中考英语复习语法专题突破七形容词和副词课件

语法专题突破专题七形容词和副词

形容词1.

形容词的基本用法句子成分位置作定语一般位于名词或代词之前，复合不定代词、疑问代词之后作表语放在系动词之后作宾语补足语放在宾语之后，常与find，keep，leave，make，think等词

连用，表示宾语的性质或状态等作状语放在句末，前面有逗号如：a

cold

morning一个寒冷的早晨（作定语）something

important一些重要的事情（作定语）Silk

feels

soft.丝绸摸起来很柔软。（作表语）He

always

makes

us

happy.他总是使我们高兴。（作宾语补足语）He

arrived

home，hungry

and

tired.他回到家里，又饿又累。（作

状语）（1）形容词名词化：“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物。如：the

blind盲人

the

deaf聋人the

young年轻人

the

old老人the

rich富人

the

poor穷人the

sick病人

the

disabled残疾人

（2）有些形容词通常不作定语，只作表语或宾语补足语。如：afraid害怕的

alive活着；有生气的alone独自；单独

ashamed羞愧asleep睡着

awake醒着ill有病；不舒服

well健康；情况良好如：He

was

afraid

to

open

the

door.（正）The

afraid

man

is

my

uncle.（误）（3）表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之

后。如：—How

long

is

the

river？这条河有多长？—It’s

about

two

thousand

meters

long.大约有2000米长。（4）复合形容词指由几个词共同组成，并起形容词作用的词，主

要作定语。如：an

eight-year-old

boy一个八岁的男孩。（5）许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但是有些以-ly结尾的单词

不是副词，而是形容词。如：friendly友好的，lonely孤独的，lovely可

爱的，lively生气勃勃的，daily日常的，likely可能的。2.

形容词的转化（1）形容词变反义词①加前缀un-believable→unbelievable，comfortable→uncomfortable，

crowded→uncrowded，expected→unexpected，fair→unfair，

friendly→unfriendly，happy→unhappy，healthy→unhealthy，

lucky→unlucky，usual→unusual②加前缀dis-honest→dishonest③加前缀im-polite→impolite，possible→impossible④否定后缀-lessmeaningful→meaningless，careful→careless，useful→useless（2）名词转化为形容词①加-y或去e加-y或双写尾字母加-ycloud→cloudy，health→healthy，luck→lucky，noise→noisy，

sun→sunny②加-lyfriend→friendly，love→lovely，month→monthly【注意】day→daily③加-ful或变y为i加-fulcare→careful，harm→harmful，peace→peaceful，success→successful，beauty→beautiful④加-lessend→endless，home→homeless，hope→hopeless，use→useless⑤加-al或去e加-aleducation→educational，music→musical，nation→national，

person→personal，tradition→traditional，culture→cultural，nature→natural⑥加-ese/-（a）n/-ishJapan→Japanese，Europe→European，America→American，

Asia→Asian，Australia→Australian，India→Indian，Russia→Russian，

fool→foolish【注意】China→Chinese，Canada→Canadian，Britain→British，

England→English⑦加-erneast→eastern，north→northern，south→southern，west→western⑧加-engold→golden，wood→wooden，wool→woolen⑨加-able或去e加-ablefashion→fashionable，value→valuable⑩加-ousdanger→dangerous，humor→humorous【注意】energy→energetic，science→scientific（3）动词转化为形容词①加前缀a-live→alive，sleep→asleep，wake→awake②加-able或去e加-able或双写尾字母加-ableenjoy→enjoyable，believe→believable，forget→forgettable③加-（e）d或变y为i加-edamaze→amazed，excite→excited，embarrass→embarrassed，

interest→interested，relax→relaxed，worry→worried④加-ing或去e加-inginterest→interesting，surprise→surprising，care→caring⑤加-fulforget→forgetful，regret→regretful⑥加-ive或去e加-iveact→active，create→creative【注意】die→dead，break→broken

副

词1.

副词的分类（1）时间副词时间副词有now，then，today，tomorrow，yesterday，before，

soon，lately，already，just等。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，

所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。（2）地点副词地点副词有outside，inside，upstairs，here，there，home，near，

away，in，back，off，up，anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时其前

不加介词。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。（3）方式副词方式副词有quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，badly，easily，

fast等。方式副词大多由“形容词＋-ly”构成。（4）程度副词程度副词有very，quite，rather，（much）

too，much，so，a

little，even等。（5）疑问副词疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how

long，how

soon，how

often，how

far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。（6）关系副词关系副词有when，where，why。关系副词常用来引导定语从句。（7）频度副词频度副词有always，often，usually，never，sometimes，seldom，

hardly

ever等。（8）连接副词连接副词有therefore，besides，otherwise，however，moreover，

still，thus，meanwhile等。连接副词主要是用来连接句子或从句。

2.副词的基本用法句子成分位置作状语修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于所修饰词之前修饰动词时，通常位于所修饰词之后频度副词通常位于情态动词/助动词/be动词之后，实义动词之前时间副词、地点副词、方式副词通常放在句末位于句首，用来修饰整个句子作表语放在系动词之后，多用于表示位置或状态作宾语补足语放在宾语之后如：She

parked

the

car

very

easily.她很容易就把车停好了。（作方

式状语）She

works

hard.她努力工作。（作方式状语）The

boy

is

often

late

for

class.这个男孩经常上课迟到。（作

频度状语）Let

them

in.让他们进来。（作宾语补足语）What’s

on

this

evening？今晚演什么？（作表语）3.

常用易混副词（短语）（1）ago与before易混词意义及用法例句ago表示以现在为基准的“以

前”，和表示时间概念的

短语搭配使用，常用于一

般过去时The

meeting

began

five

minutes

ago.会议5分钟前就开始了。易混词意义及用法例句before表示以过去为基准的“以

前”，常用于过去完成时He

said

he

had

been

to

the

Great

Wall

three

years

before.他说他

三年前去过长城。泛指以前，常用于现在完

成时I

have

never

been

to

Zhejiang

before.我以前从未去过浙江。

（2）too，either，also与as

well易混词（短语）意义及用法例句too“也”，一般用于肯定句，

常放在句末，前面常有逗号He

likes

English，too.他也

喜欢英语。either“也”，用于否定句，常放

在句末，前面常有逗号I

don’t

know

French，either.

我也不懂法语。易混词（短语）意义及用法例句also“也”，一般用于肯定句，常放

在be动词、情态动词或助动词之

后，实义动词之前I

can

also

swim.我

也会游泳。as

well“也”，一般用于肯定句，只放

在句末I

like

you

as

well.

我也喜欢你。

（3）already，yet与still易混词意义及用法already已经；早已多用于完成时态的肯定句中已经，都用于疑问句句末，表示惊讶yet已经多用于完成时态的疑问句中还多用于完成时态的否定句中still仍然；还表示某事尚在进行中，可用于多种句型，

在否定句中需放在否定词not之前（4）hard与hardly【讲解见本书第7课时P44的考点6】

4.副词的转化副词一般由形容词变化而来。常见变化规则如下：情况构成方法例词一般情况加-lyquick→quicklyslow→slowly以y结尾的双音节词变y为i再加-lyhappy→happilyheavy→heavily以y结尾的单音节词加-lyshy→shyly情况构成方法例词以

e结

尾开音节词加-lywide→widelypolite→politely元音字母＋e结尾去e加-lytrue→truly以le结尾去e加-ypossible→possibly【拓展】good→well，two→twice

形容词、副词的比较等级一、构成1.

规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-

esthightallhighertallerhighesttallest以不发音的字母e结

尾的加-r或-stnicelatenicerlaternicestlatest类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节

词和部分双音节词以重读闭音节结尾，

且末尾只有一个辅音

字母时，双写该辅音

字母，再加-er或-estbigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbiggestfattesthottest单音节

词和部分双音节词以辅音字母加-y结尾的

双音节词，变y为i，再

加-er或-esthappyeasyearlyhappiereasierearlierhappiesteasiestearliest类别构成方法原级比较级最高级多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加

more或

mostimportantcarefulcomfortablymore

important，more

careful，more

comfortablymost

important，most

careful，most

comfortably

2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestill/bad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、用法1.

原级比较常用结构例句肯定as＋原级＋asTom

is

as

old

as

Kate.汤姆和凯特的年龄一样

大。否定not

as/so＋原级＋

asJim

doesn’t

run

as/so

fast

as

Mike.吉姆没有迈

克跑得快。倍数表达倍数＋as＋原级

＋asCats

sleep

twice

as

much

as

people.猫的睡眠

时间是人的两倍。

2.比较级常用结构意义A…＋比较级＋than＋BA比B更……比较级＋and＋比较级越来越……the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…越……，就越……A…＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BA比B……几倍常用结构意义A…＋the＋比较级＋of

the

two＋可数名词复数两者中A较/更……A…＋less＋原级＋than＋BA不如B……/A没有B……Which/Who…＋比较级，A

or

B？哪一个/谁更……？如：Jack

is

taller

than

Lily.杰克比莉莉高。He

is

getting

taller

and

taller.他长得越来越高了。The

more

careful

you

are，the

fewer

mistakes

you’ll

make.你越认

真，犯的错误就越少。This

room

is

three

times

bigger

than

that

one.这个房间比那个房间大

三倍。Tom

is

the

taller

of

the

two

boys.汤姆是两个男孩中较高的那一个。I

think

English

is

less

difficult

than

physics.我认为英语没有

物理难。Which

is

bigger，the

earth

or

the

moon？地球和月球哪一个更大？

【注意】常见的修饰比较级的词（短语）修饰词（短语）意义a

little，a

bit稍微……；……一点even，much，still，far，a

lot……得多；更……

3.最高级常用结构意义the＋最高级＋比较范围……中最……one

of＋the＋最高级＋复数名词＋比较范围……中最……之一the＋序数词＋最高级＋单数名词＋比较范围……中第……最……Which/Who…the＋最高级，A，B

or

C？A，B，C中哪一个

（些）/谁最……？

【注意】（1）最高级常用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较，比较范围

常用in/of/among/从句来表示。（2）比较级与最高级之间的转化①最高级＝比较级＋than＋any

other＋单数名词/the

other＋复数名

词。如：Tom

is

the

tallest

student

in

his

class.＝Tom

is

taller

than

any

other

student

in

his

class.＝Tom

is

taller

than

the

other

students

in

his

class.汤姆是班里最高的

学生。②“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。如：—This

film

is

a

wonderful

film.I’ve

never

seen

a

better

one

before.这

部电影是一部精彩的电影，我从没看过比它更好的。—I

can’t

agree

more.It’s

really

great.我完全同意。它真是太棒了。（3）形容词最高级前一般要加the，但有物主代词、指示代词、

名词所有格等修饰时，前面不加the。如：Kate

is

my

best

friend.凯特是我最好的朋友。

一、选词填空crazy

high

pride

aloud

much1.

（2025镇江改编）The

elderly

lady

must

be

of

her

newly

published

book

on

music

therapy.2.

（2025淮安改编）There

are

than

ten

clubs

in

our

school.You

can

choose

one

to

join.3.

（2024德阳改编）Pleaseread

toimproveyour

pronunciationwhilelearningEnglish.proud

more

aloud

4.

（2025苏州改编）Lin

is

honest

and

hard-working，so

everyone

speaks

very

of

him.5.

My

sister

has

been

about

dancing

since

she

was

five

years

old.highly

crazy

二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.

（2025福建改编）AI

technology

in

China

has

developed

⁠

（fast）

than

anyone

expected.2.

It’s

said

that

in

the

future

there

will

be

longer

summers

and

⁠

（short）

winters

than

before.3.

Teenagers

will

feel

（comfortable）

and

even

get

angry

if

someone

reads

their

diaries.faster

shorter

uncomfortable

4.

It

took

around

120

hours

to

print

this

3D

house

while

it

usually

takes

around

one

to

two

years

to

build

a

house

in

the

（tradition）

way.5.

Soft

music

can

help

us

fall

（sleep）

faster

and

wake

up

less

during

the

night.6.

The

earlier

you

travel

（wide），the

better

you

can

learn

the

lessons

traveling

can

teach

you.traditional

asleep

widely

7.

Ourfour-weekEarthCampisafunand

（education）

summercampforchildrenaged6to15.Kidsenjoytimeoutdoorswhile

learningabouttheearth.8.

It’s

（polite）

to

talk

with

your

mouth

full.9.

The

headmaster

will

study

the

report

（careful）

before

making

a

decision.10.

Recycling

your

rubbish

is

a

great

habit.However，it’s

even

better

to

turn

your

rubbish

into

something

new

and

（use）.impolite

carefully

useful

educational

11.

Whydowemakemistakesmore

（easy）whenwefeel

tired？Thishappensbecausepartsofourbrainactuallyfallasleepwhen

we’reawakeandtired.12.

Ifelt

（relax）lyinginthesunonthebeach.13.

Our

team

lost

the

game

because

we

played

very

（bad）.14.

Have

you

ever

cut

your

finger

on

the

edge（边缘）

of

a

book

page？

The

small

cut

on

your

finger

is

so

（pain）.badly

painful

easily

relaxed

三、（2023江西改编）短文填空人与社会：晏子使楚Many

years

ago，there

were

many

states

in

China.The

State

of

Qi

used

to

be

very

strong，but

it

became

less

1.

（power）.Yan

Zi

was

a

wise

adviser，so

the

king

of

Qi

sent

him

to

ask

Chu

to

support

each

other.powerful

The

king

of

Chu

knew

Yan

Zi

was

very

short.He

tried

to

make

Yan

Zi

feel

2.

（shyness）

about

his

height.When

Yan

Zi

arrived，the

guard

told

him

to

enter

through

the

small

gate.Yan

Zi

didn’t

get

3.

.

（angrily）.“Only

a

state

of

dogs

will

greet

visitors

with

a

gate

for

dogs.I’m

visiting

the

State

of

Chu.This

gate

isn’t

for

me，”Yan

Zi

said.So

the

guard

had

to

take

him

through

the

main

gate.shy

a