德伯家的苔丝presentation

TessoftheD'UrbervillesThomasHardy(1840-1928)17112303顾蓉17112307蒋爱家17112312吴晶ContentsTheAuthorAnalysisonCharactersMainIdeaPlotoftheTextAnalysisontheTextThomasHardy

(1840~1928)ThomasHardyLifeWorksTheme&StylePosition&EvaluationLifeThomasHardywasan

Englishnovelist,shortwriterandpoet.HewasaVictorianpoet.Heusedhiswritingstoelaboratehisownpessimisticviewoflife.LifeWorksWorksShortStories1888WessexTales1894

Life’sLittleIronies…Poetry1904~1908

TheDynastsWorksHisnovelswerepublishedinserialformsinmagazinesandpopularinbothEnglandandAmerica.However,despitethepraiseHardy'sfictionreceived,manycriticsalsofoundhisworkstooshocking,especiallyTessoftheD'UrbervillesandJudetheObscure.TheoutcryagainstJudewassogreatthatHardydecidedtostopwritingnovelsandreturntohisfirstgreatlove,poetry.Theme&StyleThemefatalismandpessimism--man'slifecontrolledbyhostile,cruel,mysteriousfate--apessmisticveinrunsthroughouthisnovelssympathyforthepeasantsTheme&StyleStyleNaturalismpreviousRomanticEnlightenmentperiodsofliteratureanaturalistictendencyarchitecturalstructurepersonificationandsymbolismTheme&StylePosition&EvaluationHispoetrymarksthetransitionfromtheVictorianAgetothemodernistmovementofthe20thcentury.AnalysisonCharactersTessDurbeyfieldAlecd’UrbervilleAngelClareTessDurbeyfieldIntelligent,strikinglyattractive,deepmoralsensitivity,passionateintensityamythicheroineSt.TeresaofAvila(圣女大德兰)Theresa“DaughterofNature”inChapter18“Artemis”and“Demeter”inChapter20TessDurbeyfieldamythicalincarnationofwomanhoodhereyesare“neitherblacknorbluenorgreynorviolet;ratheralltheseshadestogether,”like“analmoststandardwoman.”a“standard”storyTessDurbeyfieldAlecd’UrbervillethenemesisanddownfallofTess’slifeAlexandertheGreatAlexanderStoke-d’UrbervillethesplitcharacterofhisfamilydividedduplicitousAlecd’Urbervillediabolical残忍的，恶魔的Thefirstpartofhissurnameconjuresassociationswithfieryenergies,asinthestokingofafurnaceortheflamesofhell.HeseducesherastheserpentinGenesisseducedEve.Alecdoesnottrytohidehisbadqualities.“"IsupposeIamabadfellow—adamnbadfellow.Iwasbornbad,andIhavelivedbad,andIshalldiebad,inallprobability."Alecd’UrbervilleHerepresentsalargermoralprincipleratherthanarealindividualman.LikeSatan,Alecsymbolizesthebaseforcesoflifethatdriveapersonawayfrommoralperfectionandgreatness.AngelClareafreethinkingsonbornintothefamilyofaprovincialparsonarebelliousstrivingtowardapersonalvisionofgoodnesssecularist现世主义者，世俗主义者workforthe“honorandgloryofman”atypicalyoungnineteenth-centuryprogressiveHerejectsthevalueshandedtohim,andsetsoffinsearchofhisown.AngelClareAngelisnotquiteofthisworld,butfloatsaboveitinatranscendentsphereofhisown.hisloveforTessmaybeabstract"DaughterofNature"or"Demeter"Angel’sidealsofhumanpurityaretooelevatedtobeappliedtoactualpeople.Itisnottheangelwhoguidesthehumaninthisnovel,butthehumanwhoinstructstheangel,althoughatthecostofherownlife.MainIdeaTesscomesfromafarmer’sfamily,theDurbeyfields.Shehaslivedapoorbutpeacefullife.theyaredescendedfromtheD’Urbervilles.thegirlcomesincontactwiththeStoke,D’Urbervilles.ThereshemeetsAlecD’Urbervilles,whoshowsofftheestateandalwaysseducesher.Beinghumiliatedandresolute,Tessreturnshome,andgivesbirthtoababywhodiessoonTesshastoleavehomeandgoestoworkasadairymaidatadistantfarm,whereshemeetsAngelClaire.Theyfallinlove,butAngelabandonher.MainideaAlecD’Urbervilles,theevilpersonappearsagain.HetakesadvantageoftheDurbeyfields’povertyandcontinuestotemptTess.AngelClaire,whoisremorsefulforhismercilessness,comesback,buttofindthecruelreality.AfterAngelleaves,shestabsAlecintheheartandkillshim.ThenshefollowsAngelandescapewithhimTheymanagetohideforawhileinawoodbeforetheycometoStonehenge,wheresheisarrested.Sheishangedlater.TheplotofChapterLVIIIChapterLIXThelastparagraph“Justice”wasdone,andthePresidentoftheImmortals(inAeschyleanphrase)hadendedhissportwithTess.Andthed’Urbervilleknightsanddamessleptonintheirtombsunknowing.Thetwospeechlessgazersbentthemselvesdowntotheearth,asifinprayer,andremainedtherealongtime,absolutelymotionless:theflagcontinuedtowavesilently.Assoonastheyhadstrengththeyarose,joinedhandsagain,andwenton.“死刑”执行了，用埃斯库罗斯的话说，那个众神之王对苔丝的戏弄也就结束了。德贝维尔家的骑士和夫人们在坟墓里躺着，对这件事一无所知。那两个一言不发的观看的人，把身体躬到了地上，仿佛正在祈祷，他们就那样躬着，过了好久好久，一动也不动。黑旗继续不声不响地在风中飘着。他们等到有了力气，就站起来，又手拉着手往前走IntheGreektragedianAeschylus’PrometheusBound,

Prometheusdaredtostealfirefromthegodsforthebenefitofmen,thusimprovinghumanlife,buthewaspunishedbyeternalagonysentbythepresidentofthegods.Aeschylus’sviewofthatdivinejusticewasironic—justasHardy’sjusticeisplacedinironicquotationmarks—sinceitseemeddeeplyunjusttopunishPrometheussoseverely.AnalysisAnalysisHowever,comparedwithPrometheus’sbravedeed,Tess’ssufferingseemssimplyagameor“sport”.ItishardtoknowwhetherTesshasbroughtanybenefitstoanyone.Inanycase,HardyhintsthatTess’slifemayhaveamythicalandtragicimportancelikethatofPrometheus,butitisuptoustojudgehowironicthisjusticeis,orwhatherlife’simportancemightbe.AnalysisItstiredandunimpassionedtonesuggeststhenarrator’swearinesswiththewaysoftheworld,asifquitefamiliarwiththefactthatlifealwaysunfoldsinthisway.Nothinggreatisachievedbythisfinale:thetwofiguresofLiza-LuandAngel“wenton”attheend,justaslifeitselfwillgoon.TragedySocietyenvironmentLawsystemMoralityethicReligionfactorThemesCriticismofsocialconventionsofVictorianEngland(ideasofsocialclassaswellasthesexualdoublestandard)NaturalismasagainsttheacheofmodernismTheinjusticeofexistence;MendominatingwomenNaturalismModernismisvaguetermreferringtotheart,poetry,literature,architecture,andphilosophyofEuropeandAmericaintheearlytwentieth-century.Ingeneral,modernismismarkedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)thedesiretobreakawayfromestablishedtraditions,(2)aquesttofindfreshwaystoviewman'spositionorfunctionintheuniverse,(3)experimentsinformandstyle,particularlywithfragmentation--asopposedtothe"organic"theoriesofliteraryunityappearingintheRomanticandVictorianperiods