初中英语语法重点归纳与习题

初中英语语法重点归纳与习题英语语法是构建语言体系的骨架，对于初中生而言，扎实掌握基础语法知识，不仅能帮助他们正确理解和运用英语，更是未来深入学习的基石。本文将对初中阶段核心的英语语法点进行梳理归纳，并辅以针对性的练习题，希望能为同学们的学习提供切实的帮助。一、核心语法点归纳（一）时态(Tenses)时态是英语中用以表示动作发生时间及状态的重要手段，初中阶段需重点掌握以下几种：1.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)*用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；表示客观事实或真理。*构成：主语+动词原形(第三人称单数作主语时，动词后加-s/-es)。*例句：Sheoftenreadsbooksintheevening.(经常性动作)/Theearthgoesaroundthesun.(客观真理)2.一般过去时(SimplePastTense)*用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。*构成：主语+动词的过去式。*例句：Iwenttotheparkyesterday./Hewashappylastnight.3.一般将来时(SimpleFutureTense)*用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。*构成：will/shall+动词原形；begoingto+动词原形。*例句：Iwillvisitmygrandparentstomorrow./Itisgoingtorainsoon.4.现在进行时(PresentContinuousTense)*用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。*构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词(-ing形式)。*例句：Theyareplayingbasketballnow./Mymotheriscookingdinner.（二）名词(Nouns)1.单复数：可数名词有单数和复数形式，复数变化规则需牢记（如加-s,-es,不规则变化等）。*例：book-books,box-boxes,man-men,child-children。2.所有格：表示所属关系。单数名词后加's，复数名词以s结尾的只加'，不以s结尾的加's。*例：Tom'sbag,students'classroom,Children'sDay。（三）代词(Pronouns)1.人称代词：主格(I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they)和宾格(me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them)。2.物主代词：形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their)和名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs)。3.指示代词：this,that,these,those。4.反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves。（四）动词(Verbs)*例：Sheisbeautiful./Themusicsoundsgreat.2.情态动词：can,may,must,should,will等，后接动词原形，表示能力、许可、推测、义务等。*例：Icanswim./Youmustobeytherules.（五）形容词(Adjectives)和副词(Adverbs)1.形容词：修饰名词，作定语或表语。*例：aredapple(定语),Theappleisred(表语)。2.副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，常表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。*例：Herunsfast.(修饰动词)/Sheisveryhappy.(修饰形容词)3.比较级和最高级：部分形容词和副词有比较级(more+原级或原级+er)和最高级(most+原级或原级+est)。*例：tall-taller-tallest;beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful。（六）介词(Prepositions)表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，如时间介词(in,on,at)、地点介词(in,on,under,behind)等。*例：inthemorning,onMonday,atsixo'clock;onthedesk,underthechair。（七）句子的基本结构(BasicSentenceStructure)1.主谓宾(SVO)：主语+谓语动词+宾语。*例：IloveEnglish.2.主系表(SVP)：主语+系动词+表语。*例：Sheisastudent.3.基本句型：陈述句、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）、祈使句、感叹句。（八）冠词(Articles)1.不定冠词：a(用于辅音音素开头的单词前),an(用于元音音素开头的单词前)，表示“一个”。*例：abook,anapple。2.定冠词：the，表示特指。*例：thesun,thegirlinred。二、针对性练习题（一）单项选择(Choosethebestanswer)1.Myfatherusually______newspapersafterdinner.A.readB.readsC.readingD.toread2.They______toBeijinglastsummerholiday.A.goB.willgoC.wentD.goes3.Look!Thechildren______happilyinthepark.A.playB.playsC.playedD.areplaying4.Therearetwo______onthetable.A.appleB.applesC.apple'sD.apples'5.Thisisnotmybook.______isonthedesk.A.MyB.MineC.ID.Me6.Shecan______Englishverywell.A.speakB.speaksC.spokeD.tospeak7.Winteris______seasonoftheyear.A.coldB.colderC.coldestD.thecoldest8.Weusuallyhavelunch______12:00.A.inB.onC.atD.for（二）用所给词的适当形式填空(Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords)1.He______(watch)TVeveryevening.2.They______(visit)theirteacheryesterday.3.I______(go)tothecinematomorrow.4.ThisisTom'sbook.Whereis______(I)?5.Sheisgoodat______(sing).6.Mybrotheris______(tall)thanme.7.Therearemany______(child)inthepark.8.Please______(close)thewindow.It'scold.（三）句型转换(SentenceTransformation)1.TomplaysfootballeverySunday.(改为否定句)Tom____________footballeverySunday.2.TheywenttotheGreatWalllastmonth.(改为一般疑问句)______they______totheGreatWalllastmonth?3.Sheisreadingastorybooknow.(对划线部分提问)______isshe______now?4.Theredpenismine.(对划线部分提问)____________isyours?三、习题答案与解析（一）单项选择1.B(usually提示一般现在时，主语Myfather为第三人称单数)2.C(lastsummerholiday提示一般过去时)3.D(Look!提示现在进行时)4.B(two修饰可数名词复数)5.B(名词性物主代词，相当于mybook)6.A(情态动词can后接动词原形)7.D(oftheyear表示范围，用最高级，且最高级前加the)8.C(具体时刻前用介词at)（二）用所给词的适当形式填空1.watches(everyevening提示一般现在时，主语He为第三人称单数)2.visited(yesterday提示一般过去时)3.willgo/amgoing(tomorrow提示一般将来时)4.mine(名词性物主代词，相当于mybook)5.singing(begoodatdoingsth.擅长做某事)6.taller(than提示用比较级)7.children(many修饰可数名词复数，child的复数是children)8.close(祈使句用动词原形开头)（三）句型转换1.doesn'tplay(一般现在时，主语Tom为第三人称单数，否定句借助助动词doesn't，后接动词原形)2.Did,go(一般过去时的一般疑问句，借助助动词D