新目标人教版八年级英语下册unit3全单元知识点总结归纳及练习

同学们，学习英语就像搭建一座房子，词汇是砖瓦，句型是梁柱，语法是粘合剂。今天，我们就来系统梳理一下新目标人教版八年级英语下册Unit3的核心知识点，并通过练习加以巩固，希望能帮助大家筑牢基础，稳步提升。一、核心词汇梳理与拓展本单元的主题围绕“帮助与分担家务”展开，涉及大量描述家务劳动、请求与提供帮助的词汇。1.核心动词(KeyVerbs)*dochores(做家务):这是一个非常基础且常用的动词短语。*例：Weshouldhelpourparentsdochoresathome.(我们应该在家帮助父母做家务。)*fold(折叠):尤指折叠衣物、纸张等。*例：Couldyoupleasefoldyourclothes,Tom?(汤姆，你能把你的衣服叠好吗？)*拓展：foldtheclothes(叠衣服),foldthepaper(折纸)*sweep(打扫，清扫):主要指用扫帚清扫地面。*例：Iswepttheflooryesterday.(我昨天扫了地。)*拓展：sweepthefloor(扫地)*mop(用拖把擦地):*例：Mymommoppedthekitchenfloorthismorning.(我妈妈今天早上拖了厨房地板。)*拓展：mopthefloor(拖地)*takeout(取出，拿出):常与“垃圾”搭配。*例：Don’tforgettotakeoutthetrashbeforeyougoout.(出门前别忘了把垃圾拿出去。)*拓展：takeouttherubbish/trash(倒垃圾)*make(使整洁，整理):如整理床铺。*例：Youneedtomakeyourbedaftergettingup.(你起床后需要整理床铺。)*拓展：makethebed(铺床)*clean(打扫，清洁):泛指清洁各种物品或地方。*例：Sheiscleaningthelivingroomnow.(她现在正在打扫客厅。)*拓展：cleanthewindows(擦窗户),cleantheroom(打扫房间)*help(帮助):*例：CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?(你能帮我学英语吗？)*常用结构：helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.*hate(讨厌，厌恶):*例：Ihatedoingthedishes.It’ssoboring.(我讨厌洗碗，太无聊了。)*结构：hatedoingsth./hatetodosth.*like/love/enjoy(喜欢):*例：Shelovescookingdeliciousfoodforherfamily.(她喜欢为家人做美味的食物。)*结构：like/love/enjoydoingsth.*pass(递，传递):*例：Couldyoupassmethesalt,please?(请把盐递给我好吗？)*borrow(借，借用):从别人那里借来东西。*例：MayIborrowyourdictionary?(我可以借你的字典用一下吗？)*反义词：lend(借出)*lend(借出):*例：Icanlendyoumybike,butyoumustreturnittomorrow.(我可以把我的自行车借给你，但你明天必须还。)*搭配：lendsb.sth./lendsth.tosb.*chore(日常事务，家务活):可数名词。*例：Washingdishesisoneofmyleastfavoritechores.(洗碗是我最不喜欢的家务之一。)*rubbish/trash(垃圾):不可数名词。*例：Pleaseputtherubbishinthebin.(请把垃圾放进垃圾桶。)*floor(地板):*bedroom(卧室)*kitchen(厨房)*livingroom(客厅)*mess(杂乱，不整洁):*例：Whatamess!Youshouldtidyupyourroom.(真是一团糟！你应该整理一下你的房间。)*snack(点心，小吃)*stress(压力)*waste(浪费)3.形容词与副词(Adjectives&Adverbs)*dirty(脏的)→clean(干净的)(反义词)*tired(疲倦的)*angry(生气的)*happy(高兴的)*sad(难过的)*quickly(快速地)*slowly(慢慢地)*already(已经)*yet(还，尚，已经-用于否定句和疑问句)4.重要介词/短语(ImportantPrepositions/Phrases)*in(在…里面)*on(在…上面)*under(在…下面)*nextto(紧挨着)*infrontof(在…前面)*becauseof(因为)*assoonas(一…就…)*allthetime(一直，总是)二、核心句型解析1.提出请求(Makingrequests)*Couldyouplease...?(你能……吗？)-语气委婉，用于请求别人做某事。*肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem.*否定回答：Sorry,Ican’t.Ihaveto.../I’mdoing...*例：Couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?(你能把垃圾拿出去吗？)*CouldI...?(我能……吗？)-用于请求许可自己做某事。2.谈论帮助与分担(Talkingabouthelpandsharing)*Ihatetodochores.(我讨厌做家务。)*Ilikehelpingmymomcookdinner.(我喜欢帮我妈妈做晚饭。)*Sheusuallyhelpsmewithmyhomework.(她通常帮我辅导作业。)*It’simportantforustosharehousework.(对我们来说分担家务很重要。)3.描述过去正在进行的动作(PastContinuousTense)*Whatwereyoudoingat8o’clocklastnight?(昨晚八点你在干什么？)*IwaswatchingTVwhilemymomwascooking.(我妈妈做饭的时候，我在看电视。)*这是本单元引入的重点语法——过去进行时，常与when和while引导的时间状语从句连用。三、重点语法聚焦：过去进行时(PastContinuousTense)1.定义(Definition)表示过去某个特定时间点正在进行的动作，或者过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。2.构成(Structure)*肯定句:主语+was/were+动词-ing形式+其他。*I/He/She/It+was+V-ing...*You/We/They+were+V-ing...*例：Shewasreadingabookat9pmlastnight.(昨晚九点她正在看书。)Theywereplayingbasketballfrom4to5yesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午四点到五点他们在打篮球。)*否定句:主语+was/were+not+动词-ing形式+其他。*wasnot可缩写为wasn’t,werenot可缩写为weren’t。*例：Iwasn’tdoingmyhomeworkwhenyoucalled.(你打电话时我没在做作业。)Theyweren’twatchingTVthen.(那时他们没在看电视。)*一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+动词-ing形式+其他?*肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.*否定回答：No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.*例：Wereyoulisteningtomusicjustnow?(刚才你在听音乐吗？)Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.*at8o’clocklastnight(昨晚八点)*thistimeyesterday(昨天这个时候)*from7to9yesterdaymorning(昨天早上七点到九点)*when+一般过去时的句子(当……时候)*while+过去进行时的句子(当……期间)4.when与while的用法区别(Usageof"when"and"while")*when:既可引导时间点，也可引导时间段。主句动作和从句动作可以是同时发生（主过进，从一般过去），也可以是先后发生（主、从都用一般过去）。*例：WhenIgothome,myfatherwasreadingnewspapers.(当我到家时，我爸爸正在看报纸。)(先后发生/点时间)Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenthephonerang.(我正在做作业，这时电话响了。)(同时发生)*while:通常引导时间段，强调主句动作在从句动作进行期间发生。while引导的从句中，动词通常是延续性的，多用进行时态。*例：Whilemymotherwascooking,Iwascleaningmyroom.(我妈妈做饭的时候，我在打扫房间。)(主从句动作同时进行，都用过去进行时)WhileIwaswalkinginthepark,Imetanoldfriend.(当我正在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。)(while从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时)5.情态动词could的用法(UsageofModalVerb"could")*表示过去的能力：Shecouldswimwhenshewasfive.(她五岁时就会游泳了。)*表示委婉的请求或许可(本单元重点)：*Couldyoupleasehelpme?(你能帮帮我吗？)(请求)*CouldIgooutwithmyfriends?(我能和朋友出去吗？)(请求许可)四、单元练习I.词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Couldyoupleasef______yourclothes?Theyareonthesofa.2.Mymotheraskedmetotakeoutther______afterdinner.3.Don’tbeangrywithhim.Heisjustak______.4.W______Iwasdoingmyhomework,mybrotherwaslisteningtomusic.5.It’simportantforchildrentolearntosharec______athome.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.He______(watch)TVwhenIcalledhimlastnight.2.Mysisterusually______(help)mewithmyEnglish.3.Couldyouplease______(clean)thelivingroom?4.I______(notdo)myhomeworkat8o’clockyesterdayevening.5.Shehates______(sweep)thefloorbecauseit’sboring.II.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)1.Tomwasreadingabookat9pmlastnight.(改为一般疑问句)______Tom______abookat9pmlastnight?2.Theywereplayingbasketballwhentherainstarted.(对划线部分提问)____________they______whentherainstarted?3.Iwasdoingmyhomework.Myfathercameback.(用while合并句子)______I____________myhomework,myfathercameback.4.Couldyoupleaseopenthewindow?(作肯定回答)______,____________.5.Hecleanedhisroomyesterday.(用at8pmyesterday改写句子)He____________hisroomat8pmyesterday.III.单项选择(MultipleChoice)1.Mybrother______TVwhenIgothomeyesterday.A.watchesB.watchedC.waswatchingD.iswatching2.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—______.A.Yes,youcouldB.No,youcouldn’tC.Sure,hereyouareD.Idon’tknow3.Iwasdoingmyhomework______mymotherwascookingdinner.A.whenB.whileC.beforeD.after4.Sheusuallyhelpshermom______thehousework.A.doB.doesC.doingD.did5.—What______you______atthistimeyesterday?—Iwaslisteningtomusic.A.do;doB.did;doC.were;doingD.are;doingIV.用所给词的适当形式填空，完成短文(ClozeTest)阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。ItwasSaturdaymorning.Mr.andMrs.Greenwereathome.Mr.Greenwasreadingamagazine.Mrs.Greenwaswashingclothes.Theirson,Tom,wascleaninghisroom.Theirdaughter,Mary,waslisteningtomusic.At10o’clock,Tomfinishedcleaninghisroom.Hecameoutandasked,“Mom,couldIgoouttoplaybasketballwithmyfriends?”Mrs.Greensaid,“Sure,butyouhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.”Tomsaid,“OK,Mom.I’lldoitafterlunch.”Atnoon,theyhadlunchtogether.Afterlunch,Tomstartedtodohishomework.Maryhelpedhermomcleanthekitchen.Mr.Greenwasstillreading.ItwasahappymorningfortheGreens.1.WhatwasMr.GreendoingonSaturdaymorning?A.Hewaswashingclothes.B.Hewasreadingamagazine.C.Hewascleaninghisroom.D.Hewaslisteningtomusic.2.WhatwasMarydoingwhenhermotherwaswashingclothes?A.Shewasreading.B.Shewasplayingbasketball.C.Shewaslisteningtomusic.D.Shewasdoinghomework.3.WhendidTomfinishcleaninghisroom?A.At9o’clock.B.At10o’clock.C.At11