生物技术专业英语词汇检测试题及答案

生物技术专业英语词汇检测试题及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________一、单选题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Theprocessofinsertingaforeigngeneintoahostorganismiscalled______.A)GeneamplificationB)GenecloningC)GeneexpressionD)Genesequencing2.AvectorusedtocarryforeignDNAintoabacterialcellis______.A)PlasmidB)mRNAC)RibosomeD)Enzyme3.Theterm"PCR"standsfor______.A)PolymeraseChainReactionB)ProteinCrystallographyC)ProtonConductanceRatioD)PhotochemicalReaction4.TheenzymeresponsibleforcuttingDNAatspecificsequencesis______.A)LigaseB)PolymeraseC)RestrictionendonucleaseD)Helicase5.TheprocessofcreatingmultiplecopiesofaspecificDNAfragmentiscalled______.A)TranscriptionB)TranslationC)CloningD)Replication6.AtechniqueusedtoseparateDNAfragmentsbasedonsizeis______.A)ElectrophoresisB)ChromatographyC)SpectrophotometryD)Westernblotting7.Theterm"ELISA"standsfor______.A)Enzyme-LinkedImmunosorbentAssayB)ExponentialLinearImmunizationSystemC)Enzyme-LabeledImmunoglobulinAnalysisD)ElectrolyticLiquidImmunosorbentAssay8.Aproteinusedtodetectthepresenceofaspecificantigenis______.A)AntibodyB)AntigenC)EnzymeD)Nucleotide9.TheprocessofconvertingDNAintoRNAiscalled______.A)ReplicationB)TranscriptionC)TranslationD)Reversetranscription10.AtechniqueusedtoamplifyRNAsequencesis______.A)RT-PCRB)RFLPC)FISHD)CRISPR二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Theprocessofcreatingmultiplecopiesofageneiscalled______.2.Amoleculethatcarriesgeneticinformationfromonegenerationtothenextiscalleda______.3.TheenzymethatjoinsDNAfragmentstogetheriscalled______.4.ThetechniqueusedtoidentifyspecificDNAsequencesiscalled______.5.Theprocessoftransferringgeneticmaterialfromoneorganismtoanotheriscalled______.6.AsegmentofDNAthatcodesforaspecificproteiniscalleda______.7.TheprocessofconvertingRNAintoproteiniscalled______.8.Amoleculethatcarriesgeneticinstructionswithinacelliscalled______.9.ThetechniqueusedtodetectthepresenceofaspecificRNAsequenceiscalled______.10.TheprocessofmakingmultiplecopiesofRNAiscalled______.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.PCRisusedtoamplifyDNAsequences.(True/False)2.Plasmidsaresmall,circularDNAmoleculesfoundinbacteria.(True/False)3.RestrictionendonucleasescutDNAatspecificrecognitionsites.(True/False)4.ELISAisusedtodetectantibodiesinasample.(True/False)5.TranscriptionistheprocessofconvertingRNAintoDNA.(True/False)6.Electrophoresisisusedtoseparateproteinsbasedonsize.(True/False)7.Cloninginvolvesinsertingaforeigngeneintoahostorganism.(True/False)8.Westernblottingisusedtodetectproteins.(True/False)9.RT-PCRisusedtoamplifyRNAsequences.(True/False)10.CRISPRisatechniqueusedtoeditDNA.(True/False)四、简答题（总共3题，每题4分，总分12分）1.Explainthepurposeofaplasmidingeneticengineering.2.DescribethestepsinvolvedinPCR.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweentranscriptionandtranslation?五、应用题（总共2题，每题9分，总分18分）1.AresearcherwantstoamplifyaspecificDNAfragmentusingPCR.Thefragmentis500basepairslongandtheprimersareexpectedtobindatpositions100-200and300-400.DrawadiagramshowingtheDNAtemplate,primers,andtheexpectedamplificationproducts.2.AclinicallaboratoryisusingELISAtodetectantibodiesagainstaviralinfection.DescribethestepsinvolvedinperforminganELISAtestandexplainhowthepresenceofantibodiesisdetected.【标准答案及解析】一、单选题答案1.B2.A3.A4.C5.C6.A7.A8.A9.B10.A二、填空题答案1.Cloning2.Gene3.Ligase4.PCR5.Geneticengineering6.Gene7.Translation8.Gene9.RT-PCR10.Transcription三、判断题答案1.True2.True3.True4.True5.False6.False7.True8.True9.True10.True四、简答题解析1.Purposeofaplasmidingeneticengineering:-Plasmidsaresmall,circularDNAmoleculesthatcanreplicateindependentlyofchromosomalDNA.-Theyareusedasvectorstocarryforeigngenesintohostorganisms.-Plasmidscanbeengineeredtoincludegenesofinterest,makingthemusefulforcloning,geneexpression,andgeneticmodification.2.StepsinvolvedinPCR:-Denaturation:TheDNAsampleisheatedto95°Ctoseparatethedouble-strandedDNAintosinglestrands.-Annealing:Thetemperatureisloweredto55-65°Ctoallowprimerstobindtothesingle-strandedDNA.-Extension:Thetemperatureisraisedto72°C,andDNApolymeraseextendstheprimerstocreatenewDNAstrands.-Thesestepsarerepeatedfor25-35cyclestoamplifytheDNAfragment.3.Differencebetweentranscriptionandtranslation:-Transcription:TheprocessofconvertingDNAintoRNA.ItoccursinthenucleusandinvolvesRNApolymerasereadingtheDNAtemplatetosynthesizeRNA.-Translation:TheprocessofconvertingRNAintoprotein.ItoccursinthecytoplasmandinvolvesribosomesreadingthemRNAtosynthesizeproteins.五、应用题解析1.DiagramforPCRamplification:-DNAtemplate:500basepairslong,withprimersbindingatpositions100-200and300-400.-Primers:Forwardprimer(100-200)andreverseprimer(300-400).-Amplificationproducts:Twofragmentsof200basepairseach(100-300and200-400).```DNAtemplate:5'---[100-200]---[300-400]---3'Forwardprimer:5'---[100-200]---3'Reverseprimer:5'---[300-400]---3'Amplificationproducts:5'---[100-300]---3'(200bp)5'---[200-400]---3'(200bp)```2.ELISAteststepsandantibodydetection:-Steps:1.Coattheplate:Addtheantigentothewellsofamicroplateandincubatetobindtothesurface.2.Block