2026年法律英语阅读理解与翻译能力测试题目

2026年法律英语阅读理解与翻译能力测试题目第一部分：阅读理解（共5题，每题2分，合计10分）说明：请仔细阅读以下文章，并根据问题选择最恰当的答案。Passage1(2分/题×5题)Title:Cross-BorderDataProtectionintheDigitalEraTheincreasingglobalizationofdataflowshaspromptedregulatorsworldwidetostrengthenprivacyprotections.TheEuropeanUnion’sGeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR)remainsthegoldstandard,imposingstrictrequirementsoncompaniesprocessingpersonaldataofEUcitizens.Meanwhile,theUnitedStateshasadoptedasectoralapproach,withlawsliketheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)andthefederalDataProtectionActof2023.Thesemeasuresaimtobalanceinnovationwithindividualrights,buttheyalsocreatecompliancechallengesformultinationalcorporations.Criticsarguethatoverlyrestrictiveregulationsstifletechnologicaladvancement,whileproponentsemphasizetheneedtosafeguardconsumerprivacyinaneraofmasssurveillance.Thetensionbetweenthesetwoperspectiveshasledtoongoingdebatesamongpolicymakers,businesses,andadvocacygroups.AsAIandcloudcomputingcontinuetoevolve,thelegalframeworkfordataprotectionmustadapttonewrisksandchallenges.Questions:1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)TocriticizetheGDPRforbeingtoorestrictive.B)TohighlightthedifferencesbetweenU.S.andEUdataprotectionlaws.C)Todiscussthechallengesofglobaldataprotectionregulation.D)ToadvocateforstrongerprivacylawsintheU.S.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheU.S.approachtodataprotection?A)Acomprehensive,region-wideregulationliketheGDPR.B)Asectoralapproachwithmultiplestateandfederallaws.C)Completerelianceoninternationalstandards.D)Noregulationatall.3.Whatisthekeytensionmentionedinthepassage?A)Theconflictbetweenconsumerprivacyandbusinessinnovation.B)ThedisagreementbetweenEuropeandtheU.S.C)ThedebateoverAIregulation.D)Thechallengeofenforcingdataprotectionlawsglobally.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatmustthelegalframeworkfordataprotectiondo?A)Remainunchangeddespitetechnologicaladvancements.B)Prioritizebusinessinterestsoverconsumerrights.C)Adapttonewrisksandtechnologies.D)FocusonlyontheEUmarket.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowarddataprotectionregulations?A)Entirelysupportiveofstricterlaws.B)Neutral,asthepassagepresentsbothsides.C)CriticaloftheGDPR.D)BelievingthatU.S.lawsaresuperior.第二部分：翻译（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）说明：请将以下中文段落翻译成英文，注意法律术语的准确性。Paragraph1(4分/题×5题)中文原文：“根据《中华人民共和国民法典》第1027条，自然人的民事权利能力一律平等。任何组织或者个人不得侵犯他人的合法权益。侵权行为发生后，受害人有权请求侵权人承担民事责任，包括停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、恢复原状、赔偿损失等。但若侵权行为轻微，受害人可自愿和解，无需通过诉讼解决。”英文翻译要求：Ensurelegalaccuracyandformaltone.Usetermslike"civilliability,""infringement,"and"remedies."Paragraph2(4分/题×5题)中文原文：“美国《1933年证券法》第5条规定，任何人在州际或对外发行证券前，必须先获得证券交易委员会（SEC）的注册批准。未经注册的发行行为属于非法，发行人将面临巨额罚款甚至刑事指控。SEC有权要求发行人提交详细文件，包括财务报表、发行条款等，以确保投资者获得充分的信息披露。”英文翻译要求：Usetermslike"registrationstatement,""issuer,"and"disclosure."Maintainformallegallanguage.Paragraph3(4分/题×5题)中文原文：“英国《2015年刑法》第75条涉及电子监控的法律规制。未经他人同意，擅自安装摄像头或进行远程监听属于非法行为，可处最高两年监禁。但若执法部门在法院授权下进行监控，则属于合法取证手段。法律同时要求监控记录必须妥善保存，并接受司法审查。”英文翻译要求：Usetermslike"wiretapping,""eavesdropping,"and"judicialoversight."Ensurelegalprecision.Paragraph4(4分/题×5题)中文原文：“日本《专利法》第102条规定，发明人有权获得专利权，但若其发明属于政府资助项目，专利权应归国家所有。申请人必须在申请书中披露发明来源，包括是否涉及政府资助。未如实披露的，专利申请将被驳回。”英文翻译要求：Usetermslike"patentapplicant,""inventor,"and"government-fundedresearch."Maintainformallegalphrasing.Paragraph5(4分/题×5题)中文原文：“新加坡《2019年数据保护法案》第6条确立了数据主体的“被遗忘权”。个人有权要求企业删除其个人数据，除非存在法律规定的例外情况，如公共安全需求。企业必须在收到请求后30日内响应，并说明是否删除及理由。违反规定的企业将面临最高50万新元的罚款。”英文翻译要求：Usetermslike"datasubject,""righttoerasure,"and"non-compliancepenalties."Ensurelegalaccuracy.答案与解析第一部分：阅读理解答案与解析1.C(2分)解析：文章主要讨论全球数据保护法规的挑战，未偏向某一立场，故C为最佳答案。2.B(2分)解析：文中明确指出美国采用“sectoralapproach”并结合州级和联邦法律，故B正确。3.A(2分)解析：文章强调隐私保护与商业创新之间的矛盾，故A为正确答案。4.C(2分)解析：末句指出法律框架需适应新技术，故C最符合文意。5.B(2分)解析：文章平衡讨论了利弊，作者立场中立，故B正确。第二部分：翻译答案与解析Paragraph1答案(4分):"AccordingtoArticle1027oftheCivilCodeofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,thecivilcapacityofnaturalpersonsisequalinlaw.Noorganizationorindividualmayinfringeuponthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofothers.Whereaninfringementoccurs,thevictimhastherighttodemandcivilliabilityfromtheinfringer,includingmeasuressuchascessationofinfringement,removalofobstructions,eliminationofrisks,restorationoftheoriginalstate,andcompensationfordamages.However,iftheinfringementisminor,thevictimmayvoluntarilysettlethedisputewithoutresortingtolitigation."解析：准确使用了“civilcapacity,”“infringement,”“civilliability,”和“remedy”等法律术语，句式符合英文法律文本的被动语态和名词化结构。Paragraph2答案(4分):"Section5oftheU.S.SecuritiesActof1933stipulatesthatanypersonissuingsecuritiesacrossstatelinesortoforeignentitiesmustfirstobtainregistrationapprovalfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC).Unregisteredofferingsconstituteillegalacts,andissuersmayfaceheftyfinesorevencriminalcharges.TheSEChastheauthoritytorequireissuerstosubmitdetaileddocuments,includingfinancialstatementsandofferingterms,toensureadequateinvestordisclosure."解析：使用“registrationstatement,”“issuer,”和“disclosure”等术语，符合美国证券法的表述习惯。Paragraph3答案(4分):"Article75ofthe2015UKCriminalCodeaddressesthelegalregulationofelectronicsurveillance.Unauthorizedinstallationofcamerasorremotemonitoringwithoutconsentconstitutesanillegalactandmayresultinimprisonmentofuptotwoyears.However,lawfulsurveillanceconductedunderjudicialauthorizationbylawenforcementagenciesispermissible.Thelawalsomandatesthatsurveillancerecordsmustbeproperlyretainedandsubjecttojudicialoversight."解析：准确翻译了“wiretapping,”“eavesdropping,”和“judicialoversight”等术语，句式正式。Paragraph4答案(4分):"Article102ofJapan’sPatentActstatesthataninventorhastherighttoobtainpatentprotection,butiftheinventionisderivedfromgovernment-fundedresearch,thepatentrightsshallbelongtothestate.Applicantsmustdisclosethesourceoftheinventionintheapplication,includingwhetheritinvolvesgovernmentfunding.Failuretodosomayleadtoth