2015年考研英语二真题及答案

8/82015年考研英语二真题及答案SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith--orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1underground.It'sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings—becausethere's2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn'tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:"Pleasedon'tapproachme."Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as"creepy,”Wefearwe'llbe7.Wefearwe'llbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones."Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”ButonceweripofftheBand-Aid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn't12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,"notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed."18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.1.[A]ticket [B]permit [C]signal [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]link [C]another [D]much3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4.[A]message [B]cede [C]notice [D]sign5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A]misinterpret [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D]mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B]anxious [C]confident [D]angry10.[A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12.[A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation[C]debate [D]negotiation14.[A]trainees [B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walk [D]ride17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway [C]caughtup [D]putup18.[A]Inturn [B]Inparticular[C]Infact [D]Inconsequence19.[A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20.[A]funny [B]simple [C]logical [D]rareSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatfindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceamakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:working,markingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome_____[A]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace[B]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement[C]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace[D]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?[A]Childlesswives[B]Workingmothers[C]Childlesshusbands[D]Workingfathers23.Theblurringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthat_____[A]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind[D]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans_____[A]skills[B]energy[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_____[A]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut[B]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewardedText2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”abachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents’likethemcanimprove.26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas_______[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates[B]narrowedtheachievementgap[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudents27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause_______[A]theproblemissolvable[B]theirapproachiscostless[C]therecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtostudents28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents______[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents_______[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat_______[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplicitlyconscious;it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,”saidKhurana.Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome_____[A]moreemotional[B]moreobjective[C]lessenergetic[D]lessstrategic32.“Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto_______[A]historicalincidents[B]genderdifference[C]sportsculture[D]athleticexecutives33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto______[A]revivehistoricalterms[B]promotecompanyimage[C]fostercorporatecooperation[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn________[A]voicesforworkingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies[D]praisesmotivatedemployees35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental[D]RegularpeoplemockitbutacceptitText4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhorepotvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromisyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleistheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes”,theyareclassifiedasworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.36.Whichpartofthejobspictureareneglected?[A]Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.[B]Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timemarket.[C]Thepossibilityoffullemployment.[D]Theaccelerationofjobcreation.37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey_____.[A]preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs.[B]feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet.[C]cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs.[D]haven’tseentheweaknessofthemarket.38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentistheUS_____.[A]ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago.[B]showsageneraltendencyofdecline.[C]satisfiestherealneedofthejobless.[D]islowerthanbeforetherecession.39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,_____.[A]itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance[B]employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance[C]itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembers[D]full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance40.Thetextmainlydiscusses_______.[A]employmentintheUS[B]part-timerclassification[C]insurancethoughMedicaid[D]Obamacare’stroublePartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.[A]Youarenotalone[B]Don’tfearresponsibilityforyourlife[C]Paveyourownuniquepath[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal[E]Thinkaboutthepresentmoment[F]Experiencehelpsyougrow[G]TherearemanythingstobegratefulforUnfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,aromanticrelationshiporahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon’tlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharethesetenoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheway.41._____________________________Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,“Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.”Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.42_____________________________Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocusonthepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxiousaboutthefuture.Youmayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththethingsandcircumstancesyoucannotchange.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.Enjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbedesignedintothepresent.43______________________________Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.44________________________________Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives,trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandencouragement.45________________________________Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingobjectivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.Youliveinyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices.SectionIIITranslationDirections:Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’seasytozoneoutfromtheactualdrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecan’trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn’tpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwasshorter.SectionIVWritingPartADirections:Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeanoticeto1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and2)callforvolunteers.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyo