广东省中考英语二轮话题专题复习灾害防范与安全救护

灾害防范与安全救护课标要求自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护教材链接人教版八下U5；九全U12外研版八上M8和M12；九下M4

Lead­in:Lookatthepictureandsaywhatishappening.Usethe

wordsandexpressionintheboxtohelpyou.(WY八上M8)accidentdriverhappenmobilephonepolicewomanroad

⁠

⁠

⁠Anaccidenthappensontheroad.Achildishurtandhisbikeis

broken.Adoctorishelpinghim.Apolicewomanisaskingthedriverand

recordingsomethingwithamobilephone.

一、词汇、词块梳理•Disastersandprevention灾害和防范1.happenv.发生2.firen.火；火灾3.stormn.暴风雨4.floodn.洪水v.淹没5．disastern.灾难6.earthquaken.地震7.causev.造成；引起n.原因8．fallv.倒塌；跌倒n.落下；降低9.burnv.燃烧；着火n.烧伤；烫伤10．survivev.存活；继续存在；幸免于难11.hidev.藏；躲避→hiddenadj.隐藏的；潜在的12．dangerousadj.危险的→endangeredadj.濒危的13．suddenadj.突然的；骤然的→suddenlyadv.突然14．freezev.(使)冻死；冻僵；结冰→freezingadj.极冷的；冰冻的

15．diev.死亡；消亡→deathn.死亡→deadadj.死的；失去生命的→dyingadj.临死的16．shockn.(地震等引起的)剧烈震动；震惊v.使震惊→shockedadj.吃惊的17.knockdown摧毁18.saveone'slife拯救生命19.naturaldisaster自然灾害20．cutoffthepower切断电源21.storefoodandwateraheadoftime提前贮存食物和水•Safetyandrescue安全与救护1.bleedv.流血2.shoutv.&n.喊叫3.hitv.碰撞；打4.attackv.&n.袭击；攻击5．cutv.割；切n.伤口；切口6.woundn.伤口；创伤v.使受伤7．emergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况8.hurtv.(使)受伤；感到疼痛

adj.受伤的9．harmv.&n.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的；导致损害的10．accidentn.(交通)事故；意外遭遇→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的11．aliveadj.活着的→livelyadj.精力充沛的；令人兴奋的→livingadj.活着的12．riskn.风险；危险v.冒……的危险；使……冒风险→riskyadj.有危险(或风险)的13.getlost迷路14.lifejacket救生衣15.signofdanger危险信号；危险迹象

16．firstaid急救17.indanger处于危险中18.warningsign警告标志；警告牌19．lossofblood失血20.cometolife复活；苏醒21.beawareoftherisk意识到风险小试牛刀(根据以上所学完成下面的小短文，每空一词)LastSaturday,myclassmateXiaominghadasmall1.

⁠

duringourschoolsportsday.Hewasrunningveryfastwhenhefell

down.Hisknee2.

thegroundhard.Soon,wesawblood—his

kneewas3.

！Ourteacherquicklycameoverandused

first4.

⁠skillstohelphim.Thisexperienceremindedusthateven

duringfunactivities,wecansuddenlybein5.

⁠ifwe'renot

careful.Weshouldalwayspayattentiontosafety.accidenthitbleedingaiddanger二、写作佳句梳理►灾害和防范：1．

Luckily,wecoveredourwindowsandmovedourthingsoffthe

floorbeforethetyphoonstarted.幸运的是，我们在台风开始之前遮住了

窗户，并将东西从地板上移开了。2．

Adisastercanbringwoundsandpain.Butweshould

alwaysfacethemwithcourage．灾难会带来创伤和痛苦。但我们

应该始终勇敢面对。3．

[高阶表达]Weshouldraiseourawarenessofnaturaldisasters

andlearnhowtostaysafe．我们应提高对自然灾害的意识，并学习如何

保持安全。►安全与救护：4．

Thankstothefirstaidandsafetyclasseshetookatschool,he

knewthatwatercouldmakeoilfiresmuchworse！多亏了他在学校上过

的急救和安全课，他知道水会使油火更加严重！5．

[高阶表达]Itisofgreatimportancetostaycalmandmakewise

decisionswhencomingacrossaccidentslikefiresorfalls.在遭遇火灾或跌

落等事故时，保持冷静并做出明智决定至关重要。三、谚语梳理1．

Safetycomesfirst.安全第一。2．

Preparetoday,survivetomorrow.今天做好准备，明天就

能生存。

一、语法选择[难度：★★

建议用时：6mins正确率：

/10]导读：休班消防员AndrewNixon和妻子回家途中遇见轿车撞击卡

车起火、女子被困，于是徒手破窗救人。这场救援既是这名女子的最后

一根救命稻草，也是这名消防员的一次自我疗愈。

AndrewNixon,afirefighterfromSt.BernardParish,

becamealocalheroaftersavingawomanfromaburningcar.Theaccident

1onOctober10,2025.Nixonwasdrivinghomewith

hiswifewhenhesaw

2acarhitatruckandthenitstires(轮胎)quickly

caughtfire.(

C

)1.

A.

happens

B．

willhappen

C．

happened(

A

)2.

A.

that

B．

how

C．

what2．

考查宾语从句连接词。分析句子结构可知，saw后为宾语从

句，从句为完整的陈述句，应用that引导。故选A。CARealizingsomeonewasstuckinside,Nixonstoppedrightawayand

rantohelp.Hetriedtospeaktothedriver,

3shedidn'tanswer.Without

thinkingtwice,heusedhishands

4acarwindow.(

A

)3.

A.

but

B．

so

C．

because(

B

)4.

A.

broke

B．

tobreak

C．

breakingABSeeingthefire①spreadingintothecar,heknewhehadonly

5to

act.Withgreateffort,hemanagedto②liftthewomanoutthroughthe

carwindowandbring

6tosafety.Shortlyafter,thewholecarwas

completelycoveredbyfire.(

C

)5.

A.

moment

B．

moments'

C．

moments(

B

)6.

A.

herself

B．

her

C．

sheCBLaterthewoman

7toahospitalandgotbetterandbetterdayby

day.Peoplepraisedthefirefighter

8beingsohelpfulandcalledhimthe

woman's“lastchance”．(

C

)7.

A.

sentB．

issentC．

wassent7．

考查被动语态。“thewoman”与send之间为被动关系，且动作

发生在过去，应用一般过去时被动语态。故选C。(

A

)8.

A.

forB．

withC．

in8．

考查介词。praisesb.fordoingsth.因某事称赞某人。故选A。CAForNixon,theexperiencehadaspecialmeaning.Earlierthisyear,

hisyoungsisterdrowned(溺亡)by

9

③accident．Sincethen,hehad

beencaughtingreatsadnessofnotbeingabletosaveher.Butthistime,

asNixonwassavingthewoman,hefeltlikehissisterwastherewith

him.Theexperiencehelpedhimfeelmuch

10fromhisownpain.(

C

)9.

A.

an

B．

the

C．

/(

B

)10.

A.

well

B．

better

C．

thebestCB•熟词生义①spreadv.

⁠②liftv.

⁠③accidentn.

⁠扩散；蔓延举起；抬起意外；偶然的事•长难句分析Seeingthefirespreadingintothecar,heknewhehadonly5to

act．结构分析：画线部分为主谓宾；knew后为宾语从句，表示“他意识

到/知道的”具体内容，“Seeingthefirespreading”为现在分词作伴随状

语，“spreadingintothecar”为现在分词作宾语补足语，强调“火势正在

蔓延”的状态。二、完形填空[主题：一次救助低血糖患者的经历

难度：★★

建议

用时：6mins正确率：

/10](2025广州二模改编)Oneevening,Dianawasshoppingatacrowded

storewhenshefoundawomanlyingonthefloor.Afewpeoplewere

standingaround,andsomeonewascalling120.Dianarememberedherfirstaid

1．Soshehurriedtowardthe

womanand

2hercarefully.Dianatriedtalkingtoherandaskingher

somequestions,butthewomancouldn't

3．(

C

)1.

A．

warningB．

feeling

C．

trainingD．

meaning1．

考查名词。根据下文Diana救助女子的行为可知她想起了自己

的急救培训。故选C。C(

D

)2.

A.

hid

B．

lifted

C．

hit

D．

checked(

A

)3.

A.

speak

B．

fall

C．

survive

D．

bleed3．

考查动词。根据前文“Dianatriedtalkingtoherandaskingher

somequestions”及转折词but可知，女子无法说话。故选A。DADianaconsideredthewomanmight

4lowbloodsugar.Sheaskeda

workertobringjuiceorsweets.Theworkerreturned

5withabottleof

orangejuice.Dianahelpedthewomandrinkitslowly.Afteraperiodoftime,

thewoman'sfacelookedmuchbetter.“Whenbloodsugardropstoolow,

peoplecanfeelvery

6，”sheexplainedtothecrowd.(

B

)4.

A.

cutoff

B．

sufferfrom

C．

sellout

D．

takein(

B

)5.

A.

secretly

B．

quickly

C．

exactly

D．

possibly(

C

)6.

A.

calm

B．

quiet

C．

sickD．

comfortable6．

考查形容词。根据常识可知，人在血糖过低时会感觉非常不舒

服。故选C。BBCWhendoctorsarrived,theyconfirmed(确认)thewoman'sbloodsugarhadbeendangerously

7．Theygavehermoremedicaltreatmentandtookhertothehospital.AsDianawentoutofthestore,theworkerstoppedher.“Youwereamazing—youknewexactlywhattodo，”theworkersaid.“Thanksforyour

8．”(

A

)7.

A.

low

B．

smooth

C．

normal

D．

high(

D

)8.

A.

patience

B．

honesty

C．

attention

D．

kindness8．

考查名词。Diana救助了女子，所以此处指工作人员感谢她的

善意。故选D。ADDianasmiled.“That'soneofmy

9forkeepingpracticingfirstaid

skills，”shesaid.Thoughtheexperiencewasalittlescary,Dianafelt

10

thatshewasabletomakearealdifference.Walkinghome,sherealizedhow

meaningfulitwasformorepeopletolearnbasicfirstaid—younever

knowwhenyoumightsavealife.(

C

)9.

A.

plans

B．

excuses

C．

reasons

D．

needs(

B

)10.

A.

interested

B．

proud

C．

bored

D．

worried短文大意：本文讲述了Diana在商店购物时，遇到一位女子晕倒，

她运用所学的急救知识判断女子可能出现低血糖，并及时采取措施救

助，最终帮助女子脱离危险的故事，体现了学习急救技能的重要性。CB三、阅读理解A[主题：自然灾害讲座

难度：★

建议用时：5mins

正确率：

/5](2025珠海一模)Listeningto“NaturalDisasters”Doyouknowhowwecansurviveanearthquake?Naturaldisasters

suchasearthquakes,floodsorwildfireshavebeenagreatdangerto

humanssincethebeginning.Everyyear,thousandsofpeopledieofthem.Justastheoldsayinggoes,“Knowyourself,knowyourenemy.A

hundredbattles,ahundredvictories.”Onlywhenweknowmoreabout

naturaldisasterscanwecomeupwithexcellentideastofightagainst

them.ThisSaturday,anexpertinenvironmentalscienceisinvitedtogive

aspeechonwhatweneedtoknowaboutnaturaldisasters.Let'sgoand

enjoyit!Time:May21,9：00am—11：30amLocation:Classroom302,TeachingBuildingAboutthespeech：Consideringwherewelive,theexpertwillintroduceinformation

aboutearthquakes,aswellastsunamis(海啸)causedbythem.Inthe

speech,wewilllearn：*Howanearthquakeandatsunamihappen.*Howclosewearetoanearthquakeoratsunami.*Usefulexperienceaboutsurvivinginanearthquakeoratsunami.Afterthespeech,we'llmovetoquestioning.Allofuscanask

questions.Sowecanthinkaboutwhatwewanttoknowaheadof

time.Gettingourquestionsreadywouldbebetter.Formoreinformationaboutthespeechorthespeaker,pleasevisit

https：//thefirstschool.edu.org．(D)1.WhatistheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedsentence?A．

熟能生巧，勤能补拙。B．

千里之行，始于足下。C．

当局者迷，旁观者清。D．

知己知彼，百战不殆。1．

句义猜测题。“Knowyourself,knowyourenemy.Ahundred

battles,ahundredvictories.”的字面意思是“了解你自己，了解你的敌

人，一百次战争，一百次胜利”，对应中文谚语“知己知彼，百战不

殆”。故选D。D(D)2.Howlongwillthespeechlast?A．

Foranhour.B．

Foranhourandahalf.C．

Fortwohours.D．

Fortwohoursandahalf.D(B)3.Fromthisspeech,wecanlearn

．A．

anexpert'sownexperienceaboutatsunamiB．

howanearthquakeandatsunamihappenC．

howfarwearefromanearthquakeorawildfireD．

usefulexperienceaboutstoppinganearthquakeoratsunamiB(A)4.Whatarelistenersadvisedtodobeforethespeech?A(

A

)5.

Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?A．

Onaschoolwebsite.B．

Inanaturemagazine.C．

Inacitynewspaper.D．

OnasportsTVprogram.A5．

文章出处题。根据“https：//thefirstschool.edu.org”和

“Classroom302,TeachingBuilding”可知，文章最有可能来自学校网

站。故选A。短文大意：本文是一则关于自然灾害的讲座通知，介绍了讲座时

间、地点、内容以及注意事项。四、阅读理解C[主题：自然灾害事件

难度：★★

建议用时：6mins正确率：

/5](2025湛江二模)配对阅读。左栏是五则有关自然灾害的新闻，右栏是七个亲历者的感受。请为每则新闻选择对应的亲历者。选项中有两项为多余选项。A.

ThehousestartedtoshakewhenIwasreadinginmybedroom.Irushedoutatonce.Luckily,noonewasbadlyhurtintheearthquake.B.

IthinkI'dbetterputpiecesofwoodoverthewindows,orthestrongwindsmaybreakthem.AndI'llgetflashlights(手电筒)readyfirstincasetheelectricityiscutoff.C.

Iwasdrivingalongtheroaddownthehillwhenthecarsaheadofminestoppedsuddenly.ThenIsawrocksandsoilfallingdownfromthehillside.D.

Thehail(冰雹)rainedallnight.Thenextday,Ifoundthatallmyflowershaddiedbecauseofthehail.E.

Iwenthikingwithsomefriendsthere.Thefloodrosesoquicklythatwehadtoclimbontosometrees.Luckily,somefirefighterscameinaboattogetustoasafeplacelater.F.

Thewatercameoutofnowhere,somyparentsandIhadtogettothesecondfloorandstayedthereforseveraldays.G.

IcanseethesmokerisinginthesouthandIthinkthefireisgettingcloserandcloser.Idon'tknowwhetherIhavetogiveupmyhouseandmovetoasafeplace.(E)1.HundredsofhikersweresavedlastweekduringafloodnearGrandCanyonNationalPark.(C)2.ApieceoflandbecameseparatedfromahillsideinasoutheasternAlaskacitylastSunday.Atleastonepersondiedandmanywerehurt.(B)3.Apowerfultyphoon(台风)isgettingnearJapan'ssouthwesternislands.Inthecomingdays,therewillbeheavyrainandverystrongwinds.(G)4.WildfiresinBrazil'ssouthernSaoPaulostatehavekilledatleasttwopeople.Atleast36citieshavebeenputonahigh­risklist.(A)5.ApowerfulearthquakehashitJapan'ssoutherncoastanditwasreportedthatninepeoplegothurtlightly.ECBGA(E)1.HundredsofhikersweresavedlastweekduringafloodnearGrandCanyonNationalPark.(C)2.ApieceoflandbecameseparatedfromahillsideinasoutheasternAlaskacitylastSunday.Atleastonepersondiedandmanywerehurt.(B)3.Apowerfultyphoon(台风)isgettingnearJapan'ssouthwesternislands.Inthecomingdays,therewillbeheavyrainandverystrongwinds.(G)4.WildfiresinBrazil'ssouthernSaoPaulostatehavekilledatleasttwopeople.Atleast36citieshavebeenputonahigh­risklist.(A)5.ApowerfulearthquakehashitJapan'ssoutherncoastanditwasreportedthatninepeoplegothurtlightly.A.

ThehousestartedtoshakewhenIwasreadinginmybedroom.Irushedoutatonce.Luckily,noonewasbadlyhurtintheearthquake.B.

IthinkI'dbetterputpiecesofwoodoverthewindows,orthestrongwindsmaybreakthem.AndI'llgetflashlights(手电筒)readyfirstincasetheelectricityiscutoff.C.

Iwasdrivingalongtheroaddownthehillwhenthecarsaheadofminestoppedsuddenly.ThenIsawrocksandsoilfallingdownfromthehillside.D.

Thehail(冰雹)rainedallnight.Thenextday,Ifoundthatallmyflowershaddiedbecauseofthehail.E.

Iwenthikingwithsomefriendsthere.Thefloodrosesoquicklythatwehadtoclimbontosometrees.Luckily,somefirefighterscameinaboattogetustoasafeplacelater.F.

Thewatercameoutofnowhere,somyparentsandIhadtogettothesecondfloorandstayedthereforseveraldays.G.

IcanseethesmokerisinginthesouthandIthinkthefireisgettingcloserandcloser.Idon'tknowwhetherIhavetogiveupmyhouseandmovetoasafeplace.ECBGA五、短文填空[主题：佛山“以蚊治蚊”战基孔肯雅热

难度：★★★

建议用时：7mins正确率：

/10]eachenemyharmfulwithlaybutpeoplefinalstopmillionandonChikungunyafeverisaseriousillnesscausedbythechikungunya

virus,whichistransmitted(传播)throughmosquitobites.To1.

⁠

it,FoshanCityhasusedthe“mosquitovsmosquito”method.1．

考查动词。it指代上一句提到的“Chikungunyafever”，根据语

境，此处表示为了阻止基孔肯雅热的传播，备选词stop符合语境，动词

不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填stop。stopFirstofall,a“mosquitofactory”inGuangzhouproduced2.

offriendlymale(雄性的)mosquitoeseveryweek.Onlyfemalemosquitoesbitepeopleandspreadthevirus—malesdonoharmatall.Thesemalescarryaspecialkindofbacteria(细菌)．Becauseofthisbacteria,theeggsthatare3.

⁠bywildfemalemosquitoescannotdevelop.Inthisway,fewerdangerousmosquitoesareborn.millionslaideachenemyharmfulwithlaybutpeoplefinalstopmillionandon3．

考查动词。根据“Inthisway,fewerdangerousmosquitoesareborn.”并结合备选词可知，此处指因为这种细菌，野生雌性蚊子产下的卵无法发育，lay符合语境，此处为被动语态，应用过去分词。故填laid。Thenexpertssetfree75bigmosquitoesinFoshan.Thesebig

mosquitoesarenatural4.

⁠ofvirus­carryingmosquitoes.One

babybigmosquito(calledalarva)caneat80to100larvaeof

5.

⁠mosquitoes.What'smore,adultbigmosquitoesnever

bite—theyonlydrinkplantjuice,sothey'resafefor6.

⁠and

animals.enemiesharmfulpeopleeachenemyharmfulwithlaybutpeoplefinalstopmillionandon7．

，Foshan'sworkersputover5，200mosquito­

eatingfishintoparks.Thesesmallfishfeed8.

⁠mosquitoeggsand

larvae.9.

⁠fishcaneat100to200mosquitolarvaeaday,sothe

numberofmosquitolarvaeinwaterdroppedgreatly.8．

考查介词。根据后文“…fishcaneat100to200mosquitolarvaeaday”可知，这些小鱼以蚊子卵和幼虫为食，feedon以……为食。故填on。FinallyonEacheachenemyharmfulwithlaybutpeoplefinalstopmillionandonAllthesemethodsweregreen10.

⁠safe,helpingFoshanfight

Chikungunyafeverwell.短文大意：本文介绍了佛山采用“以蚊治蚊”的绿色安全方式防治基

孔肯雅热，包括释放带细菌的雄性蚊子、投放捕食蚊虫的大蚊子和食蚊

鱼，有效减少了传毒蚊子数量。andeachenemyharmfulwithlaybutpeoplefinalstopmillionandon六、读写综合A.

回答问题[主题：强风暴席卷华北地区

难度：★★

建议用时：

7mins正确率：

/5]ApowerfulwindstormsweptthroughNorthChinathisweek,turningskiesorangeandmakingtreesdancelikecrazy.Accordingtoweatherreports,windsreachedover130km/hinmountainousareasofBeijingandHebei,whileflatareasexperiencedwindsof90—110km/h.ThiskindofstormisveryunusualforApril,anditlastedformorethan48hours,knockingdownstreetsignsandforcingairplanestocancelflights.Besidesstrongwinds,thestormcarriedthicksandfromMongolia

andChina'snorthwestdeserts.Thethicksanddarkenedthesky,making

itlooklikenighttimeduringtheday.IncitieslikeBeijingandTianjin,the

airpollutionreachedtheworstlevel.Peoplehadtowearmasks(口罩)to

avoidbreathingindirtyair.Schoolsclosedandparksshutdowntolet

peoplestayindoors.Thestormcausedmanydangers,including：*Fallingsigns*Flyingrubbish*FallentrucksonhighwaysExpertswarnedthatthewindwasstrongenoughtoliftsmall

cars.Atthesametime,heavysnowstormsinInnerMongoliamadethe

situationevenworse.HowDidPeopleStaySafe?Scientistsgavethefollowingadvice：☆Closewindows.☆Stayindoors.☆Movelightthingsinside.OneBeijingstudentsaid,“Itfeltlikenaturewaschallengingus.”

Manystudentshadonlineclasses,buttheloudwindnoisesmadeithard

tohear.1．

WhendidawindstormhitNorthChinaaccordingtothe

passage?

⁠2．

Howfastwasthewindinmountainousareas?

⁠Thisweek(,awindstormhitNorthChina)．Over130km/h./Thewindinmountainousareaswasover130km/h.3．

Whydidtheskylooklikenighttimeduringtheday?

⁠4．

Whichcitiesreachedtheworstlevelofairpollution?

⁠Becausethethicksand(carriedbythestorm)darkenedthesky.BeijingandTianjin(reachedtheworstlevelofairpollution)．5．

Whatkindofthingsshouldwemoveintothehousetostaysafe?

⁠Lightthings./Weshouldmovelightthingsintothehousetostaysafe.熟词生义积累：(B)sweepA．

v.打扫；清除B．

v.席卷；横扫BB.

书面表达(2025东莞一模)面对自然灾害，人类的力量显得极其渺小，但我们

可以通过学习和准备，将灾难带来的伤害降至最低。在暴风雨多发的时

节，我们应当如何保护自己呢？请你根据以下思维导图的提示，以

“HowtoProtectOurselvesDuringaRainstorm”为题，用英文写一篇短

文，向英文网站投稿，提醒大家注意生命安全。

Step1审题①本文要求写在暴风雨天气中保护自己的方法，是说明文，属于建

议做法类话题；②作者身份是投稿学生，读者身份是英语网站编辑，因此用

⁠

(填人称)写作；③介绍暴风雨可能带来的危险及保护自己的措施，要用

⁠

(填时态)写作。第一

人称一般现在时

Step2列纲可能用到的短语/句式：1.

例如