2025-2026年高考英语月考必刷题-说明文

第1页（共1页）2025-2026年高考英语月考必刷题——说明文一．阅读理解（共20小题）1．（2025秋•丰台区期末）Wearefinallystartingtobuildapictureofthemanydifferentwaysofthinking，andunderstandhowyourinnermindscapeaffectsyourexperienceofreality.In1973，RussellHurlburtattheUniversityofNevada，LasVegas，inventedamethodthatwouldgiveusabetterhandleonintrospective（内省的）experiences：abeeperthatattachestotheearandsoundsatrandomintervals.Ateachbeep，volunteersrecordtheircurrentinnerexperience，whichislaterdiscussedindetailwithresearchers.Thismethod，calleddescriptiveexperiencesampling，hasbeenusedwiththousandsofpeopleoverthedecades."Afterfourorfivedays，youhaveaprettygoodsenseofsomeone'sinnerexperience，"Hurlburtsays.That'snottosayitiseasy.Thefirstsurprisewasthatpeoplereallystruggletointrospect，somuchsothatbeeperstudiestendtoignorethefirstday'sdataasitistoounreliable.Evendefininga"thought"istricky.WhatHurlburt'smethodrevealsisthatourthoughtsseemtoincludefivecommonphenomena：innerspeech，innerseeing，feelings，sensoryawareness，andunsymbolizedthinking.Thesecondsurprisewasthatwearepoorjudgesofwhatisgoingoninsideourownheads.Beeperstudiesaretime﹣consuming，soself﹣reportquestionnairesaskingpeoplehowtheythinkaremorecommon.Comparingthesetwoapproachesrevealsshockingdifferences.Researchsuggeststhatwemassivelyoverestimatetheamountofthinkingwedoinallfivemainphenomena，withtheresultsofself﹣reportquestionnairesbeingbetweentwoandfourtimeshigherthanthoseofdescriptiveexperiencesampling.Whathasbecomeclearisthatweallthinkusingourowncombinationofphenomena.Eachofthefivemaintypesappearsinabout25%ofbeeps.Asinglethoughtmightcontainfiveormoreseparatesimultaneousimagesalongwithinnerspeechaboutsomethingelseentirely.Descriptiveexperiencesamplingalsochallengesthesimpledichotomy（二分法）betweenmind﹣wanderingandfocusedthought.CharlesFernattheUniversityofDurhamfoundthatabout40%ofthoughtsdon'tfitneatlyintoeithercategory，suggestingbothstatescanbeactivesimultaneouslyatdifferentlevels."People'sexperiencesseemtounfoldonmultiple，parallel，simultaneoustracks，"hesays.Eveninnerspeechisnotasinglething."It'sakindoflanguage，andlanguageisincrediblyversatile，"saysFern.Itcanbeamonologue，dialogue，emotional，ordispassionate.Similarly，innerseeingvariesgreatly.Theideathatpeopleareeithervisualorverbalthinkersisamisconception."Weconsistentlyfindpositivecorrelations，"saysFern.Peoplewithvividinnerimageryalsotendtohaveavocalinnervoice.Ourmindsoftenblenddifferentthoughtformsinwaysresemblingsynesthesia（通感）."Untilveryrecently，bothphilosophersandscientistshaveassumedthateverybodythinksjustlikethem，"saysFionaMacphersonoftheUniversityofGlasgow."Wenowknowthere'salotthatisverydifferent."（1）Descriptiveexperiencesamplingcanhelpresearchers.A.recordpeople'sdailyactivitiesregularlyB.getspecificindividuals'innerexperienceC.testvolunteers'responsetorandombeepsD.predictpeople'sself﹣reflectiveexperience（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.Peoplecanbeneatlydividedintoverbalorvisualthinkers.B.Overestimationofinnerexperienceleadstopoorintrospection.C.Ourinnerexperienceisricherandmoremixedthanweassume.D.Thedifficultyindefining"thought"addsinaccurateself﹣reports.（3）Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhispassage？A.Clarifyaconcept.B.Makecomparisons.C.Illustrateanapproach.D.Presentresearchfindings.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.DoYouThinktheSameWayasOthers？B.CanWeTrulyUnderstandEachOther？C.HowDoYouDefineYourThoughts？D.HowWellDoYouKnowYourself？2．（2025秋•丰台区期末）RarelyadaygoesbythatIdon'tnoticeacartravelingeastdownmyquietone﹣waystreet，whichrunswest.Theyaren'tbreakingtherulesonpurpose—they'vejustfailedtorealisethey'remakingamistake.Andwhy？Ifyou'redrivingtherightway，youwillnoticewhitearrowsonabluebackgroundindicatingasmuch.Butifyou'redrivingthewrongway？Nothing.Thisisananalogy（类比）oflife.Whenweperformwell，wereceivevaguepraise.Butwhenwearewrong？Usually，silence—untilfailurestrikes.Timely，specificcriticismisrarebeforethingsgobadlywrong.Sometimesthesignsareinfrontofus，butwelookaway.In2019，tworesearchersatChicago'sBoothschool，LaurenAdamandAyeletFisherman，publishedanarticlepresentingseveralstudiesoftheeffectoffeedbackonlearning，inwhichsubjectswereofferedtwoplausibleanswerstoadifficultquestion，andinvitedtopickone.Inmostcases，thiswasaguess.After10answers，thesubjectswereeithershownalltheanswerstheyhadgotright，orshownalltheanswerstheyhadgotwrong.Logicallyspeaking，sincethesewereallbinaryquestions，thatamountstothesamething.ButAdamandFishermanfoundthattheemotionalframingmattered.Whenpeoplewereshowntheirsuccesses，theylearnt—anddidbetteronafollow﹣uptest.Whenpeoplewereshowntheirfailures，theydidnotimprove.Theresearcherssuggestthatpeopledon'tmuchcaretothinkovertheirerrors，andsoarequicktomoveonandforget—especiallyinanexperimentsuchasthis，whentheconsequencesoffurthererrorsaretrivial.Whenshowntheirsuccesses，theypausetosavourthemoment.Thismayhelptoexplainwhysomanyofusarefacedwiththeone﹣way﹣streetproblem：everyoneishappytoshareafriendlywordofreassurance，butfewpeoplearekeentooffercriticism，evenwhenspecificallyrequested.Sowhattodo？Onetacticistoaskforadvice，insteadoffeedback.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfoundthataskingforadvicepromptsmorecritical，actionablecommentsfocusedonfutureimprovements.Anotherapproach，demonstratedbypsychologistAdamGrant，involvesatwo﹣stepprocess：first，askforarating（e.g.，"9outof10"），thenfollowupwith，"Whatwouldmakeita10？"Thisencouragesconstructivesuggestions.Butconstructivefeedbackofamoregeneralnatureremainsdifficulttoachieve.OneideaI'veplayedwithrecentlyhasbecomepopularintabletoprole﹣playinggames—it'scalled"starsandwishes".Afteragame，Iaskplayersfor"stars"（momentstheyenjoyed）and"wishes"（thingsthey'dliketoseenexttime）.Wishescreateafriendlyspaceforconstructiveideas—evenifnotallresponsesareactionable，theactofaskingencouragespeopletosharehonestthoughtsImightotherwisemiss.Intheend，Ilearnmorebyframingfeedbackas"wishes"thanbystayingsilent.I'mnotsurehowyourbosswouldrespondtoarequestfor"starsandwishes"，butthespiritistherightone.Ifwewanttimely，usefulcriticismfromothers，wemustbecleverinhowweaskforit.Otherwiseourcolleagueswillbeastactfullyuncommunicativeasthosenon﹣existentsignsforthosedrivingthewrongwaydownmystreet.（1）Theauthorusesthe"one﹣waystreet"analogymainlytoillustrate.A.theintentionaldesignofmisleadingsystemsB.acommonprobleminurbantrafficplanningC.people'stendencytoignoreclearinstructionsD.thelackofguidanceforthosemakingmistakes（2）Theunderlinedphrase"emotionalframing"inParagraph4mostprobablymeans.A.theemotionalresponseheldbackbyfeedbackB.theinfluenceofpriorexperiencesonfeedbackC.thewayfeedbackispresentedtoaffectperceptionsD.theidenticalfeedbacktoanswerstobinaryquestions（3）Whatcanbeinferredaboutfeedbackfromthepassage？A.Askingforadviceisthefirststeptowardsusefulfeedback.B.Peoplemayconsidergivingnegativefeedbackineffective.C.The"starsandwishes"methodguaranteeshonestfeedback.D.Constructivesuggestionsmakepeoplewillingtogivefeedback.（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A.Whyfeedbackalwaysfailsus.B.Howweobtainconstructivecriticism.C.Whathelpssetupthefeedbacksystem.D.Whereconstructivecriticismcomesfrom.3．（2025秋•盐城月考）Thesoft，gentlemurmursofababy'sfirstexpressions，likelittlewhispersofjoyandwondertoparents，areactuallysignsthatthebaby'sheartisworkingrhythmicallyinconcertwithdevelopingspeech.JeremyI.Borjon，assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofHouston，isreportinginProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesthatababy'sfirstsweetsoundsandearlyattemptsatformingwordsaredirectlylinkedtothebaby'sheartrate.Thefindingshaveimplicationsforunderstandinglanguagedevelopmentandpotentialearlyindicatorsofspeechandcommunicationdisorders.Forinfants（婴儿），producingrecognizablespeechismorethanacognitiveprocess.Itisamotorskillthatrequiresthemtolearntocoordinate（协调）multiplemusclesofvaryingfunctionacrosstheirbody.Thiscoordinationisdirectlylinkedtoongoingfluctuations（波动）inheartrate.Borjoninvestigatedwhetherthesefluctuationsinheartrateareconsistentwithvocal（声音的）productionandwordproductionin24﹣month﹣oldbabies.Hefoundthatheartratefluctuationsmatchthetimingofvocalizationsandareassociationsandareassociationandthelikelihoodofproducingrecognizablespeech."Itturnsoutinfantsweremostlikelytomakeavocalizationwhentheirheartratefluctuationhadreachedalocalpeak（maximum）orlocaltrough（minimum），"reportsBorjon."Vocalizationsproducedatthepeakwerelongerthanexpectedbychance.Vocalizationsproducedjustbeforethetrough，whileheartrateisdecreasing，weremorelikelytoberecognizedasawordbylisteners."Borjonandhisteammeasuredatotalof2，708vocalizationsproducedby34infantsbetween18and27monthsofagewhilethebabiesplayedwithacaregiver.Infantsinthisagegrouptypicallydon'tspeakwholewordsyet，andonlyasmallsubsetofthevocalizationscouldbereliablyidentifiedaswordsbylisteners（10.3%）."Everysoundaninfantmakeshelpstheirbrainandbodylearnhowtocoordinatewitheachother，eventuallyleadingtospeech，"Borjonsaid.Therelationshipbetweenrecognizablevocalizationsanddecreasingheartratemayimplythatthesuccessfuldevelopmentofspeechpartiallydependsoninfantsexperiencingpredictablerangesofautonomicactivitythroughdevelopment."Understandinghowtheautonomicnervoussystemrelatestoinfantvocalizationsoverdevelopmentisacriticalavenueoffutureresearchforunderstandinghowlanguageemerges，aswellasriskfactorsforatypical（非典型的）languagedevelopment，"saidBorjon.（1）Whatisthefocusoftheresearchregardingbabies？A.Caregivers'roleinearlyspeech.B.Theimportanceofbodycoordination.C.Motorskills'impactonearlyspeech.D.Heartrate'sconnectiontoearlyspeech.（2）Whatdoesparagraph3aimtostress？A.Thechallengesoflearningtospeak.B.Theimportanceofbodycoordination.C.Thetheoreticalfoundationofthestudy.D.Thecomplexityoflanguagedevelopment.（3）Whenareinfants'soundsmostlikelyrecognizedaswords？A.Whenheartrateisstable.B.Whenheartrateisincreasing.C.Whenheartrateisatapeak.D.Whenheartrateisslowingdown.（4）Whatisapotentialbenefitoftheresearchforparents？A.Toteachchildrentospeakearly.B.Todetectbabies'speechdelaysearlier.C.Tomonitorbabies'heartratebetter.D.Toimproveparent﹣childcommunication.4．（2025秋•济宁期末）HaveyoueverstaredatVincentvanGogh'siconicpaintingTheStarryNightandfeltlikeyoucouldalmostseetheskymoving？Well，itturnsoutthatyoureyesweren'tplayingtricksonyou.Ateamofresearchershasdiscoveredthattheswirling（旋动）patternsinvanGogh'smasterpieceactuallymirrorreal﹣worldatmosphericturbulence（湍流）withsurprisingaccuracy！TheresearchersusedsomeclevertechniquestoanalyzevanGogh'sbrushstrokes.Theytreatedthevaryingbrightnessofthepaintcolorsasastand﹣infortheenergyofphysicalmovementintheatmosphere.Whattheyfoundwasastonishing.ThepatternsinTheStarryNightcorrespondtotwoimportantprinciplesinfluiddynamics：Kolmogorov'slawandBatchelor'sscaling.Don'tworryifthesetermssoundabstruse﹣let'sbreakthemdown.Kolmogorov'slawdescribeshowenergymovesfromlargertosmallerscalesinturbulentflows.Imagineabigswirlbreakingdownintosmallerandsmallerones.Thisiswhathappensintheatmosphere，oceans...andamazingly，it'swhatvanGogh'sworkseemstorepresent.Batchelor'sscaling，ontheotherhand，dealswithhowsmall﹣scaleturbulencebehaves.TheresearchersfoundthatthefinedetailsinvanGogh'sbrushstrokesmatchthisprinciple，whichdescribeshowsubstanceslikeheatorpollutantsspreadinaturbulentfluid.Findingbothofthesepatternsinonesystemisrare，whichmakesthisdiscoveryevenmoreexciting."Itrevealsadeepandintuitiveunderstandingofnaturalphenomena.VanGogh'spreciserepresentationofturbulencemightbefromstudyingthemovementofcloudsandtheatmosphereoraninbornsenseofhowtocapturethedynamismofthesky，"saysYongxiangHuang，thestudy'sleadauthor.Thefactthatanartistinthe19thcenturycouldcapturethesecomplexdynamicssoaccuratelyismind﹣blowing.Thisresearchopensupexcitingpossibilitiesfortheintersectionofartandscience.Itshowsthatbeautyandscientificaccuracyaren'tmutuallyexclusive﹣theymightbemorecloselylinkedthanwerealize.So，thenexttimeyoulookatTheStarryNight，rememberthatyou'renotjustseeingabeautifulpainting.You'rewitnessingasnapshotoftheswirling，turbulentdanceoftheatmosphere.（1）Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"abstruse"inparagraph2？A.InappropriateB.IncomprehensibleC.InseparableD.Inaccurate（2）WhichofthefollowingbestillustratesKolmogorov'slaw？A.B.C.D.（3）Whatisthepurposeofparagraph4？A.Tostressthesignificanceofthediscovery.B.Tostatethecomplexityofnaturalphenomena.C.ToapplaudtheexceptionaltalentofvanGogh.D.Torevealthelimitationsofthe19thcenturyartists.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.VanGogh：APioneerofTurbulenceResearchB.VanGogh：ATalentedArtistorANaturalScientistC.TheStarryNight：BeautyMeetsScientificPrecisionD.TheStarryNight：ArtTeachesAtmosphericPhysics5．（2025•安徽模拟）Plantsundergoingstress，suchasdroughtorinsectdamage，usevariousstrategiestodefendthemselvesandwarnothersof：danger.Somereleasestrongsmells，whileothers：changecolorandshape.Arecentstudyfoundthatstressedplantsevenproducepoppingorclickingsounds.However，humanscannothearthembecausetheyareatfrequenciesbeyondourhearingrange.Fortheirresearch，Dr.LilachHadanyandherteamatIsrael'sTelAvivUniversityselectedtomatoandtobaccoplants.Theystressedsomeplantsbyeithernotwateringthemforafewdaysorcuttingtheirstems.Theteamthenusedspecialmicrophonestorecordthesounds，firstinasoundproofroomandlaterinanoisiergreenhouse.Ananalysisusingaspecialalgorithmfoundthattheunstressedplantsmadelittletonosound.However，thestressedplantsweremuchnoisier.Theyemittedupto40clicksandpopsperhour，dependingonthespecies.Interestingly，themoisture﹣lessplantsbeganmakingnoisebeforeanyvisiblesignsofdehydration，suggestinganearly﹣warningmechanism.Thesoundsincreasedastheplantbecamedrier，butstoppedcompletelyonceitdriedout.Thescientistssuspectthatthesesoundsmayresultfromairbubblesformingandcollapsingwithintheplant'swatertransportsystem."Unstressedplantsemittedlessthanonesoundperhour，onaverage，"saidHadany."Thestressedplants﹣bothwater﹣deprivedandinjured—emitteddozensofsoundseveryhour."Hadanybelievestheseclickingsoundsmaywarnnearbyplantsofdanger.Shealsotheorizesthatanimalswithultrasonic（超声）hearingcapabilitiesmightbenefitfromthesesounds."Forexample，amoththatintendstolayeggsonaplantorananimalthatintendstoeataplantcouldusethesoundstohelpguidetheirdecision，"sheexplains.Thescientistsbelievetheirdiscoverycouldbeverybeneficialtofarmers.Withclimatechangecausingunpredictabledroughts，theycouldusesound﹣detectingdevicestoidentifywhencropsneedwaterorextracare.（1）WhatistheprimaryfindingofDr.Hadany'sstudy？A.Droughtcausesplantstolosenutrientsrapidly.B.Plantscancommunicatewithhumansusingsound.C.Stressedplantsproducesoundsthathumanscan'thear.D.Stressedplantsreleasestrongsmellsinresponsetothreats.（2）Howdidtheresearcherscollectdatainthestudy？A.Byanalyzingplantsoundswithanalgorithm.B.Byobservingplantcolorandshapechanges.C.Bycomparingplantgrowthindifferentenvironments.D.Byrecordingsoundsfromstressedandunstressedplants.（3）Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword"dehydration"inParagraph4？A.Lackofwater.B.Lossofnutrients.C.Exposuretostress.D.Damagecausedbyinsects.（4）Whyisthestudysignificantforagriculture？A.Itallowsfarmerstoprovidetimelycarefortheircrops.B.Ithelpsfarmersidentifyplantdiseasesmoreeffectively.C.Itenablesscientiststodevelopplantsthatneedlesswater.D.Itintroducesanewirrigationmethodforcropsindryareas.6．（2025•浙江一模）Whenwethinkaboutinvertebrates（无脊椎动物），mostofuspicturebees，worms，orperhapsevenbutterflies.Butdidyouknowthatatleasttwothirdsofinvertebratesworkthenightshift，meaningmanyareunlikelytobeseen？Theyusephasesofthemoonandstarlighttolearnabouttheworldandmakevitaldecisions.Manyinsectsusethefaintglowofthemoonorstarstotellwhichwayisupwhenflyingincompletedarkness.Forcenturies，artificiallighthasbeenasymbolofprogress.Lighthasshapedhumancivilization.Butwhilewecelebrateitsconvenience，weoftenoverlookthedarkersideofourcrazeforillumination（照明）：lightpollution.It'sadisturberofecosystems，withprofoundconsequencesforwildlife，humanhealthandenergyconsumption.A2021studyfoundthatcaterpillar（毛虫）populationswere52%lowerinareaswithstreetlights.Thewintermoth（蛾）isasmallbutecologicallyimportantspecies.Alargeproportionoftheirpopulationiscaterpillars.Lightpollutiondisorients（使迷惑方向）theadultmoths，disturbsmatingandaffectslaying，leadingtofewercaterpillars.Withdecliningcaterpillarnumbers，bluetits（蓝山雀）struggletofeedtheiryoung.Inonesense，lightpollutionisrelativelyeasytofix—wecansimplynotturnonthelightsandallowthenighttobelightednaturallybymoonlight.Logically，thisismostlynotfeasibleaslightsaremeantforthebenefitofhumanswhoareoftenunwillingtogivethemup.Intheabsenceofturningoffthelights，thereareothermanagementapproacheswecantaketolessentheirimpact.Wecanlimittheirnumber，reducetheirintensityandthetimetheyareon.Theextenttowhichinvertebrateshaverespondedtoartificiallightremainsunspecifiedanditalsoremainsunknownwhethertheycanadapttoadditionaltemporalchanges.Thesechangeslikelyaffectindividualfitness，soadditionalstudiesareneededtodeterminetheselectivepressureartificiallightproduces.Aninterdisciplinary（跨学科）approachisrequiredtodeterminebroaderscaleeffectsofartificiallightonwildlifebiodiversityandecosystemhealth，andtodeterminerelevantstrategies.（1）Whatdoweknowaboutthemajorityofinvertebrates？A.Theyareactiveatnight.B.Theyusedarknesstohide.C.Theyarebecomingextinct.D.Theyareintelligentcreatures.（2）Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebymentioningcaterpillarpopulationsinparagraph3？A.Thechallengeinwildlifeconservation.B.Theimportanceofabalancedecosystem.C.Theurgencyofsavingspeciesthroughfood.D.Theeffectoflightpollutiononthefoodchain.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"feasible"inparagraph4mean？A.Odd.B.Crazy.C.Workable.D.Disturbing.（4）Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpollutionmanagementproposals？A.Theyarepioneering.B.Theyareeasytoapply.C.Theyprovetobeeffective.D.Theycallforin﹣depthresearch.7．（2024秋•天津期末）QinXiaoya，avirtualfigureplayingayoungfemaleroleinQinqiangOpera，hascaughtpeople'sattentionsinceitmadeitsdebut（首次登台）inanartfestivalinXi'an，capitalofNorthwestChina'sShaanxiProvince.Thedesignteamemployed3Dmodelingtocopytheoriginalclothesandaccessories（配饰）ofthevirtualactress."Tomakehertruetolife，wewenttogreatefforttoreproducehergesturesanddecorationswiththerealvoiceoftheoperaperformer，"saidZhangXi，ateammember.QinqiangOpera，aChinesefolkoperaoriginatingintheWesternZhouDynasty（1046BC﹣771BC），continuestothriveinavastregionofNorthwestChinaandwasaddedtothecountry'sintangibleculturalheritagelistin2006.Asanewcomertothisancientart，QinXiaoyademonstratesayouthfulimage.InamusicvideofortheNinthChinaQinqiangOperaArtsFestivalheldinJune，sheperformedQinqiangOperaremixedwithrock'n'roll，fuelingtheinterestofyoungpeople."Thoughcreatingsuchafigureisnoteasy，wemadetheexpressionofthischaracteraccurateandvivid，byusinghighstandardtechnologicalmethods"Zhangsaid."WehopetomakeheraspokespersonforQinqiangOperaartandmakerelatedcartoons，moviesandotherdiversifiedproductsinthefuture，"saidZhang，addingthattheyaredevelopingmorefunctionsforthevirtualfigure，whoisexpectedtointeractwithcitizensvialivestreaming.Thetechnologythatisappliedintotheoperacanalsobefoundamongcinematictechniques.Tappingherfingerstotherhythmofthemusicandsingingalongwithactors，XiaoJie，a59﹣year﹣oldoperafan，enjoysa3DQinqiangOperafilmThreeDropsofBlood.RegardedasamasterpieceinQinqiangOpera，ThreeDropsofBlood，createdin1918anddeeplycriticalofpedanticbureaucrats（迂腐的官僚主义）infeudalsociety，hasbeenoftenfrequentedbyfansoverthepastcentury."Iwatchedablack﹣and﹣whitefilmoftheoperawhenIwasyoung.Atthistime，watchingitina3Dformistrulyintriguing.The3Dfilmmakethecenturies﹣oldarttakeonanewlook﹣wecanhaveacloserandclearerlookattheperformance，"saidXiao.Chineseoperashavelonghistoricaltiestomovies，forexample，thefirstmovieinChina，TheBattleofDingjunshan，screenedin1905，wasadaptedfromclipsfromPekingOpera.（1）TheauthormentionsQinXiaoyaatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.A.anewrealperformerofQinqiangOpera.B.theapplicationoftechnologyintheartofQinqiangOpera.C.theoriginofQinqiangOpera.D.therelationshipbetweenQinqiangOperaandmovies.（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.QinXiaoyaisafigurefromWesternZhouDynasty.B.QinqiangOperaoriginatesintheEasternZhouDynasty.C.QinXiaoya'sperformanceinJunecombinedQinOperawithrockmusic.D.QinXiaoyashowstheimageofamiddle﹣agedperson.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"diversified"inParagraph6mean？A.various.B.appealing.C.elegant.D.tasteless.（4）WhatcanbeinferredfromXiaoJie？A.Hefindstherhythmofthefilmhardtofollow.B.Hethinksthethemeofthepassageshouldbecritical.C.Heistotallyintriguedbythe3Dfilm.D.Hesuggestsaudiencetoappearin3Dcinemafrequently.（5）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？A.TechnologyelementsinQinqiangoperaarewelcomedbyseniorfans.B.QinqiangoperaisadaptedfromPekingOpera.C.Qinqiangoperaisabondbetweentheoldandtheyoung.D.TechnologymakesQinqiangoperashowanewlook.8．（2025秋•海淀区校级月考）Escapingpredators，digestionandotheranimalactivities—includingthoseofhumans—requireoxygen.Butthatessentialingredientisnolongersoeasyformarinelifetoobtain，severalnewstudiesreveal.Inthepastdecadeoceanoxygenlevelshavetakenadive—analarmingtrendthatislinkedtoclimatechange，saysAndreasOschlies，anoceanographerattheHelmholtzCenterforOceanResearchinGermany，whoseteamtracksoceanoxygenlevelsworldwide."Weweresurprisedbytheintensityofthechangeswesaw，howrapidlyoxygenisgoingdownintheoceanandhowlargetheeffectsonmarineecosystemsare，"hesays.Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen，butthescaleofthedipcallsforurgentattention.Oxygenlevelsinsometropicalregionshavedropped.byanastonishing40percentinthelast50years，somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedroppedlesssignificantlyelsewhere，withanaveragelossof2percentglobally.Awarmingoceanlosesoxygenfortworeasons：First，thewarmeraliquidbecomes，thelessgasitcanhold.Thatiswhycarbonateddrinksgoflatfasterwhenleftinthesun，Oschliessay.Second，aspolarseaicemelts，itformsalayerofwaterabovecolder，moresaltyseawaters.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrentsfrommixingsurfacewaterdowntodeeperdepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthishabitatatthesurface—eitherdirectlyfromtheatmosphereorfromsurface—dwellingphytoplankton（浮游植物）producingitduringphotosynthesis（光合作用）—lessmixingmeanslessofitatdepth.Oceananimalslargeandsmall，however，respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefugeinhigheroxygenzonesorbyadjustingbehavior，Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhavefound.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood—scarceregions.Climatechangealreadyposesseriousproblemsformarinelife，suchasoceanacidification，butdeoxygenationisthemostpressingissuefacingseaanimalstoday，Oschliessays.Afterall，hesays，"theyallhavetobreathe."Theeffectsofevenverysubtledipsinoxygenonwhereanimalsatthebaseofthefoodwebcongregateinthewatercolumnweredocumentedinasciencereport.Somespeciesswimtodeeper，coolerwaterwithmoreoxygen，butitdoesn'tworkforthembecauseitcanbehardertofindfoodorreproduceinlower﹣temperaturewaters.Asidefromfoodwebdisruptions，animalsfacevariousotherphysiologicalchallengesastheirbodiesadjusttoloweroxygenlevels.Chineseshrimpsfliptheirtailslessvigorouslytopreserveenergyinloweroxygenenvironments，becominglessagileasaresult.Also，somemalefisheshaveshownmorefragileabilityinreproductionandthetrenddoesnotseemtobouncebackinfuturegenerationswhenoxygenlevelsimprove.Meanwhile，somecreatures，suchasjellyfishes，aremoretolerantoflowoxygenthanothersare.Butallanimalswillfeeltheimpactofdeoxygenationbecausetheyallhaveevolvedtheiroxygencapacityforareason，saysOschlies."Anydropinoxygenisgoingtodamagesurvivabilityandperformance，"hesays.（1）Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，whatworriesscientists