2026年IT技术专业英语考试题集

2026年IT技术专业英语考试题集一、选择题（每题2分，共20题）1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthecloudcomputingservicemodelaccordingtotheNISTframework?A)IaaS(InfrastructureasaService)B)PaaS(PlatformasaService)C)SaaS(SoftwareasaService)D)DaaS(DataasaService)2.Whatdoestheacronym'BERT'standforinthecontextofnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)?A)BaseEncoderRepresentationTransformerB)BidirectionalEncoderRepresentationsfromTransformersC)BasicEvaluationofRecurrentTransformersD)BigEfficientRobustTransformer3.Whichprotocolisprimarilyusedforsecurefiletransfersovertheinternet?A)FTP(FileTransferProtocol)B)SCP(SecureCopyProtocol)C)SFTP(SecureFileTransferProtocol)D)TFTP(TrivialFileTransferProtocol)4.Incybersecurity,whatdoestheterm'zero-dayexploit'referto?A)AvulnerabilitythathasbeenpatchedbutisstillexploitedB)AvulnerabilitythatisunknowntothesoftwarevendorC)AvulnerabilitythatisintentionallycreatedbyattackersD)Avulnerabilitythatiseasilyfixedwithbasicsecuritymeasures5.Whichofthefollowingisakeycharacteristicofblockchaintechnology?A)CentralizedcontrolB)ImmutableledgerC)HighlatencyD)Limitedscalability6.Whatdoestheterm'RESTfulAPI'standfor?A)RepresentationalStateTransferApplicationProgrammingInterfaceB)ReliableExtensiontoSecureTransactionsAPIC)RapidExtensiontoStandardizedTechnologyAPID)ResponsiveExtensiontoTechnologyAPI7.Whichdatabasemodelismostsuitableformanaginghierarchicaldata?A)RelationaldatabaseB)NoSQLdatabaseC)HierarchicaldatabaseD)Graphdatabase8.Whatistheprimarypurposeofafirewallinnetworksecurity?A)ToencryptdataintransitB)TopreventunauthorizedaccessC)TooptimizenetworkperformanceD)Tostorenetworklogs9.WhichofthefollowingisaPythonlibraryusedfordataanalysisandvisualization?A)PandasB)TensorFlowC)FlaskD)Django10.Whatdoestheterm'DevOps'emphasizeinsoftwaredevelopment?A)ManualtestingB)ContinuousintegrationanddeliveryC)TraditionalwaterfallmethodologyD)Agiledevelopmentwithoutautomation二、填空题（每题2分，共10题）1.Theprocessofbreakingdownlargesoftwareprojectsintosmaller,manageablepartsisknownas_________.2.Theacronym'AI'standsfor_________inthecontextofartificialintelligence.3.A_________isasetofrulesandprotocolsthatgoverndatacommunicationovertheinternet.4.Theterm'BigData'typicallyreferstodatasetsthatare_________,complex,andvaryrapidly.5.Incybersecurity,theprincipleof_________statesthatleastprivilegeshouldbegrantedtousers.6.Theprogramminglanguage_________iswidelyusedforwebdevelopment.7.A_________isadecentralizeddigitalledgerthatrecordstransactionsacrossmultiplecomputers.8.Theterm'API'standsfor_________inthecontextofsoftwareintegration.9.Theprocessoftrainingamachinelearningmodelonadatasetisknownas_________.10.Theterm'IoT'standsfor_________inthecontextofinternet-connecteddevices.三、简答题（每题5分，共5题）1.Explainthedifferencebetween'IaaS'and'PaaS'incloudcomputing.2.Whatarethethreeprimarycomponentsofablockchainnetwork?3.Describetheroleofa'databasemanagementsystem'(DBMS)inorganizingdata.4.Whatarethekeydifferencesbetween'SQL'and'NoSQL'databases?5.Explaintheconceptof'cybersecurity'anditsimportanceinmodernIT.四、翻译题（每题10分，共2题）1.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtextintoChinese:"Artificialintelligence(AI)isabranchofcomputersciencethataimstocreatemachinescapableofperformingtasksthattypicallyrequirehumanintelligence,suchaslearning,reasoning,andproblem-solving."2.TranslatethefollowingChinesetextintoEnglish:"云计算是一种通过互联网提供按需服务的计算模式，包括基础设施即服务（IaaS）、平台即服务（PaaS）和软件即服务（SaaS）。"五、论述题（每题15分，共2题）1.Discussthebenefitsandchallengesofadoptingcloudcomputinginenterpriseenvironments.2.Explainhowmachinelearningcontributestothefieldofcybersecurityandprovideexamples.答案与解析一、选择题1.D)DaaS(DataasaService)-NISTdefinescloudcomputingmodelsasIaaS,PaaS,andSaaS.DaaSisnotpartofthisframework.2.B)BidirectionalEncoderRepresentationsfromTransformers-BERTisatransformer-basedmodelthatusesbidirectionalcontextforNLPtasks.3.C)SFTP(SecureFileTransferProtocol)-SFTPprovidessecurefiletransfersoverSSH.FTPandTFTParelesssecure,whileSCPisolderandlessrobust.4.B)Avulnerabilitythatisunknowntothesoftwarevendor-Zero-dayexploitstargetunpatchedvulnerabilitiesbeforedevelopersareawareofthem.5.B)Immutableledger-Blockchain'skeyfeatureisitsdecentralized,tamper-proofledger.6.A)RepresentationalStateTransferApplicationProgrammingInterface-RESTfulAPIsfollowtheRESTarchitecturalstyleforwebservices.7.C)Hierarchicaldatabase-Hierarchicaldatabasesaredesignedtostoreparent-childrelationships.8.B)Topreventunauthorizedaccess-Firewallsactasabarrierbetweentrustedanduntrustednetworks.9.A)Pandas-PandasisusedfordatamanipulationandanalysisinPython.10.B)Continuousintegrationanddelivery-DevOpsemphasizesautomationandcollaborationinsoftwaredevelopment.二、填空题1.Modularization2.ArtificialIntelligence3.Protocolsuite4.Volume-intensive,varied,andvelocity-oriented5.Principleofleastprivilege6.JavaScript7.Blockchain8.ApplicationProgrammingInterface9.Modeltraining10.InternetofThings三、简答题1.Differencebetween'IaaS'and'PaaS':-IaaS(InfrastructureasaService):Providesvirtualizedcomputingresourceslikeservers,storage,andnetworking.Usersmanagetheoperatingsystemandapplications.-PaaS(PlatformasaService):Offersaplatformfordeveloping,running,andmanagingapplications.Usersdon’tmanageinfrastructurebutfocusonapplicationlogic.2.Threeprimarycomponentsofablockchainnetwork:-Nodes:Distributedcomputersthatmaintaintheblockchain.-Consensusmechanism:Ensurestransactionvalidity(e.g.,ProofofWork).-Smartcontracts:Self-executingcontractswithpredefinedrules.3.Roleofa'DBMS':-Organizesdataintostructuredformats(e.g.,tables).Managesdatastorage,retrieval,andsecurity.Supportstransactions,indexing,andqueryoptimization.4.Keydifferencesbetween'SQL'and'NoSQL':-SQL(Relational):Usesstructuredquerylanguage,supportsACIDtransactions,andistable-based.-NoSQL(Non-relational):Flexibleschema,scalablehorizontally,andsuitedforunstructureddata(e.g.,MongoDB,Redis).5.Conceptof'cybersecurity':-Protectssystems,networks,anddatafromdigitalattacks.Includesmeasur