必过05439商务英语阅读自考试卷

商务英语阅读试卷

（课程代码5439）

I.Translatethefollowingwordsorexpressions.

A.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

1.C.P.I.(consumerpriceindex)2.monopoly3.parvalue

4.IPO(initialpublicoffering)5.financialinstitution6.incomefunds

7.GNP(grossnationalproduct)8.productionline

9.C.I.F.(cost,insuranceandfreight)10.boardofdirectors

11.registeredcapitai12.F.0B13.circulatingfund

14.CleanBill15.publicrelations16.redchips

17.bankaccount18.governmentbond19.GDP(grossdomesticproduct)

20.billofexchange21.premium22.commission

23.durablegoods24.savingsbond25.stockexchange

26.mutualfund27.marketshare28.productmix

29.LettersofCredit(L/C)30.incomestatement31.retailer

32.stockmarket33.tangibleproduct34.product1ine

35.currentassets36.installment37.Hshares

38.inventory39.commonshares40.preferenceshares

41.netasset42.bearerbond43.stockcertificate

44.promissorynote45.policyholder46.insurancepolicy

47.middleman48.publicity49.masssei1ing

50.targetreturn

B.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

51.信用证52.营销组合53.风险资本54.一般股

55.索赔56.资产57.直销58.保险单

59.促销60.购买力61.有限责任公司62.预算

63.固定资产64.证券交易所65.汇率66.物流

67.佣金68.折旧69.客户服务70.红利

71.面值72.市场细分73.流淌资产74.公共关系

75.净收入76.合同77.优先股78.人寿保险

79.债券80.有限责任81.保险82.净资产

83.退货84.集装箱85.汇票86.期初存贷

87.股东88.离岸价89.电汇90.债券持有者

91.电话错售92.垄断93.定价94.盈亏平衡点

95.购买力96.投资经纪人97.营销组合98.利率

99.收入保险100.保险费

II.Choosethebestanswertofillintheblanks.

1.Thebuyingofproductsonwhichwehavebeenpre-solethroughadvertisingiscalled

A.rationalbuyingB.emotionalbuyingC.reflexbuyingD.impulsebuying

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommonformofpaymentinforeignbusinesstransactions?

A.ChequeB.CashC.BanktransferD.Asightbill

3.Acleanbillis.

A.aspotlessbill

B.abi11thatisnotaccompaniedbyshippingdocuments

C.anunusedbill

D.aninvalidbill

4.Ifcompetitorsgettogethertoraiseorlowerprices,thisactis.

A.pricediscriminationB.deceptivepricingC.resalepricemaintenanceD.pricefixing

5.WhichofthefollowingbelongstouMarketingMix”?

A.LaborforceB.MachinesC.MaterialsD.Promotion

6.Whatdoyouthinkisthestrengthofpublicity?

A.BeingflexibleB.Avoidingmediacosts

C.SavingpreparationtimeD.Reachingalargernumberofaudiences

7.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeafeatureofabond?

A、Ithasacertaindenomination.B、Ithasaprefixedinterestrate.

C、Itinvolveshighrisk.【)、Ithasaprefixedmaturitydate.

8.Whichofthefollowingisalegaltender?

A.IOUchequesB>U.S.dollarsC、LumpsofsiIver1)、Bankdeposits

9.Ifyouadvertiseaproduct,yourmainpurposeofdoingsoisto____.

A.earnmoremoneyfortheadvertisingagency

B.promotesalesofthatproduct

C.competewithotherfirmsthatproducethesamekindofproduct

1).introducethatproducertothepublic

10.Whatdoyouthinkisthestrengthofpersonalselling?

A.HighefficiencyB.Greatflexibility

A.documentaryB.irrevocableC.dishonoredD.confirued

12.Adishonouredbillis.

A.onewhichtheimporterisashamedof

B.onewhichtheimporterfailstopayontheduedate

C.onewhichthedrawerfailstopay

D.onewhichtheexporterfailstoclear

13.Intermsofsafeness,amortgagebondadebenturebond,

A.isthesameasB.issaferthanC.involvesmoreriskthanD.isnotassafeas

14.Whatisaninsurancepolicy?

A.Agovernmentlawoninsurance.

B.Awrittencontractbetweentheinsurerandtheinsured.

C.Apieceofpaperwiththeinsurer*ssignatureonit.

D.Asetofrulestoregulatetheinsurancemarket.

15.Whatcanwesayforcertainabouttransportationandphysicaldistribution?

A.Transportationisthesamethingasphysicaldistribution.

B.Transportationisnotasimportantasphysicaldistribution.

C.Transportationisoneofthecomponentsofphysicaldistributionsystem.

D.Thetermtransportationiswidelyusedtomeanphysicaldistribution.

16.CustomerrelationsshouldberesponsibleforallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

A.thequalityofproductorserviceB.customerinquiriesandcomplaints

C.findingnewresourcesforthecompanyD.attractingnewcustomers

17.Whatisthemajorfeatureofaglobalmarketingstrategy?

A.UniforniityB.FlexibilityC.LocalizationI).Diversity

18.Whatismeantby“consideration“inacontract?

A.Anitemofconsiderablevaluegiventotheotherparty.

B.Anitemofvaluegiventotheotherparty.

C.Moneyinexchangeofgoods.

1).Carefulthinkingbeforesigningacontract.

19.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Packagingmeansmorethantheboxes,wrappingsandothermaterialsthatgoroundthephysicalproduct.

B.Packagingcanchangethequalityofaproduct.

C.Packagingcanchangeaproductinthemindsofconsumers.

D.Packagingcanhelptoopenlargermarkets.

20.Tobeawisecustomer,wcmustevaluateandchoosetobuywhatis

A.theprice;thecheapest

B.theproductquality;oftopquality

C.thetotalproductoffer;ofthebestvaluetous

D.theafter-saleservice;providedwiththebestafter-saleservice

21.Themostmajorfunctionofmoneyis.

A.astoreofvalueB.theunitofaccount

C.themediumofexchangeD.astandardofdeferredpayment

22.pointstotheadvantagesoftheadvertiser,sproductovercompetingproducts.

A、Primary-demandadvertisingB、Comparativeadvertising

C]l)irect-e.ctionadvertisingI)、Institutionaladvertising

23.Whenapersoninsuressomething,thewrittenagreementbetweentheinsurerandtheinsureciscalled_____.

A.insurancepolicyB.claimC.liabilityD.autoinsurance

24.A______isbackedonlybytheinsurerJspromisetopaywhentheinterestandprincipalaredue.

A、bearerbondB、debenturebondC、mortgagebondD^corporatebond

25.isstockwithfirstclaimonthecorporation,searningsandassetsaftertheclaimsofbondholders.

A、PreferredstockB、StockexchangeC、CommonstockD、Stockcertificates

26.Inforeigntrade,isthefastestmethodofsendingmoneyabroad.

A.sightbillB.internationalmoneyordersC.billofexchangeD.telegraphedtransfer

27.isNOTconsideredasanactionthatcouldhurtcompetitionandconsumers.

A.PricefixingB.DeceptivepricingC.ResalepricemaintenanceD.Settingtargetreturn

28.Marketerscancommunicatewithlargenumbersofpotentialcustomersatthesametimeby.

A.personalsellingB.directsellingC.masssellingI),sendingleaflets

29.Adishonoredbillis.

A、onethatisnotaccompaniedbyshippingdocuments.B、onethatisnotpaidontheduedate.

C、onethatmustbepaidatsight.D、onethatcannotbecancelled.

30.Wecangetinformationaboutacompanysassetsandliabilitiesfrom

aninsurancepolicyanincomestatementC、abalancesheetD、abillofexchange

31.promotestheuseofaparticularbrandamongcompetingproducts.

A.ComparativeadvertisingB.Brandadvertising

C.Primary-demandadvertisingD.Institutionaladvertising

32.wi11payapersonmoneywhenhe/sheisunabletowork.

A.IncomeinsuranceB.HealthcareinsuranceC.AutoinsuranceD.Lifeinsurance

33.Iftheapplesinafruitstorelookveryluscious,andyoubuyadozenwhichactuallyisoutofyourexpectation,

wecansaythisactionisakindof_.

A、reflexbuyingB、impulsebuying

C、neitherimpulsebuyingnorreflexbuyingD、installmentbuying

34.Inabillofexchange,ifitissaying“30daysaftersight”,thatmeansthebillcanbepaid

A.immediatelyB.within30daysafteritisdrawn.

C.within30daysafteritispresentedD.regardlessthedate

35.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtouMarketingMixn?

A.PlacementB.ProductC.Point-of-saleD.Promotion

36.Asa,youareoneoftheownersofacompany.

A.stockholderB.bondholderC.vendorD.creditor

37.Theisreachedwhenthemoneyfromthesalesofproductequalsthetotalcostsandexpensesinvolved

inproducingandmarketingit.

A、equilibriumpriceB、balancesheetC、pricefixingD、break-evenpoint

38.Thesharecapitalofacompanyis.

A、themoneyyousharewithothersB、issuedeitherbyabusinessorbyagovernment

C、stockthatpermitownerstoshareanyprofitsorlossesD>thetotalinvestmentfromalloftheshareholders

39.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTberegardedasrealproperty?

atestimony（宣言）tothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowantto

runcompaniessomeday.

“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,wsaidDonaldMorrison,

professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.*'Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,*ShouId

IattempttogetanMBA,'theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.”

ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelped

inspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhether

managementskillscanbetaught.

TheHarvardBusinessReviewprinteda1ively>fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsabout

businessdegreeholders.

ThearticIeca11edMBAhires“extremelydisappoinling“andsaiduMBAswanttomoveuptcofast,theydon,t

understandpoliticsandpeople,andtheyaren'tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.

Butbythen,they,reoutlookingforotherjobs.”

Theproblem,mostparticipantsirthedebateacknowledge,isthattheMBAhasacquiredanaura（光环）of

futurerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.

Enrollmentinbusinessschoolsexplodedinthe1970sand1980sandcreatedtheassumptionthatnoonewhopursued

abusinesscareercoulddowithoutone.Thegrowthwasfueledbyabacklash（反）中）againsttheanti-business

valuesofthe1960sandbythewomenJsmovement.

BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystems

butarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople."Theydon'tgetalotofgroundinginthepeoplesideof

thebusiness,“saidJamesShaffer,vice-presidentandprincipaloftheTowersPer-finmanagementconsulting

firm.

1.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatisthegeneralattitudetowardsbusinessoncampusesdominatedbypurer

disciplines?

A.Scornful

B.Appreciative.

C.Envious.

D.Realistic.

2.Itseensthatthecontroversy（争论）overthevalueofMBAdegreeshasbeenfueledmainlyby.

A.thecomplaintsfromvariousemployers

B.thesuccessofmanynon-MBAs

C.thecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplines

D.thepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork

3.WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtoTheHarvardBusinessReview?

A.Theyarcusuallyscrf-ccntered.

B.Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.

C.Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.

D.Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpeople.

4.FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs____.

A.canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquickly

B.quittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmates

C.receivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltraining

D.cherishunreeilisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.WhythereisanincreasedenrollmentinMBAprograms.

B.ThenecessityofreformingMBAprogramsinbusinessschools.

C.DoubtsabouttheworthofholdinganMBAdegree.

D.Adebateheldrecentlyonuniversitycampuses.

PassageTwo

Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshadgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Early

industrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.cloth-making,sewing

andcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethese

goods,theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soonthemoreimportant

secondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproduced

bythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.electricityandelectrical

appliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,the

questionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswas

irrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywou1dhavetobeobtained

inthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehomesuchasinnursingthe

sick,becameunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearance

oftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorsedrawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearance

oftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainnenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somost

ofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproduce

thegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumer

goods,butnotincreasedflexibi1ityforthehomeeconomyirobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,

economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethese

newgoodsandservices,thefami1yhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical

(新古典主义的)modelthatviews■:hefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyor

topurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamode1ofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeapplied

tothesecond(andcurrent)stage.

6.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesworetakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat.

A.itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrialization

B.theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomy

C.itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehome

D.themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses

7.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage.

A.sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomy

B.themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomy

C.producingtraditionalfoodsathomebecamesocia11yneverproducedbythehomeeconomy

D.whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehoneeconomybecameirrelevant

8.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthe

marketplace.

A.aswageearners

B.bothasmanufacturersandconsumers

C.bothasworkersandpurchasers

D.ascustomers

9.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause

A.thefamilywasnotefficientinproduction

B.itwasi1legalforthehomeeconomytoproducethem

C.itcouldnotsupplythembyitself

D.themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited

10.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage.

A.Thefamilycouldrelycitheronthehomeeconomyorthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservices.

B.manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplace

C.consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomy

1).thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplace

PassageThree

Asisknowntoall,theorganizationandmanagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplicated.Generallyspeaking,theAccount

Departmentisresponsibleforcalculationsofpay,whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththe

employeesaboutpay.

Ifafirmwantstoadoptanewwageandsalarystructure,itisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideonamethodofjobevaluationand

waysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees.Inordertobesuccessful,thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreement

betweenTradeUnionsandemployers.

Injobevaluation,alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthoserequirementsisgivena

value,generallyin“points”,whichareaddedtogethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhighermanagement,a

specialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeof(hejob,(heirresponsibility,and(heirabilitytosolve

problems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork,however,jobgradesformanagersareoftendecided

withoutreferencetoanevaluationsystembasedonpoints.

Inattemptingtodesignapaysystem,thePersonnelDepartmentshouldcomparethevalueofeachjobwiththoseinthejobmarket.

Itshouldalsoconsidereconomicfactorssuchasthecostoflivingandthelaborsupply.

1(isnecessarythatpaymentforajobshouldvarywithanydistinctionsinthewaythatjobisperformed.Whereitissimpleto

measuretheworkdone,asintheworkdonewiththehands,monetaiyencouragementschemesareoftenchosen;forindirect

workers,wheremeasuremeniisdifficult,ineihodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed.

11.Ifacompanywantsitsnewpaystructuretobesuccessful,itisnecessaryto.

A.givetheworkersextrapaytoencouragethemB.sharethesameopinionbetweentheTradeUnionand(heemployers

C.consultsomeproblemsassociatedwithpayD.adoptaspecialwaytoevaluatetheperformanceofitsemployees

12.Themethodsofadditionalpaymentsareadoptedforindirectworkersbecause__________.

A.theydon'thaveahigherpay

B.thefirmhasn'tenoughfund

C.themeasurementoftheirworkisverydifficult

D.theirworkislessimportantthanthatofotherworkers

13.Whatshouldafirmconsiderindesigninganewpaysystem?

A.Thevalueofeachjobalone.B.Themethodofcalculatingthepay.

C.Therequirementsofeachjob.D.Thelaborsupplyandthecostofliving.

14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.only(heAccountsDepartmentisinvolvedin(hemanagementofsalaries

B.differentjobperformancesshouldbegivendifferentpayments

C.anevaluationsystembasedonpointsisusuallyused(omeasuremanagementwork

D.evaluatingmanagementworkmakesnodifferencefromotherwork

15.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_______.

A.explainhowtheperformanceofajobcanbemeasuredinpoints

B.describe:heresponsibilitiesofvariousdepartments

C.tellreadershowafirmcansucceedinadoptinganewpaysystem

D.tellreadershowdifficultthemanagementworkis

PassageFour

Theso-calledAmericanizationphenomenonseemstobeaconsequenceoftherecentglobalizationinourworld.

IfwefindAmericanproductsworldwide,itisalsoincreasinglycommontofindAsianproductsintheUnited

States.

GoingtoanycountryinAsianowadays,wearegoingtoseealotoftheAmericanicons(图标)everywhere.A

fewyearsagowhenIwasinHo-Chi-MinCity,formerlyknownasSaigon,Iwascompletelyastonishedatthe

numberofbillboai'dsadvertisingproductsfrommultinationalcompanies,manyofthemAmerican.Itis

unforgettableforme一thevisionofthespectacularCoca-ColabillboardonaHo-Chi-MinStreet.

LivingintheUnitedSlatesnow,1andiscoveringmanyAsianproductsinAmerica,fromfoodtomovies.Inone

dayinSanFrancisco,orSeattle,orHouston,wecanbuySisheidocosmeticsfromJapanattheGalleriaMall,

havesus力，(寿司)andsashimi(生鱼片)inoneofthemanyJapaneserestaurantsinthecity,gotothecinema

andenjoythebeautifulAmerican-ChinesemovieCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragon,andtakehomespringrolls

fromoneofthemanyChineserestaurantsintown.

Iunderstandthatagreatmanypeoplewouldliketoholdhacktheglobalizationprocessintheworldbecause

theythinktheyarelosingtheirownculture,butitisverydifficulttostopthisprocess.Wecanonly

trytobecriticalandchoosewhatisbestforustohaveortobuy.

However,manypeoplethinkthatyoungpeoplearenotfreetochoosewhentheyareconstantlyexposedtoattractive

advertisementsthatarespeciallymadetocapturetheyouthmarket.Peacefulprotestscouldbearranged

justtohelppeopletothinkaboutthesituation,butthetendencyinourworldisthatwewantglobalization,

butwedon'twanttoloseourownculture.

16.TheAmericcinizationphenomenonismorepossibletobetheresultof.

A.theinfluenceofAmericanizationontheworldB.theinfluenceoftheWestontheEast

C.theglobalizationintheworldD.Americanproductsworldwide

17.Whatwastheauthorinthepassageparticularlyimpressedby?

A.ThewonderfulAmerican-Chinesemovie.B.ThedeliciousJapanesefoodinAmericancities.

C.ThehighqualityofAsianproducts.D.ThefantasticadvertisementforanAmericanproduct.

18.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatoneoftheconsequencesofglobalizationthatmanypeopleworryabout

is.

A.thespreadofculturefromonecountrytoanotherB.thedestructionofculturalidentities

C.theprevalenceofAmericancultureD.theresistancetoglobalizationworldwide

19.Whatattitudeshouldwehavetowardstheglobalizationprocess?

A.Disapproving.B.PessiniiStic.C.Critical.1）.Indifferent.

20.Youngpeopletodaycan*treallychoosewhattheyshouldbuybecausethey..

A.areinfluencedbyAmericancultureB.don,tknowwhatissuitableforthem

C.arecriticalabouteverythingintheworldD.arefacedwithtoomanypowerfuladvertisements

PassageFive

Presentpensionstructuresnolongerwork.Theywereestablishedinamoreyouthfulperiodwithrelativelyfew

olderpeoplewhowereoftenpoorandi11,andgenerallyspentor.lyashorttimeinretirement.Inrichcountries

today,olderpeopleareoftenwell-offandingoodhealth,andarespendingaround20yearsinretirement.

Thereforethereistheneedforreform.

Thissurveyhaspresentedtheargumentsformoreprivatefundingandforfairerpensions.Suchchangeswi11

createmotivesforindividualstotakechargeoftheirownretirementneedsratherthanleavingthetask

tothestate.This,inturn,willmaketheprovisionofpublicpensionsmoreaffordable.

Evenso,thestatewillcontinuetoplayaleadingroleinpensions.Ataminimum,governmentsmustoffera

safetynet,probablyintheformofadefinedbenefitfinancedthroughtaxation,forpeoplewhoforsome

reasonhavenotbeenabletoprovideforthemselvesandwhowouldotherwisebemiserableinoldage.More

broadly,thereisauseforthestatetoofferaslimmcd-downpay-as-you-gopensionsystem,althoughas

faraspossiblethisshouldbeorganizedalongdefined-contributions1ines.Suchprovisionwidenstherange

ofassetstoincludehumancapitalbecausetheeffectivereturncomesfromtotalwages,andoffersasafe

inlowreturn.

Governmentsalsohavetocreateasuitableframeworkforeffectiveprivatepensions.Administrative（行政的）

expenseshavetobetightlycontrolled,andappropriatetaxmotiveshavetobeofferedtoencouragevoluntary

pensionsaving.Wherethestateprovidesageneroussafetynet,private-pensionsavingnayhavetobemade

mandatory（强制的），otherwisemanypeoplewillnotbother.

Somuchforthedevelopedcountries,butwhatofthemoreyouthfulpopulationsoftherestoftheworld?In

1994,theWor1dBankcamedownheavilyinfavorofmoi'cfundinginprivateaccounts.Itthoughtthestate*s

roleshouldbetoprovideasmallishfirstpillarwiththe1imitedtaskofprovidingprotectionagainst

old-agepoverty,andtocommandaprivately-fundedsecondpillartoprovidethebulkofpensions.

21.Moreprivatefundingandfairerpensions..

A.canurgepeopletosavemoreprivatepensionsB.maybefinancedthroughtax

C.canlessentheburdenofthestateD.canprovidemorepublicpensions

22.Tocreateaproperframeworkforeffectiveprivatepensions,thegovernmentshould.

A.increasetheincometoencouragevoluntarypensionsavingB.encouragevoluntarypensionseiving

C.makegooduseofadministrativecostsD.notcommandpeopleto