人教版八年级英语下册Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 知识点梳理

人教版八年级英语下册Unit4TheWondersofNature知识点梳理一一、核心知识点梳理（一）重点词汇1.动词(1)describe/dɪˈskraɪb/v.描述；描绘（过去式/过去分词：described，现在分词：describing；名词形式：description描述）。常见搭配：describesth.tosb.（向某人描述某物）、describe...as...（把……描述为……）。例句：Shetriedherbesttodescribethebeautyofthemountaintous.(2)appear/əˈpɪə(r)/v.出现；显现（反义词：disappear消失；名词形式：appearance外貌；出现）。例句：Thesunappearedfrombehindthecloudsintheafternoon.(3)remain/rɪˈmeɪn/v.保持；残留；仍然是（后接形容词、介词短语或不定式）。常见搭配：remainsilent（保持沉默）、remaininplace（保持原位）。例句：Mostoftheancientbuildingsremainintactafterhundredsofyears.(4)discover/dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v.发现；发觉（指发现原本存在但未被知晓的事物；名词形式：discovery发现）。例句：Scientistsdiscoveredanewkindofplantintherainforestlastyear.2.名词(1)wonder/ˈwʌndə(r)/n.奇观；奇迹（可数名词）；v.想知道。常见搭配：naturalwonders（自然奇观）、theSevenWondersoftheWorld（世界七大奇迹）。例句：TheGreatBarrierReefisoneofthemostamazingnaturalwonders.(2)view/vjuː/n.景色；风景；观点。常见搭配：abeautifulview（美丽的景色）、inone'sview（在某人看来）。例句：Weclimbedtothetopofthehilltoenjoythewonderfulview.(3)surface/ˈsɜːfɪs/n.表面；表层。搭配：onthesurface（在表面上）、thesurfaceofthewater（水面）。例句：Leavesfloatedonthesurfaceofthelake.(4)force/fɔːs/n.力量；势力；v.强迫。搭配：naturalforces（自然力量）、forcesb.todosth.（强迫某人做某事）。例句：Theforceofthewindblewdownmanytreeslastnight.3.形容词/副词(1)natural/ˈnætʃrəl/adj.自然的；天生的。搭配：naturalresources（自然资源）、naturalbeauty（自然之美）。例句：Weshouldprotectthenaturalenvironmentforourfuture.(2)amazing/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/adj.令人惊奇的；惊人的（修饰事物；形容词形式：amazed感到惊奇的，修饰人）。例句：It'sanamazingexperiencetoseetheNorthernLights.(3)deeply/ˈdiːpli/adv.深深地；深刻地（形容词形式：deep深的）。搭配：bedeeplymoved（被深深感动）、deeplylove（深爱）。例句：Weweredeeplyimpressedbythebeautyofthewaterfall.（二）重点短语(1)naturalwonders自然奇观(2)intheshapeof以……的形状(3)millionsof数百万的；大量的(4)lookover眺望；检查(5)fallaway陡峭下降；逐渐消失(6)befamousfor因……而著名(7)onthesurfaceof在……的表面(8)takeatour游览；参观(9)bemadeof由……制成（能看出原材料）(10)asfaras就……而言；远至(11)becoveredwith被……覆盖(12)inone'sview在某人看来（三）核心语法1.定语从句（that/which/who引导）(1)定义：修饰名词或代词的从句，作定语，被修饰的名词/代词称为先行词，关系词（that/which/who）引导从句并指代先行词。(2)that/which的用法：指代物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。例句：Thebookthat/whichIborrowedyesterdayisaboutnaturalwonders.（which/that作宾语，可省略）/Thewaterfallthat/whichliesinYunnanisverybeautiful.（which/that作主语，不可省略）(3)who的用法：指代人，在从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。例句：ThescientistwhodiscoveredthenewplantisfromChina.（who作主语，不可省略）/Thegirlwhowemetyesterdayknowsalotaboutnature.（who作宾语，可省略）(4)易错点：当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that引导；当先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时，只能用that引导。2.被动语态（一般现在时/一般过去时）(1)结构：一般现在时被动语态（主语+am/is/are+过去分词）；一般过去时被动语态（主语+was/were+过去分词），强调动作的承受者，动作执行者可由by引出。(2)一般现在时被动：TheGreatWallisvisitedbymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.（长城每年被数百万人参观。）(3)一般过去时被动：TheancienttemplewasbuiltintheTangDynasty.（这座古寺建于唐代。）(4)易错点：不及物动词（如happen、appear）无被动语态；有些动词短语作谓语时，被动语态要保留短语的完整性（如takecareof→betakencareof）。（四）重点句型(1)描述自然奇观特征：主语+be+形容词+becauseof.../主语+has/havetheshapeof...例句：Therockisspecialbecauseofitsstrangeshape.(2)表达对奇观的感受：It'samazing/interestingto.../Iwasdeeplyimpressedby...例句：It'samazingtoseethesunriseoverthemountains.(3)介绍奇观的位置/历史：...islocatedin.../...wasbuilt/discoveredin...例句：TheWestLakeislocatedinHangzhouandwasfamousforitsbeauty.(4)表达观点：Inmyview/AsfarasIknow,...例句：Inmyview,theGrandCanyonisthemostwonderfulnaturalwonder.(5)询问奇观相关信息：What'sthemostamazingnaturalwonderyouhaveeverseen?例句：—What'sthemostamazingnaturalwonderyouhaveeverseen?—Ithinkit'stheGreatBarrierReef.二、配套练习题（一）基础过关（每空1分，共20分）A.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词(1)TheGreatWallisoneofthemostfamousnaturalw______intheworld.(2)Shetriedtod______thebeautifulviewofthelaketoherparents.(3)Thesuna______frombehindthemountainsearlyinthemorning.(4)Thesurfaceoftheriverisc______withiceinwinter.(5)Scientistsaretryingtod______newresourcestoprotecttheenvironment.B.用所给单词的适当形式填空(1)Thestoryaboutthenaturalwonderisvery______(amaze).(2)Thebuildingthatwevisitedyesterday______(build)in1990.(3)Heremained______(silence)whentheteacheraskedhimaquestion.(4)Thegirlwho______(love)naturewantstobeascientist.(5)Wewere______(deep)movedbythebeautyofthewaterfall.C.选用合适的短语填空，每空一词，每短语限用一次(1)befamousfor,intheshapeof,millionsof,lookover,becoveredwith(2)Thehillis____________manygreentreesallyearround.(3)Guilin____________itsbeautifulmountainsandrivers.(4)Thereisastone__________________alioninthepark.(5)Weclimbedtothetopofthetowerto____________thewholecity.(6)____________peoplevisittheGreatWalleveryyear.（二）语法专项（每题2分，共20分）(1)Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisaboutnaturalwonders.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose(2)TheGreatWall______bymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.A.visitsB.visitedC.isvisitedD.wasvisited(3)Thescientist______discoveredthenewplantisveryfamous.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom(4)Thisisthemostamazingplace______Ihaveevervisited.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what(5)Theoldtemple______inthe17thcentury.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.isbuiltD.builds(6)Thegirl______wemetatthezooknowsalotaboutanimals.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what(7)Thestory______hetoldusyesterdayisveryinteresting.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.what(8)Thesetrees______bythefarmerseveryspring.A.areplantedB.plantC.plantedD.wereplanted(9)Thisistheboyandthedog______Isawyesterday.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom(10)Theletter______bymybrotheryesterdayafternoon.A.waswrittenB.wroteC.iswrittenD.writes（三）阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）TheGrandCanyonisoneofthegreatestnaturalwondersintheworld.ItislocatedinArizona,USA.ItwasformedbytheColoradoRiverovermillionsofyears.Thecanyonisabout446kilometerslong,upto29kilometerswide,and1.6kilometersdeep.TheviewsintheGrandCanyonareamazing.Therockshavedifferentcolors,suchasred,orangeandyellow.Whenthesunshines,therockslookevenmorebeautiful.Visitorscantakeatourbybus,onfootorbyhelicoptertoenjoythewonderfulviews.Manypeopleclimbdowntothebottomofthecanyontofeelthepowerofnature.Inmyview,theGrandCanyonisnotjustanaturalwonder,butalsoasymbolofthepowerofnature.Itremindsustoprotectournaturalenvironment.Everyyear,millionsofvisitorsfromallovertheworldcometovisititandfeelitsbeauty.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。(1)WhereistheGrandCanyonlocated?

A.InChina.B.IntheUSA.C.InAustralia.D.InCanada.(2)HowwastheGrandCanyonformed?

A.BytheColoradoRiver.B.Byhumans.C.Byearthquakes.D.Byrain.(3)WhatcolorsdotherocksintheGrandCanyonhave?

A.Red,orangeandyellow.B.Black,whiteandblue.

C.Green,purpleandpink.D.Brown,greyandgreen.(4)HowcanvisitorsenjoytheviewsoftheGrandCanyon?

A.Onlybybus.B.Bybus,onfootorbyhelicopter.

C.Onlyonfoot.D.Onlybyhelicopter.(5)WhatistheGrandCanyonasymbolof?

A.Thebeautyofcities.B.Thepowerofnature.

C.Thehistoryofhumans.D.Thedevelopmentofscience.(6)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheGrandCanyonis446kilometerswide.

B.Therockslookmorebeautifulwhenthesunshines.C.FewpeoplevisittheGrandCanyoneveryyear.

D.TheGrandCanyonwasformedinafewyears.(7)Theunderlinedword"formed"means______inChinese.

A.破坏B.形成C.装饰D.改造(8)Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

A.Weshouldprotectthenaturalenvironment.

B.TheGrandCanyonisnotbeautiful.

C.Weshouldbuildmorenaturalwonders.

D.TheGrandCanyonistoodeeptovisit.(9)HowdeepistheGrandCanyon?

A.Upto29kilometers.B.446kilometers.

C.1.6kilometers.D.2.6kilometers.(10)What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryoftheGrandCanyon.

B.ThelocationoftheGrandCanyon.

C.TheintroductionoftheGrandCanyon.

D.ThewaystovisittheGrandCanyon.（四）书面表达（20分）自然奇观令人惊叹，值得我们去欣赏和保护。请以“AWonderfulNatura