虚拟语气byvictort专题知识

I'dratherbea

sparrow

thana

snail.

YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.

I'dratherbeahammar

thana

nail

.

YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.

Away,I'drather

sailaway.

Likeaswanthat'shereandgone.

Amangetstiedup

totheground.

Hegivestheworld.It'ssaddestsound,

I'dratherbeaforest

thana

street.

YesIwould.IfIcould,Isurelywould.

I'dratherfeeltheearth

beneathmyfeet,

YesIwould.IfIonlycould,Isurelywould.

第1页1.英语动词有三种语气，陈说语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.

定义：用来表示说话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小情况，而是一个愿望，提议，假设语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义第2页Q:What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?IfIamfree,

Iwillvisityou.

IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.（虚拟条件句）

(真实条件句）第3页What

would

youdoifyou

wonthelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…第4页IfI

won

thelottery,I

wouldbuyanexpensivecar.(与现在事实相反）第5页IfI

wonthelottery,

I

would

buyavilla.（与现在事实相反）第6页一、普通条件句中虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用didwouldshould

+dosthcouldmight未来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight第7页If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.假如他努力学话，他就经过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当初我和她结了婚话，那我是很不幸。与过去事实相反虚拟条件句第8页Ifhe

hadgot

upearly,

he

wouldnothavebeenlateforschool.（与过去事实相反）假如他早起，他就不会上学迟到。第9页Ifhe__________（drive)morecarefully,he

_________________(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.（与过去事实相反）haddriven

wouldnothavehad

第10页IfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.（与过去事实相反）hadlearntwouldnothavebeen第11页IfI____________timelastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegone第12页IfIhowtoswim,Itrappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

第13页Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,

themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.第14页假如我接收了他提议，我就不会犯错误IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadethemistake.假如我在那里，这件事就不会发生IfIhadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.假如你读了我书，你就会知道我理论Ifyouhadreadmybook,youwouldhaveknownmytheory假如你参加了考试，你就会得到证书Ifyouhadtakentheexam,youwouldhavegotyourcertificate.第15页造句练习IfIhad.......,Iwouldhave........第16页一、普通条件句中虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用didwouldshould

+dosthcouldmight未来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight第17页假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.第18页IfI.....tomorrow,Iwould....假如我明天不来，我就是在家睡觉呢IfIdidn'tcometomorrow,Iwouldsleepinmyhome假如我明天去看电影，我就不能去造访你父母了IfIwenttoseethefilmtomorrow,Iwouldn'tpayavisitonyourparents假如明天我喝多了，你就带我回家IfIdrunktoomuchtomorrow,youcouldtakemehome第19页Ifhewereto.....,Iwould...假如他明天告诉我实话，我就不处罚他Ifheweretotellmethetruthtomorrow,Iwouldnotpunishhim假如他明天去旅游，我就和他一起去Ifheweretotraveltomorrow,Iwouldgowithhim假如他明天参加比赛，我会非常开心Ifheweretojointhecompetitiontomorrow,Iwouldbeveryhappy第20页一、普通条件句中虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去现在

未来第21页一、普通条件句中虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight未来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight第22页错综时间条件句

假设条件从句谓语动词发生时间与主句所假设谓语动词不一致情况下虚拟语气(错综时间条件句，这时动作形式应依据它所表示时间加以调整。

第23页

1.错综时间条件句if虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反假设与过去事实相反假设与未来事实相反假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形If+主语+动词过去式（be动词普通用were)主语+would(should/might/could)＋动词原形即：If+普通过去时态（be动词普通用were)If+主语+had+动词过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主语+would(should/might/could)＋动词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句（4+1）第24页Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.假如你当初听了我话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.假如我是你，我就去参加她生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）第25页Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）第26页假如我是你，我就该听从他提议。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去假如你听了我话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在假如这些天一直没下雨，我们现在能够进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.第27页1.假如过去天气好话，现在庄稼长得更加好了．Iftheweather____________finer,thecrops_______________________stillbetter.2.假如你听了老师提议话，你现在就不会在医院里了．Ifyou_______________theteacher’sadvice,you______________inthehospital.3.假如你身体情况好一些话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作．Ifyou

inbetterhealth,we_________________youtogotheretohelptheirwork.hadbeencouldhaveallowedwouldbegrowinghadfollowedwouldn’tbewere第28页2.在虚拟条件句中，假如条件句中有were,had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成weren’t，shouldn’t，hadn’t置于句首。

第29页1).HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.=IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.2).ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.3).WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.第30页2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句补充例句：要不是……(固定句式)Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkyesterday.=Haditnotbeenfor…,…Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney,Iwouldgotravellingrightnow.=Wereitnotforlackingmoney,…与过去事实相反与现在事实相反Butfor…要不是……第31页(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气直陈语气虚拟语气3.含蓄条件句有时为了表示需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导条件句，而经过其它伎俩来代替条件句。第32页含蓄条件句

(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（独立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakeninto(了解即可)consideration,…(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气第33页(5)用介词短语代替条件状语从句．惯用介词有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadn’thelpedus,…=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,…虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气第34页1.Ifmyfather_____herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.were;wouldwas;willhadbeen;wouldis;willExerciseA第35页2.Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollowExerciseC第36页3.IfI_____inthe22ndcentury,I________myvacationinaverydifferentway.shouldlive;wouldspendwilllive;shouldspendareliving;shouldhavespentwillbeliving;wouldhavespentA第37页4.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillExercisetomorrowB第38页5.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcompetition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwin D.wouldhavewonExerciseB第39页6.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955，thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry________soserious.A.wouldn’tbe B.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeen D.wouldhavenotbeenExercisenowin1955A第40页7．－Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.－Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_____.A.wouldn'tdie B.didn'tdie C.hadn'tdied D.wouldn'thavediedExerciseDhadrainednow第41页8.

They____twofreeticketstoCanada，otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.getExerciseBotherwise第42页9.—Whydidn’tyoubuytheflat?—I____，butIdidn’thavethemoney.wouldhaveB.boughtC.wouldliketoD.hadboughtExerciseAbut第43页错综条件句练习假如我去年努力学习，那么我现在就知道答案了IfIhadstudiedhardlastyear,Iwouldknowtheanswernow假如我是你，我不会带走那个孩子IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'thavetakenthatbabyaway假如我之前看见了老师，我现在就和他走了IfIhadseentheteacher,Iwouldgowithhimnow假如我认识他，我就能让他帮助了IfIknewhim,Iwouldhaveaskedhimforhelp第44页二.

名词性从句虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、提议虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三条提议：advise,suggest,propose四项要求：demand,require,request,ask

这些动词后面宾语从句要使用虚拟语气使用方法。即从句中动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。第45页1.我们提议Tom去休息一下。2.他果断要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。1.WesuggestedthatTom2.HeinsistedthatIpresent.4.Theyrequestedthatwe3.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersshouldhavearest.(should)beShouldbekilledthenextday.shouldsendthemtoworkthere.第46页2、以上动词对应名词组成名词性从句（包含主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中动词形式一样。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.第47页尽可能多用以下词造名词性从句suggestsuggestionadviseadviceproposeproposalrequirerequest第48页三、几个特殊结构中虚拟语气使用方法；1）wish

+宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.shouldIwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)第49页IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were现在haddone过去would/might/woulddo未来第50页虚拟语气[例句]我希望她能站在我一边。Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望自己能年轻三十岁。IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我希望你能找到一个好职业。

Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.他想要是他没这么做该多好。Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.

虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中

第51页造句练习我希望我现在还在高中IwishIwereinhighschoolnow我希望我现在正和我父母吃晚饭IwishIwerehavingadinnerwithmyparents我希望我在明天比赛中能赢得奖励IwishIcouldwintheprizeinthegametomorrow.我希望我把门锁上了IwishIhadlockedthedoor第52页IwishI_____abird.were第53页Iwisheveryday_____mybirthday.were第54页Iwish/wishedI

____________(noteat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teaten第55页2）wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryou________(pay)menow.(现在)Iwouldratheryou_______(go)thereyesterday.(过去)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou_____(come)tomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时paidme

hadgonecame第56页3）asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.第57页4).It’s（high）time+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyou

.It’shightimethatyou

.It’stimethatwe

.It’stimethatwe

to

bed.wentshouldgowenttobedshouldgo第58页5）Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我们父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!第59页6）It’snecessary/strange/natur