.Thecompanylaunchedanewproducttoattractmorecustomers.2.Havingfinishedthereport,hewenthomeimmediately.3.ThemanageraskedmetofinishtheprojectbyFriday.4.Shewenttotheconferencetogiveaspeech.5.Thestudentsareexcitedaboutwinningthecompetition.6.Havingstudiedhard,shepassedtheexameasily.答案与解析：1.正确。2.正确。3.正确。4.错误：应改为"Shewenttotheconferencetogiveaspeech."解析：不定式"togiveaspeech"作目的状语，不可省略。5.正确。6.正确。六、特殊句式改错题（共5题，每题2分）题目：1.Itisnecessaryforustofinishtheprojectontime.2.Thecompanyisknownforitsinnovativeproducts.3.Itisimportantthateveryoneshouldfollowtherules.4.Themanagerisresponsiblefortheteam'ssuccess.5.Itisbelievedthattheeconomywillimprovenextyear.答案与解析：1.正确。2.正确。3.错误：应改为"Itisimportantthateveryonefollowtherules."解析：在"itisimportant/essential/necessarythat..."句型中，从句需用虚拟语气，动词用原形，"should"可省略。4.正确。5.正确。七、独立主格结构改错题（共4题，每题2分）题目：1.Themeetinghavingbeenpostponed,wedecidedtoleaveearly.2.Themanagerhavingfinishedthereport,hewenthome.3.Thecompanyhavinginvestedinnewtechnology,ithasgrownrapidly.4.Thestudentshavingstudiedhard,theypassedtheexameasily.答案与解析：1.正确。2.错误：应改为"Themanagerhavingfinishedthereport,hewenthome."解析：独立主格结构中，"themanager"和"he"指代不同主体，需用分词短语独立表达。3.错误：应改为"Thecompanyhavinginvestedinnewtechnol