高二英语选择性必修第二册Unit 1单元测试·基础卷（考试版A4）

Unit1ScienceandScientists单元测试・基础卷

（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）

注意事项：

I.本试卷分第1卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准

考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答笫I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动，

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答第n卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Manyinventorshavelefttheirmarksonhistoryintheirownways.Althoughthereareinventorswhoyou

mightnotknow,thatdoesn'tmeantheircontributionstosciencearelesssignificant.Keepreadingtoleamabout

somefamousinventors.

JohnDeere

JohnDeereisbestknownforbeinganinventorinihcagriculturalspace.Whenihcblacksmithnoticedhe

wasoftenmakingthesamerepairstowoodandcast-ironplowsusedbyfarmers,hebeganexperimentingwith

moredurableplowdesigns,whichhethensoldtolocalfarmers.Hissteelplowsexplodedinpopularityamong

manyfanners,withDeere'scompany（alsocalledJohnDeere）producing1,600plowsin1850.Thatsameyear,

thecompanystartedproducingothertoolsinadditiontoplows.

CharlesBabbage

Ifyou,rereadingthisonacomputer,youhavemathematicianandinventorCharlesBabbagetothank.

Althoughhedidn'tinventthecomputerasweknowittoday,hisideaslaidthegroundworkfbrmoderncomputers.

Becauseofthis,he'softenreferredtoas“Ihefatherofcomputing”.

SteveJobs

AlongwithSteveWozniak,SteveJobswasaninventorbehindAppleComputers.Asthenow-famousstory

goes,JobsandWozniakstartedAppleComputersinJobs'family'sgaragein1976,andtheworktheydidthere

madecomputersmoreaccessibleandmoreaffordableforconsumers.JobsleftApplein1985.buthereturnedin

1997andrevitalizedthecompany,leadingtothecreationofproductsliketheiPodandiPhone.

JoyMangano

Ifyou'veeverusedaMiracleMop,youhaveJoyManganotothank.The67-year-oldcreatedthe

innovativecleaningtoolin1990,whichshemarketedandsoldherself.Acoupleofyearsafterinventingthe

device,sheappearedonQVCtosellit,wheremorethan18,00()mopsweresoldwithinahalfhour.Inadditionto

theMiracleMop,ManganoisthecreatorofRolykit,HuggableHangers,andForeverFragrant.

I.WhatinspiredJohnDeeretoinventsteelplows?

A.Hiseagernesstoearnmoney.

B.Hisdreamofbecominganinventor.

C.Thefrequentrepairsthathehadtomake.

D.Thehighpriceofthewoodandcast-ironplows.

2.WhydopeoplerefertoCharlesBabbageas"thefatherofcomputing,,?

A.Heinventedthecomputer.

B.Heformedthebasisformoderncomputers.

C.Hewasagreatmathematicianandinventor.

D.Hewasthepersonwhofirsthadtheideaofreadingonacomputer.

3.Whomadeiteasierforbusyparentstokeepthehouseclean?

A.JohnDeere.B.CharlesBabbage.

C.SteveJobs.D.JoyMangano.

B

BornonJuly1st,1948,inthesmallItaliancityofPalmi,RobertoCreawasageniuskid.Hemovedtothe

Ncdicrlandsandmajuicdinbiologicaluhcmislry.Ilwasthisuniversitythatdirectedhisinterestintodiesynthesis

ofnucleotides,thebasicunitsthatarerequiredtobuildDNA.Atthattime,notmanyresearchersstudiedthe

combinationofgenes,butRoberto?sstrongchemistrybackgroundmadeahistoricalinventionpossible.

In1977,hejoinedGenentech,Inc.andthegenesynthesisteamalCityofHopeMedicalSchool.The

companyfundedDr.Crea'songoingresearchongenesynthesis.Afterworkingdayandnight,thebrilliant

individualfinallyinventedanewprocedurethatimprovedthechemicalsynthesisofgenes.Thankstohisrich

knowledgeandthejointeffortoftheexcellentGenentechteam,hemadeuseofthisinventiontcproducethe

humaninsulingenes,AandB.ItwashisinventionthatallowedGenentechtobelabeledasthefirstproducerof

humanprotein.Thisbenefitedhundredsofmillionsofpeoplesufferingfromdiabetesallovertheworld.

TodayRobertoisknownasthefatherofsyntheticinsulinandhadalmostwontheNobelPrize.Hisefforts

didnotstopafterdiscoveringthesyntheticinsulin;infact,hewasmorethandrivenandtriedtomakemore

contributionstothefieldofbiotechnology.Histeamofexpertsdiscoveredziconotidcunderhisteachingsand

guidance.Accordingtoleadingscientistsandresearchers,thisdrugismorepowerfulandeffectivethanmorphine,

andthebestpartofthisisthatithaszeroside-effects.Dr.RobertoCreahasalonglistofcreditablediscoveries

andresearchesthathehasachievedin76yearsofhislife.Heisarinspirationformanyindividualswhoaimto

addvaluetohumanitywiththehelpofscience.

4.WhatmaycontributetoRoberto'sinventionofthehumaninsulingenes?

A.Hisgoodluckinhislife.B.Hiscuriosityabouthisstudy.

C.Hiscreativeimagination.D.Hisknowledgeofchemistry.

5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords'thisinvention''inParagraph2referto?

A.Aspecialwayofproducinghumanprotein.B.Areliablemethodforcuringpeopleofdiabetes.

C.Anewprocedureforimprovinggenesynthesis.D.Asimpletechniqueofseparatinghumangenes.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutRobertoinParagraph3?

A.HewonaNobelPrize.B.Hestucktohisscientificresearch.

C.Hediscoveredmorphinewithhisteam.D.Heretiredaftermakingthegreatdiscovery.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRoberto?

A.Enthusiasticandgenerous.B.Courageousandcalm.

C.Ambitiousandpatient.D.Devotedandtalented.

C

Atypicallargetreecansuck,uplo40kilogianisofCO?onlofihcairoverlliccourseofayear.Now

scientistsatUCBerkeleysaytheycandothesamejobwithlessthanhalfapoundofayellowpowdercalled

COF-999.COF-999wasdesignedtotrapthegreenhousegas,andihmreleaseitwhenit'sreadytobestoredaway

someplace.

COF-999couldbeusedin(hekindsoflarge-scaledirectair-captureplants(hatarestarlingtocomeonline

toreducetheamountofCO2.KeepingtheconcentrationofatmosphericCO:below450partspermillion(ppm)is

necessarytolimitglobalwarmingto2*Cabovepreindustriallevelsandpreventsomeofthemostawful

consequencesofclimatechange,scientistssay.KlausLackner,ascientistatArizonaStateUniversitywhowasn't

involvedinthestudy,agreedthatdirectaircapturewillbecomeanimportanttoolforsequesteringcarbon（碳封存）

andcoolingtheplanet.

Totestthecarbon-clearingcapabilityofCOF-999,theresearcherspackeditintoatubeandexposeditto

outdoorairinBerkeleyfor20daysstraight.Astheairenteredthetube,itcontainedCO2inconcentrationsranging

from410ppmto517ppm.Whenitcameouttheotherside,noCO2wasdetected.

Accordingtoitscreators,itsporous（多孑L的）designincreasesitssurfacearea,whichmeansmoreplacesto

holdontoCO2molecules.Asaresult,itcapturesCO2ataratethatisatleast10timesfasterthanothermaterials

usedfordirectaircapture.Teammembershavecontinuedtomakeimprovementsandareontracktodoubleits

capacitywithinthenextyear.AnotherplusisthatCOF-999willloosenitsholdontheCO2whenheatedtoabout

60C.Similarmaterialsmustbeheatedto12ICtoextractcarbon.COF-999ismoredurableaswell.Theteam

hadtestedanewerversionthatworkedfor300cyclesbeforetheexperimentcametoanend."Achieving300

cycleswithoutanydeterioration（退化）suggeststhatthousandsofcyclesmaybepossible,MsaidOirarYaghi,the

study'sseniorauthor.

8.WhatisKlausLackner'sattitudetowarddirectaircapturetechnology?

A.Neutral.B.Supportive.C.Concerned.D.Skeptical.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it"inparagraph3referto?

A.CO2.B.Theair.C.COF-999.D.Thetube.

10.WhydoesCOF-999havehigherefficiencycomparedwithothermaterials?

A.It'seasiertoworkonalargescale.B.Itcanbereusedthousandsoftimes.

C.Itsporousdesignincreasesitscapacity.D.Itrequiresahighertemperaturetoextractcarbon.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.AnewmaterialcapturingCO2efficiently.

B.WaysloicduccaliiiubpliviiuCO2levels.

C.TheimportanceofreducingCO2emissions.

D.Theeffectsofglobalwarmingontheenvironment.

D

AnAIenablingrobotstodochoreslikemakingthebedorcleaningthefloorinhomesithasneverseen

beforecouldallowmanymorerobotstobecomegenerallyuseful,itscreatorssay.

Largelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatpowertoolslikeChatGPThaveimprovedrobots'abilitytocarryout

spokenrequests.However,mostrobotsworkwellonlyinenvironmentsinwhichtheyhavebeentrained.

Now,SergeyLevineatroboticscompanyPhysicalIntelligenceinSanFranciscoandhiscolleagueshave

developedanartificialintelligencemodelcalledxo.5thatallowsrobotstoworkinrealhomesthattheyhave

neverseenbefore.Themodelistrainedusingdatafromanunusuallywiderangeofsources,includingmany

differentkindsofrobotsworkinginlabandhomesettings,aswellasplentifuldatafromtheweb,suchasimage

andobjectdatabases.

WhenLevineandhisteamtestedtheAImodelonrobotstheyhadbuiltusingoff-the-shelfparts,97percent

ofthetrainingdatacamefromsourcesotherthantherobotitself."Becausen0.5cantakefulladvantageofother

datasources,fromthewebandotherkindsofrobots,thenitcanhavethisbroadergeneralisation,''saysLevine.

Theteamtestedhowwelltherobotsperformedwheninstructedtodochoressuchasputtingplatesinthe

sink,puttingshoppingawayindrawersandplacingdirtyclothesinabasket.Theydidn'tworkperfectlyevery

time."Whenitcomestothepracticalutilityofthismodel,it'sdefinitelynotthereyet,inthesensethatthisisnota

homerobotthatsomebodycouldbuyandputintheirhome,^^saysLevine.Buthealsosaysthattherobots'

performanceappearstoimproveinapredictablewayastheyaretestedinincreasingnumbersofhomes.This

trend(趋势)issimilartohowlanguageAIperformancewasfoundtopredictablyimproveasmoredatawas

added.

“Thevideostheyshowarcquiteimpressive,“saysPedroLimaattheUniversityofLisboninPortugal.

However,therobotsperformtheirtasksatleastfivetimesslowerthanahuman,sometimestaking10to15

minutestofinish,whichcouldbedifficult(oimprove,hesays.

12.Whatisthepurposeofwritingparagraph2?

A.Toprovideexamples.B.Toaddbackgrounds.

C.Tomakecomparisons.D.Tosupportassumptions.

13.WhatmakestheviO.5modeldi(lerenlGuintiadilionalmodels?

A.Usingdatafromvarioussources.B.Workingfasterthanhumanbeings.

C.Beingtestedonlyinlabenvironments.D.Relyingonself-collectedtrainingdata.

14.WhatcanwcinferabouttheM.5modelpoweredrobotsfromLevine'swords?

A.Theyarcsuitableforhomeusenow.

B.Morehometestscanhelpimprovethem.

C.Iheyfailtocompletesimplehousework.

D.Webdatahaslittleeffectontheirperformance.

15.WhatisPedroLima'sattitudeTowardsthe7t().5modelpoweredrobots?

A.Negative.B.Confident.C.Objective.D.Unconcerned.

第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12・5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项

Almostone-thirdofadultsaged65andolderhaveneverusedtheInternet,andhalfdon'thaveInternet

accessathome.OfthosewhodousetheInternet,nearlyhalfneedsomeoneelse'shelptosetupanewdigital

device.

16Ifwedonotprovidetechnologyaccessandtrainingtoolderadults,weshutthemoutfrom

society,worseningthelonelinessamongtheelderly,whichhasbeenassociatedwithdepression,functionaldecline,

anddeath.Technologycanserveasanimportanttooltohelpreducetheserisks,butonlyifwcprovideolder

adultswiththeskills(heyneedtoaccessourdigitalworld.

Thereisconcernaboutdigitaltechnologyuseincreasingisolation(孤立)amongyoungerpopulations.

17Thisisespeciallytrueforthosewholivefarawayfromfamilyorhavelost(helovedonestheyreliedon

forsocialsupportintheiryoungeryears.Elderscanuseonlinetoolstoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyevenif

theycannolongerphysicallyvisitthem.

Wcneedprogramstoimproveolderadults'useoftechnologyandconfidenceinkeydigitalskills.18

TheyalsoneedtohavetechsupportcalllinestailoredtoolderadultslessfamiliarwiththeInternet.

Tobesure,manyolderadultsexpressalackofinterestintechnology.19Appropriatetrainingcan

helptoovercomethesefearsandgenerateinterest.

Withgreaterinvestmentinprovidingaccessibledevicesanddigitaltraining,technologyhasthepotentialto

becomeapowerfultoolforreducinglonelinessamongolderadults,empoweringthemtoconnect,create,and

cunlribulconline.20

A.Thisprobablyresultsfromafearofit.

B.Technologyissurelysignificanttothesociety.

C.Asoneelderputit,"It'stimetocatchupandjointheworld.^^

D.However,it'snotcertainthatthisisolationwillappearornot.

E.Technologycompaniesshoulddesigndevicesspecificallyfbrelders.

b.However,theconnectionthatispossibleonlinecanbevaluableiorolderadults.

G.Masteringdigitaltechnologyisakeyaspectofseniorcitizens'participationinsociety.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项

WilliamThomsonwasbornon26June,1824inBelfast.Hewastaughtbyhisfather,aprofessorof

mathematics.In1832,thefamilymovedtoGlasgowwhereThomsonattendeduniversityattheageof10,then

studiedatCambridgeandParisUniversities.In1846hebecameprofessorofnaturalphilosophyinGlasgow,a

posthe21formorethan50years.

InGlasgow,Thomson22thefirstphysicslaboratoryinBritain.Hewasapioneerinir.anydifferent

23,particularlyelectromagnetism（电磁学）andthermodynamics（热力学）.24Faraday（法拉第），he

wasresponsiblefortheintroductionofthe25ofanelectromagneticfieldwhereThomsondevelopedthe

workofthe26ofthesubject.NicolasCarnotandJamesJoule.Oneofthemost27resultsofhis

workwashisideaofanabsolutezerooftemperature—（hescalebasedonthisisnamed28him.

ThroughouthisworkThomson'smaingoalwasthepracticaluseofscience.Heachieved29through

hisworkonsubmarinetelegraphy,amajorpracticalproblemoftheday.Hewas30asascientificadviser

inthelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin1857-1858and1865-1866,forwhichhewasknightedin1866.His

31inmarineissuesalsoinspiredhimtodevelopamariners'compassand32atidemachineand

depthmeasuringequipment.HeinventedmanyelectricalinstrumentsandhishouseinGlasgowwasthefirsttobe

33byelectriclight.

Thomsonwasraisedtothenoblemenwith（he34ofBaronKelvinofLargsin1892.TheKelvin

wasasmallriverthatflowednearGlasgowUniversityandhewaspresidentoftheroyalSocietyfrom1890to

1895.Hediedon17December,1907,inAyrshire,Scotlandandwas35inWestminsterAbbey.

21.A.soughtB.convincedC.admiredD.held

22.A.tookupB.biokeupC.setupD.blewup

23.A.fieldsB.countriesC.labsD.colleges

24.A.InspiteofB.ExceptforC.TogetherwithD.Regardlessof

25.A.commandB.conditionC.contractD.concept

26.A.learnersB.pioneersC.competitorsD.enemies

27.A.importantB.domesticC.fortunateD.positive

28.A.torB.withC.alterD.on

29.A.aspectB.fameC.contributionD.enthusiasm

30.A.consideredB.attractedC.employedD.accused

31.A.hobbyB.desirec.successD.interest

32.A.operateB.inventc.controlD.produce

33.A.litB.builtc.decoratedD.equipped

34.A.titleB.namec.honorD.award

35.A.preservedB.respectedc.admittedD.buried

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

InMarch2025,Chinamadegreat36(achieve)indifferentfields.TheMinistryofEducationlaunched

the“SpringEmploymentPromotionAction“forthe2025collegegraduatingclass,awell-designedprogram37

(aim)athelpingthemfindjobseasily.Thisactionincludedvariousstrategies,38organizingjobfairsand

offeringcareerguidance.

Atthesametime,thelaunchofcommunicationtechnologytestsatelliteNo.15was39hugesuccess.

Thislaunchnotonlyrepresentedabreakthroughinournation'sspaceendeavorsbutalso40(mark)abig

stepforwardintheaerospaceindjstry,41(show)theresultsofyearsresearch.Scientistscompletedthe

global-firstmappingofthedeepestoceanecosystemwiththe“Striver“mannedsubmersible(潜水2M),42

revealedtheuniquewaysabyssallifeadapts.

Inaddition,43(China)largestultra-deepoilandgasproductionbase,(heTarimOilfield,had

cumulativelyproduced150milliontonsofoilandgasequivalentfromdeepformations.Theseremarkableevents

showthecontinuousprogressofChina,bringingmorehopeandconfidencetothefuture.Theyalsoinspireyoung

people44(work)hardandcontributetothenation'sdevelopment,ensuringthatChina45(steady)

movesforwardinvariousaspects.

第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

46.你校英语社团拟举办主题为，•科技与生活”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：

I.科技如何改变生活；

2.你的看法。

注意：

1.词数80左右;

2.题目已给出，不计入总词数。

TechnologyandLife

第二节（满分25分）

47.阅读下面材