雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《工程科技类英语读写译知识点拾遗（淮阴工学院）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Long-TermTrendsinAcidNeutralizingCapacityunderIncreasingAcidicDeposition:ASpecialExampleofEutrophicTaihuLake,ChinaTaoYu,QiujinXu,ChengdaHe,HaibingCong,DanDai,FengchangWu,andWeiMengAbstractWhileNorthAmericaandEuropehavebeenrecoveringfromacidification,Chinaisexperiencingimpactsofaciddeposition.TheTaihuregionisaseriouslyimpactedareabyacidraininChina,withtheaveragerainfallpH<5.However,theacidneutralizingcapacity(ANC)andpHofTaihuLakehavesignificantlyincreasedoverthepast60years(p<0.05).Analysesshowedthatwatershedneutralizationbycarbonatesandin-lakealkalinizationbyalgaeactivitieswerethetwomajorreactionsresponsiblefortheincrease.IntheTaihubasin,thedominantcarbonatebedrocksarethemajorsourceofbasecations(particularlyCa2+andMg2+)andactastheacidificationbuffer.Inaddition,ourfieldmeasurementsacrossthelakeshowedthatthepHvaluesweresignificantlyhigherinalgalbloomwatersthaninareaswithoutblooms.ThisobservationwasfurthersupportedbyourstatisticalanalysisshowingthattheTaihuANCandpHweresignificantlycorrelatedwiththechlorophyllincrease(p<0.05;1985–2015).However,ourregressionanalysisindicatedthatthebasecationsinthewatershedwouldbedepletedbytheearly2040siftheaciddepositioncontinuesatthecurrentrate.Ourresultssuggestthatinteractionsbetweenhumanacceleratedweathering,watershedgeochemistry,andin-lakealgaeactivitiessignificantlyimpactthewaterchemistryofthelake.Weurgentlyrecommendan“integratedandbalanced”recoveryplanforthelakeecosystem.(EnvironmentalScience&Technology,November,2016)1.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneoftheapproachesadoptedbytheresearch?A

FieldmeasurementsBGeneralSocialSurvey

CStatisticalanalysisDRegressionanalysis第2题Long-TermTrendsinAcidNeutralizingCapacityunderIncreasingAcidicDeposition:ASpecialExampleofEutrophicTaihuLake,ChinaTaoYu,QiujinXu,ChengdaHe,HaibingCong,DanDai,FengchangWu,andWeiMengAbstractWhileNorthAmericaandEuropehavebeenrecoveringfromacidification,Chinaisexperiencingimpactsofaciddeposition.TheTaihuregionisaseriouslyimpactedareabyacidraininChina,withtheaveragerainfallpH<5.However,theacidneutralizingcapacity(ANC)andpHofTaihuLakehavesignificantlyincreasedoverthepast60years(p<0.05).Analysesshowedthatwatershedneutralizationbycarbonatesandin-lakealkalinizationbyalgaeactivitieswerethetwomajorreactionsresponsiblefortheincrease.IntheTaihubasin,thedominantcarbonatebedrocksarethemajorsourceofbasecations(particularlyCa2+andMg2+)andactastheacidificationbuffer.Inaddition,ourfieldmeasurementsacrossthelakeshowedthatthepHvaluesweresignificantlyhigherinalgalbloomwatersthaninareaswithoutblooms.ThisobservationwasfurthersupportedbyourstatisticalanalysisshowingthattheTaihuANCandpHweresignificantlycorrelatedwiththechlorophyllincrease(p<0.05;1985–2015).However,ourregressionanalysisindicatedthatthebasecationsinthewatershedwouldbedepletedbytheearly2040siftheaciddepositioncontinuesatthecurrentrate.Ourresultssuggestthatinteractionsbetweenhumanacceleratedweathering,watershedgeochemistry,andin-lakealgaeactivitiessignificantlyimpactthewaterchemistryofthelake.Weurgentlyrecommendan“integratedandbalanced”recoveryplanforthelakeecosystem.(EnvironmentalScience&Technology,November,2016)Whichofthefollowingistheconclusionoftheabstract?A

Watershedneutralizationbycarbonatesandin-lakealkalinizationbyalgaeactivitieswerethetwomajorreactionsresponsiblefortheincrease.B

Thebasecationsinthewatershedwouldbedepletedbytheearly2040siftheaciddepositioncontinuesatthecurrentrate.CInteractionsbetweenhumanacceleratedweathering,watershedgeochemistry,andin-lakealgaeactivitiessignificantlyimpactthewaterchemistryofthelake.DWeurgentlyrecommendan“integratedandbalanced”recoveryplanforthelakeecosystem.第3题第1题Readthefollowingpassage:Para.1.ThesearestrangethingsforstudentsatoneofAmerica’stopuniversitiestosayabouttheirphones,eveninjest.Theyalsorevealhowcompletelythesmartphonehasbecomepartofthesestudents’identitiesandsocialframeworks.They’renotjusttoolsthatallowthemtoconnectinstantaneouslyandprolificallywithothers:they’realsobeingaffordedidentitiesoftheirown,protectedandcherished.Para.2.Muchofthishastodowiththewaythesedevicesareengineered.Theypracticallyforceyoutoperformrepetitiveritualsofthesortassociatedwithobsessive-compulsivebehavior.Fromtheinitialactivationofthephonetotheweekly“syncing”andnightlycharging,yourrelationshiptothephoneisstructuredforyou.1.Whichofthefollowingwords/phrasesindicatesacause-effectrelation?A

revealB

connectC

hastodowithD

associatewith第2题Para.1.ThesearestrangethingsforstudentsatoneofAmerica’stopuniversitiestosayabouttheirphones,eveninjest.Theyalsorevealhowcompletelythesmartphonehasbecomepartofthesestudents’identitiesandsocialframeworks.They’renotjusttoolsthatallowthemtoconnectinstantaneouslyandprolificallywithothers:they’realsobeingaffordedidentitiesoftheirown,protectedandcherished.Para.2.Muchofthishastodowiththewaythesedevicesareengineered.Theypracticallyforceyoutoperformrepetitiveritualsofthesortassociatedwithobsessive-compulsivebehavior.Fromtheinitialactivationofthephonetotheweekly“syncing”andnightlycharging,yourrelationshiptothephoneisstructuredforyou.

2.Whichofthefollowingsayingistrue?APara.1isthecauseofpara.2.BPara.1istheeffectofpara.2.CThereisnocausalrelationbetweenpara.1and2.Readthefollowingpassage:第1题Readthefollowingpassage:Para.1.Themakersofsmartphonesknowfarmoreaboutourmentalrewardcircuitsthanisgoodforus.Theydivideinformationintobite-sizedchunksthat,aleadingeducationalistwarnedthisweek,maydamagechildren’sabilitytostudycomplexissues.Gamesapps,inparticular,areruthlessbrain-hijackers.Para.2.TaketheexampleofAngryBirds,acomputergameappthathasbeendownloadedover200milliontimes.Thepremiseissimple:playerslaunchbirdsacrossthescreenwithaslingshot,judgingthetrajectoryofflightandalteringtheforceandinitialdirectionaccordingly.Itsoundsharmlessenough.Buttype“AngryBirdsaddiction”intoGoogleandyou’representedwith3.34millionresults.Somanypeoplecomplainaboutbeingaddictedtothegamethatithasspawnedself-helppagesallovertheinternet.Para.3.SomeofthesepagesaskwhetherAngryBirdsaddictionsarechangingpeople’sbrains.Self-describedaddictssaytheydon’tknowwhytheycan’tputthegamedown,andtalkaboutcompulsivelytracingtheirfingersontablesastheysubconsciouslyrecallthecatapultactionofthegame.Thesesoundsuspiciouslylikethelittleritualsassociatedwithalcoholismanddrugabuse.1.Whichofthefollowingisthetypeofexemplificationintheabovepassages?AA.Example+Analysis+Argument

BB.Argument+Example+(Analysis)CC.Example(analysis)//Argument第2题Para.1.Themakersofsmartphonesknowfarmoreaboutourmentalrewardcircuitsthanisgoodforus.Theydivideinformationintobite-sizedchunksthat,aleadingeducationalistwarnedthisweek,maydamagechildren’sabilitytostudycomplexissues.Gamesapps,inparticular,areruthlessbrain-hijackers.Para.2.TaketheexampleofAngryBirds,acomputergameappthathasbeendownloadedover200milliontimes.Thepremiseissimple:playerslaunchbirdsacrossthescreenwithaslingshot,judgingthetrajectoryofflightandalteringtheforceandinitialdirectionaccordingly.Itsoundsharmlessenough.Buttype“AngryBirdsaddiction”intoGoogleandyou’representedwith3.34millionresults.Somanypeoplecomplainaboutbeingaddictedtothegamethatithasspawnedself-helppagesallovertheinternet.Para.3.SomeofthesepagesaskwhetherAngryBirdsaddictionsarechangingpeople’sbrains.Self-describedaddictssaytheydon’tknowwhytheycan’tputthegamedown,andtalkaboutcompulsivelytracingtheirfingersontablesastheysubconsciouslyrecallthecatapultactionofthegame.Thesesoundsuspiciouslylikethelittleritualsassociatedwithalcoholismanddrugabuse.2.TheexampleofAngryBirdsisadoptedtoprovewhichofthefollowingstatement?AA.Themakersofsmartphonesknowfarmoreaboutourmentalrewardcircuitsthanisgoodforus.BB.Themakersofsmartphonesdivideinformationintobite-sizedchunks.CC.Themakersofsmartphonesdamagechildren’sabilitytostudycomplexissues.DD.Gamesapps,inparticular,areruthlessbrain-hijackers.第3题Para.1.Themakersofsmartphonesknowfarmoreaboutourmentalrewardcircuitsthanisgoodforus.Theydivideinformationintobite-sizedchunksthat,aleadingeducationalistwarnedthisweek,maydamagechildren’sabilitytostudycomplexissues.Gamesapps,inparticular,areruthlessbrain-hijackers.Para.2.TaketheexampleofAngryBirds,acomputergameappthathasbeendownloadedover200milliontimes.Thepremiseissimple:playerslaunchbirdsacrossthescreenwithaslingshot,judgingthetrajectoryofflightandalteringtheforceandinitialdirectionaccordingly.Itsoundsharmlessenough.Buttype“AngryBirdsaddiction”intoGoogleandyou’representedwith3.34millionresults.Somanypeoplecomplainaboutbeingaddictedtothegamethatithasspawnedself-helppagesallovertheinternet.Para.3.SomeofthesepagesaskwhetherAngryBirdsaddictionsarechangingpeople’sbrains.Self-describedaddictssaytheydon’tknowwhytheycan’tputthegamedown,andtalkaboutcompulsivelytracingtheirfingersontablesastheysubconsciouslyrecallthecatapultactionofthegame.Thesesoundsuspiciouslylikethelittleritualsassociatedwithalcoholismanddrugabuse.3.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedintheexampleofAngryBirds?AA.StatisticaldataBB.ExperimentresultsCC.FactsDD.AnalysisReadthefollowingpassagesandanswer:第1题Readthefollowingpassage:PeterVesterbacka,leaddeveloperforRovio,thecompanybehindAngryBirds,describeshowtheymakethegamesoaddictive.“WeusesimpleA/Btesting,”hesays,referringtoatechniquewheredifferentversionsofagamearetestedonlivetraffic.“Wedon’thavetoguessanymore.Withsomanyusers,wecanjustrunthenumbers.”Whichofthefollowingifthestyleofquotationintheparagraph?AA.DirectQuotationBB.IndirectQuotationCC.MixedQuotation第2题PeterVesterbacka,leaddeveloperforRovio,thecompanybehindAngryBirds,describeshowtheymakethegamesoaddictive.“WeusesimpleA/Btesting,”hesays,referringtoatechniquewheredifferentversionsofagamearetestedonlivetraffic.“Wedon’thavetoguessanymore.Withsomanyusers,wecanjustrunthenumbers.”

2.Whichoneisnotthecitingverbinthisparagraph?AA.describeBB.sayCC.referto第3题Thecrucialpointisthatowningoneisapleasureinitself.ThiswasSteveJobs’sgreatinsight:thatengineeringwasameanstoanend–thecreationofanintuitive,elegantaccessorythatyouwanttobeseenusinginpublic.3.Whichofthefollowingifthestyleofquotationintheparagraph?AA.DirectQuotationBB.IndirectQuotationCC.MixedQuotation第4题Thecrucialpointisthatowningoneisapleasureinitself.ThiswasSteveJobs’sgreatinsight:thatengineeringwasameanstoanend–thecreationofanintuitive,elegantaccessorythatyouwanttobeseenusinginpublic.

“Greatinsight”inthisparagraphisa

.AA.DenotationalcitingverbBB.DenotationalcitingverbNominalizationCC.EvaluationalcitingVerbDD.EvaluationalcitingVerbNominalizationReadthefollowingpassagesandanswer第1题Inevitably,though,smartphonesarenotthestatussymbolstheywerein2008.Vendorsshippednearly500millionofthemlastyear–anannualincreaseof63percentasopposedtoonly15percentforpersonalcomputers.1.Whichtypeofcomparisonisadoptedinthisparagraph?AA.AnalogyBB.HistoricalComparisonCC.HorizontalComparison第2题Inevitably,though,smartphonesarenotthestatussymbolstheywerein2008.Vendorsshippednearly500millionofthemlastyear–anannualincreaseof63percentasopposedtoonly15percentforpersonalcomputers.WhichofthefollowingsayingsisTrue?ASmartphonesarethestatussymbolsnow.BB.Personalcomputersarethestatussymbolsnow.CC.Thesaleofsmartphonesincreasesmorethanthatofpersonalcomputers.DD.Thesaleofpersonalcomputersincreasesmorethanthatofsmartphones.第3题Readthefollowingparagraph:Ifyouthinkwearabletechnologyorthe"Internet

ofThings"seemkindofstupid

today,well,fine.Butrememberthatten

years

ago,thefutureofmobileappearedtobeaminusculecordlesslandlinephonewithTetris,andnow

smartphonessalesareabouttoovertakecomputers.Breakthroughscanbefast.1.Whichtypeofcomparisonisadoptedinthisparagraph?AA.AnalogyBB.HistoricalComparisonCC.HorizontalComparisonReadthefollowingpassageandanswer第1题AtStanfordUniversityinCalifornia–justastone’sthrowfromApple’sheadquarters–44percentofstudentsclaimtobeeitherveryortotallyaddictedtotheirsmartphones.Ninepercentadmitto“patting”them.EightpercentrecalledthinkingthattheiriPodswere“jealous”oftheiriPhones.1.Thedataintheaboveparagraphis

.AA.descriptiveBB.predictiveCC.diagnosticanswerthefollowingquestions第1题

“Ironandbrassarebasemetals.”Inthissentence,“basemetal”isaterm,whichofthefollowingd