甘肃医学院《医用英语阅读》2024-2025学年期末试卷（A卷）

甘肃医学院《医用英语阅读》2024-----2025学年期末试卷（A卷）专业

班级

姓名

学号

题号一二三四五六七八九十成绩复核签字得分登分签字说明：本试卷共100分；答题要求：按要求答题考生须知:1.姓名、学号、系、专业、年级、班级必须写在密封线内指定位置。2.答案必须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷上，字迹要清晰，卷面要整洁，写在草稿纸上的一律无效。一、医学词汇匹配（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）将下列英文医学词汇与对应的中文释义匹配，将答案序号填在括号内。英文词汇中文释义.hypertensionA.糖尿病2.diabetesmellitusB.高血压3.myocardialinfarctionC.肺炎4.pneumoniaD.心肌梗死5.osteoporosisE.骨质疏松症6.antibioticF.抗生素7.chemotherapyG.化疗8.hemoglobinH.血红蛋白9.vaccinationI.疫苗接种10.electrocardiogramJ.心电图二、短篇阅读理解（共2篇，每篇5小题，每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。Passage1Hypertension,orhighbloodpressure,isacommonchronicmedicalconditioninwhichtheforceofbloodagainstarterywallsisconsistentlytoohigh.Overtime,thisincreasedpressurecandamagethearteriesandleadtoserioushealthproblems,suchasheartdisease,stroke,andkidneyfailure.Therearetwomaintypesofhypertension:primary(essential)hypertensionandsecondaryhypertension.Primaryhypertensionaccountsforabout90-95%ofcasesandhasnosingleidentifiablecause,thoughitisoftenlinkedtolifestylefactorslikepoordiet(highinsodium),lackofphysicalactivity,obesity,andexcessivealcoholconsumption.Secondaryhypertension,whichaffects5-10%ofpatients,iscausedbyanunderlyingmedicalcondition,suchaskidneydisease,hormonaldisorders,ortheuseofcertainmedications.Diagnosisofhypertensionisbasedonrepeatedbloodpressuremeasurements.Anormalbloodpressurereadingisbelow120/80mmHg.Areadingof130/80mmHgorhigherisconsideredhypertension.Treatmenttypicallyinvolveslifestylemodifications(e.g.,reducingsodiumintake,increasingexercise,quittingsmoking)and,insomecases,medicationslikeACEinhibitorsorbeta-blockers.Regularmonitoringisimportanttomanagetheconditionandpreventcomplications.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A.ThecausesofheartdiseaseB.Thedefinition,types,andmanagementofhypertensionC.ThedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarykidneydiseaseD.TheimportanceofregularexerciseforobesityWhichofthefollowingisalifestylefactorlinkedtoprimaryhypertension?A.KidneydiseaseB.HormonaldisordersC.HighsodiumintakeD.UseofcertainmedicationsWhatpercentageofhypertensioncasesissecondaryhypertension?A.5-10%B.10-15%C.80-85%D.90-95%Anormalbloodpressurereadingis________.A.below120/80mmHgB.120-130/80mmHgC.130/80mmHgorhigherD.above140/90mmHgWhichmedicationismentionedasatreatmentforhypertension?A.AntibioticsB.ACEinhibitorsC.ChemotherapydrugsD.InsulinPassage2Vaccinationisacriticalpublichealthtoolthathelpsprotectindividualsandcommunitiesfrominfectiousdiseases.Itworksbyintroducingaweakened,inactivated,orpartialformofapathogen(suchasavirusorbacterium)intothebody.Thistriggerstheimmunesystemtoproduceantibodies—proteinsthatrecognizeandfightthepathogen.Ifthevaccinatedpersonislaterexposedtotheactualpathogen,theirimmunesystemcanquicklyrespondtopreventillnessorreduceitsseverity.Vaccineshavebeeninstrumentalineradicatingorcontrollingmanydeadlydiseases.Forexample,smallpox,onceaglobalscourgethatkilledmillions,wasdeclarederadicatedin1980thankstoaworldwidevaccinationcampaign.Otherdiseaseslikepolio,measles,andpertussis(whoopingcough)havealsobeensignificantlyreducedthroughvaccinationprograms.Despitetheirproveneffectiveness,somepeoplehaveconcernsaboutvaccinesafety.However,extensiveresearchandtestingshowthatvaccinesaresafeformostpeople.Themostcommonsideeffectsaremild,suchasasorearmorlow-gradefever,whicharefarlessseriousthanthediseasesvaccinesprevent.Vaccinationnotonlyprotectstheindividualbutalsocontributesto"herdimmunity"—asituationwhereenoughpeopleinacommunityarevaccinatedtopreventthespreadofthediseasetothosewhocannotbevaccinated(e.g.,infants,theelderly,orpeoplewithweakenedimmunesystems).Howdoesvaccinationwork?A.Itdirectlykillsthepathogeninthebody.B.Itintroducesaformofthepathogentotriggerantibodyproduction.C.Itstrengthensthehearttoresistinfectiousdiseases.D.Itreducesthebody’sneedforantibiotics.Whichdiseasewaseradicatedthroughvaccination?A.PolioB.MeaslesC.SmallpoxD.PertussisWhatisacommonmildsideeffectofvaccination?A.SeverefeverB.SorearmC.KidneyfailureD.AllergicshockWhatis"herdimmunity"?A.Asituationwhereeveryoneinacommunityisvaccinated.B.Aconditionwherevaccinesareineffectiveforagroupofpeople.C.Protectionofunvaccinatedpeopleduetohighvaccinationratesinthecommunity.D.Atypeofvaccinethatprotectsmultiplediseasesatonce.Theauthor’sattitudetowardvaccinationis________.A.criticalB.supportiveC.neutralD.doubtful三、长篇阅读理解（共1篇，10小题，每小题3分，满分30分）阅读下列关于糖尿病的长篇短文，回答问题。Passage3DiabetesMellitus:Types,Symptoms,andManagementDiabetesmellitusisagroupofmetabolicdisorderscharacterizedbyhighbloodglucoselevels(hyperglycemia)overaprolongedperiod.Thisresultsfromeitherthepancreasnotproducingenoughinsulin(ahormonethatregulatesbloodsugar)orthebody’scellsnotrespondingproperlytoinsulin.Overtime,uncontrolleddiabetescandamagevariousorgans,includingtheeyes,kidneys,nerves,andheart.TypesofDiabetesMellitusTherearethreemaintypesofdiabetes:Type1Diabetes:Alsoknownasinsulin-dependentdiabetes,thistypeoccurswhentheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksanddestroystheinsulin-producingbetacellsinthepancreas.Asaresult,thebodyproduceslittleornoinsulin.Type1diabetestypicallydevelopsinchildren,adolescents,oryoungadults,thoughitcanoccuratanyage.PeoplewithType1diabetesrequiredailyinsulininjectionstosurvive.Type2Diabetes:Thisisthemostcommontype,accountingforabout90%ofdiabetescasesworldwide.Itoccurswhenthebodybecomesresistanttoinsulin(cellsdonotuseinsulineffectively)and/orthepancreasdoesnotproduceenoughinsulintocompensate.Type2diabetesisstronglylinkedtolifestylefactorssuchasobesity,physicalinactivity,andadiethighinprocessedfoods.Itoftendevelopsinmiddle-agedorolderadults,butinrecentyears,ithasbecomemorecommoninchildrenandadolescentsduetorisingchildhoodobesityrates.GestationalDiabetes:Thistypedevelopsduringpregnancywhenhormonalchangescauseinsulinresistance.Mostwomenwithgestationaldiabetesdonothavesymptoms,butitcanincreasetheriskofcomplicationsforboththemotherandthebaby(e.g.,largebirthweight,pretermbirth).Inmanycases,gestationaldiabetesresolvesafterchildbirth,butwomenwhohavehaditareathigherriskofdevelopingType2diabeteslaterinlife.CommonSymptomsTheclassicsymptomsofdiabetesinclude:Polyuria(frequenturination):Thebodytriestoeliminateexcessglucosethroughurine.Polydipsia(increasedthirst):Frequenturinationleadstodehydration.Polyphagia(increasedhunger):Cellsdonotreceiveenoughglucose,sothebodysignalsaneedformorefood.Othersymptoms:Unexplainedweightloss,fatigue,blurredvision,andslowwoundhealing.However,manypeoplewithType2diabetesorgestationaldiabetesmaynotexperienceobvioussymptoms,whichiswhyregularscreeningisimportantforhigh-riskgroups.DiagnosisandManagementDiagnosisofdiabetesisbasedonbloodglucosetests,suchasthefastingplasmaglucose(FPG)test,oralglucosetolerancetest(OGTT),orhemoglobinA1c(HbA1c)test.TheHbA1ctestisparticularlyusefulasitmeasuresaveragebloodglucoselevelsoverthepast2-3months.Managementofdiabetesfocusesonkeepingbloodglucoselevelswithinatargetrangetopreventcomplications.Theapproachvariesbytype:Type1Diabetes:Requireslifelonginsulintherapy,alongwithregularbloodglucosemonitoring,abalanceddiet(lowinrefinedcarbohydrates),andregularphysicalactivity.Type2Diabetes:Initiallymanagedwithlifestylemodifications(weightloss,increasedexercise,healthyeating).Iftheseareinsufficient,oralmedications(e.g.,metformin)orinsulinmaybeadded.GestationalDiabetes:Managedthroughdiet,exercise,andbloodglucosemonitoring.Insomecases,insulinmaybeneededtocontrolbloodsugarlevelsduringpregnancy.Patienteducationisalsoakeypartofdiabetesmanagement.Peoplewithdiabetesneedtolearnhowtomonitortheirbloodglucose,administerinsulin(ifneeded),andmakehealthylifestylechoicestolivewellwiththecondition.WhatisthemaincauseofType1diabetes?A.InsulinresistanceduetoobesityB.ImmunesystemdamagetopancreaticbetacellsC.HormonalchangesduringpregnancyD.HighintakeofprocessedfoodsWhichtypeofdiabetesaccountsfor90%ofcasesworldwide?A.Type1diabetesB.Type2diabetesC.GestationaldiabetesD.SecondarydiabetesWhatisacommonriskfactorforType2diabetes?A.ChildhoodageB.PhysicalinactivityC.ImmunesystemdisordersD.PregnancyWhichsymptomisNOTaclassicsignofdiabetes?A.Polyuria(frequenturination)B.Polydipsia(increasedthirst)C.Polyphagia(increasedhunger)D.ExcessivesleepinessTheHbA1ctestmeasures________.A.bloodglucoselevelsatasinglemomentB.averagebloodglucoselevelsover2-3monthsC.insulinlevelsinthepancreasD.theriskofgestationaldiabetesHowisType1diabetesprimarilymanaged?A.OralmedicationslikemetforminB.LifestylemodificationsonlyC.LifelonginsulintherapyplusdietandexerciseD.SurgerytorepairthepancreasWhatisapotentialcomplicationofgestationaldiabetesforthebaby?A.SmallbirthweightB.LargebirthweightC.Type1diabetesatbirthD.BlindnessWhyisregularscreeningimportantforType2diabetes?A.Itismoredeadlythanothertypesofdiabetes.B.Itoftenhasnoobvioussymptoms.C.Itcanonlybediagnosedinmiddle-agedadults.D.Itrequiresimmediateinsulintreatment.WhichmedicationismentionedasatreatmentforType2diabetes?A.InsulinB.MetforminC.ACEinhibitorsD.AntibioticsWhatisakeypartofdiabetesmanagementbesidesmedicaltreatment?A.AvoidingallcarbohydratesinthedietB.Patienteducationonself-careC.MonthlybloodtransfusionsD.Completebedrest四、医学文本翻译（共2小题，第1题15分，第2题25分，满分40分）1.句子翻译（共5句，每句3分，满分15分）将下列英文医学句子翻译成中文，确保专业术语准确，语句通顺。（1）Thepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalwithcomplaintsofchestpainandshortnessofbreath,whichstarted2hourspriortoarrival.（2）RegularphysicalactivitycanhelpimproveinsulinsensitivityandreducetheriskofdevelopingType2diabetes.（3）Antibioticsarenoteffectiveagainstviralinfectionssuchasthecommoncoldorinfluenza.（4）Theelectrocardiogram(ECG)showedsignsofmyocardialischemia,indicatingapossibleheartattack.（5）Nursesplayacrucialroleinmonitoringpatients’vitalsigns(temperature,pulse,respiration,bloodpressure)andreportinganyabnormalities.2.段落翻译（共1段，满分25分）将下列关于肺炎的英文段落翻译成中文，要求：专业术语准确，逻辑清晰，符合中文医学文本表达习惯。Pneumoniaisaninfectionthatinflamestheairsacs(alveoli)inoneorbothlungs.Theairsacsmayfillwithfluidorpus,causingsymptomssuchascoughwithphlegmorpus,fever,chills,anddifficultybr