高三英语二轮复习突破：主旨大意题

第四讲主旨大意题

题型1概括主旨大意类

［示例］（2017•全国卷HI,C）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedto

YellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.

Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthe

continentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,

wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.Theywentfarthernorthintothe

deepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

ThedisappearanceofIhewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations-

majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsof

vegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote

populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfbxcs,and

plctclydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesto

YellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.

Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsor

pets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearsingupwithaplantoreintroduce（hewolves.TheU.S.

FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,

thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittingiratYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyote

populationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeaeback.TheYellowstonewolf

projecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvesto

otherpartsofthecountryaswell.

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C.Theconflictbetweenfannersandgraywolves.

D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

I解题思路I

第一步速读文章，找出本篇主题句

Afteryearsofhcatcddebate,graywolveswerjjcintroduccdtoYcHowstonc

NationalPark.

第二步对比选项，确定答案

关键词复现：wolves:reintroduced;YdlowstoneNationalPark

尝试解答D

I答题技巧］

1.识别题干关键

(1)What,sthemainideaofthepassage/text?

(2)What,sthepassage/textmainlyabout?

(3)Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage/text?

2.“主题句定位”寻主旨

概括文章主旨关键在于查找主题句。主题句是文章的核心，具有明确的概括性。主题句的位

置一般有以下几种：

⑴主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思

想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。

(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。

(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。

(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。

3.找主题句的五个窍门

⑴首段转折处常引出文章主题句；

(2)主题句常包含文章主题词；

(3)主题句常是定义型或总结型的句子；

(4)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的I口I答可能是主题句；

(5)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。

题型2总结段落大意类

［示例］(2017•全闰密IIrCInc.saidgiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirst

flight,bringingthepanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyearThe

vehicle—namedtheTransition-hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbe

drivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreach

around70milesperhourontheroadand115in(heair.Ilfliesusinga23-gallonlankofgasand

burns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thebasicdataof(heTransition.

B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解题思路］

第一步读本段文字，试找出能总结段落大意的关键词

hasseats;-foil］\vheelsgndwin?s;理」，

400feet;reacharound70milesperhour等、

第二步归纳本段大意

尝试解答A

［答题技巧］

1.识别题干关键

the...mainideaofthe...paragraphisprobably.

The...The...paragraphtalksabout.

（3）What'sParagraph...mainlyabout?

2.“首尾兼顾”定选项

⑴每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落中心通常会在段首句体现出来。有些采用归纳法的段

落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，段落中心会在段尾句体现。

⑵注意某些段落没有明显的段落中心，需根据段落内容概括出中心。

题型3标题归纳类

［示例］（2017•全国卷Hl,D）TheIntelligentTransportteamNewcastleUniversityhaveturned

anelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB"inordertounderstandthechallenges

facedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.

Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell­

beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembeingmoreisolated（隔绝）andinactive.

LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesfor

olderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.

Theseincludecustom-madenavigation（#M）tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligent

speedadaptations.PhilBlylheexplains:"Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneor

inthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomto

getoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.M

“Butwcallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoften

resultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidencein

（heirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”

DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:"TheDrivcLABis

helpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhow

wcmightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.”

“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelse

butsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandso

weremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.WeJrelookingatthe

benefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat."

“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions（解决方案）toensurethat

olderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.M

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewModelElectricCar

B.ASolutiontoTrafficProblems

C.DrivingServicesforElders

D.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad

I解题思路］

第一步速读全文，找出本文的信息句，并标出关键词

LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesfor

olderdriverswhich(heyhopecouldhelpthemtoconlinuedrivingintolaterlife.

第二步比对选项，确定答案

关键词复现：olddrivers；continue

尝试解答D

［答题技巧1

1.识别题干关键

(I)WhatisthebesttitleforIhispassage?

(2)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.

(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

2.“高度概括”定标题

(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。

为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。

(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，

需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。

3.文章标题三特点

⑴一般为单词、短语或句子形式，短语居多；

⑵短小精悍，精确性强；

⑶涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。

［状元技法］

大局为重——土旨大意题解题两注意

1.主旨大意题难度较大，属于区分度很高的选拔性题目。注意无论此类题目出现在什么位

置都要最后做，需要通读全文后才能更好地把握文章主题，且文章中其他题目的解答会有助

于对主题的理解。

2.注意主旨大意题干扰项的四个特征

⑴范围过大：干扰项所归纳、概括的范围太大。

⑵断章取义：干扰项常以文章的个别信息作为选项，或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的

主要观点。

⑶以偏概全：干扰项只反映了文章的部分内容，也就是范围太小。

(4)无中生有：干扰项的内容和文章的内容亳无联系。

A

(2017•云南昆明扃■三质检)Twoweeksago,a7-year-oldgirl,ChloeBridgewaterwrotea

letter(oGoogle,expressingherinterestinworkingfor(hetechpanywhenshegetsolder."Dear

Googleboss,mynameisChloeandwhenIambiggerIwouldlikeajobwithGoogle,“she

wrote."IalsowanttoworkinachocolatefactoryanddoswimmingintheOlympics."The

studentsaidshelikedputersandhadatabletsheplayedgameson.Sheevenshowedoffarobot

gamethatherdadgaveher.

1(wasn'tlongbeforeSundarPichai,CEOofGoogle,repliedwithhisownletteronGoogle

website.InaletterdatedFeb.3,Pichaiwrote,uDearChloe,Tmgladthatyoulikeputersand

robots,andhope(hatyouwillcontinuetolearnabouttechnology.Ithinkifyoukeepworkinghard

andfollowyourdreams,youcanacplisheverythingyousetyourmindto.Ilookforwardto

receivingyourjobapplicationwhenyouarefinishedwithschool!”

Herfather,AndyBridgewatertoldABCNewshewaspletelyshockedthathisdaughter

receivedareply.Buthewasn'tsurprisedthatshedecidedtowritetheletterinthefirstplace.

“She'sgotdetermination.Shedoesn'tseethebarriersthatwcfaceeveryday,"heexplained.**If

shewantstodoit,shewillsetouttodoitandnothingwillstopher.M

Thefatherremarkedthathisdaughterbeganjumpingupanddownafterreceivingtheletter.

Still,he'snotinarushtosendhiseldestdaughterofftowork."Now,mydaughterisconfident,

althoughshehasn,tyetfullyunderstoodthatilwilltakemoreeffortsthanfinishingherstudyto

makeitwithGoogle,hesaid.

［解题导语］本文是一篇记叙文，七岁女孩ChloeBridgewater给谷歌CEOSundarPichai

写信，没想到却收到了Sundar的回信。

1.Chloe'slettertoPichaishowsusthatshe.

A.expectstobeoneoftheGooglemembers

B.hasatalentformakingrobots

C.makesuphermindtostudyhard

D.buriesherselfinputergames

A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“when1ambiggerIwouldlikeajobwith

Google”可知，她写信给谷歌CEO是希望长大后能在谷歌工作，故A项正确。

2.Wecanknowfromthetextthat.

A.thegirlwrotethelettertoPichaionFebruary3

B.therearetwochildreninBridgewater'$family

C.Andydidn'texpectareplyfromPichaiatall

D.GoogleissuretohireChloeafterhergraduation

C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句"Herfalher,AndyBridgewatertoldABCNewshe

wasplelelyshocked(hathisdaughterreceivedareply.”可知，Andy对于他的女儿能收到回信

很惊讶，据此可推知，Andy根本没有指望会收到谷歌CEO的回信，故C项正确。

3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.A7-year-oldgirlgetsajobwithGoogle.

B.CEOofGooglerespondstoagirl'sletter.

C.AfatherforbidshisgirltoworkforGoogle.

D.Googledecidestoemployitsyoungestclerk.

B解析：主旨大意题。区文主要讲述七岁女孩ChloeBridgewater给谷歌CEO写信，希望

长大后在谷歌公司工作，没想到谷歌CEO给她回了信，鼓励她努力学习，实现梦想。故选

B项。

B

(2017•江西名校联盟检测)Severaldecadesago,educatorsintheUSAbegantocallattention

toanationalproblem:moststudentsleaveAmericanschoolswithoutthemathematicalskills

neededforjobsorforhighereducation.Thiswasespeciallytrueforfemaleandminority

students.TheEducationalTestingServicereportedthat,inaninternationalsurvey,American

teenagershadthelowestmaihscores.

Thissituationhasbeendefinedas“innumeracy”,ortheinabilitylograspthebasicideaof

mathematics.Mathematicians,teachers,andscientistswerealarmedbythesefindings.Theylooked

forthereasonsanddecidedthat,inadditiontopooreducation,therearemanypsychological

blocks.

Embarrassmentaboutnotknowingmathcanleadtofearintheclassroom.Fearcanleadto

silencebecausestudentsdonotwanttodrawatteniiontotheirlackofknowledge.Asaresult,

thosestudentsfallfurtherandfurther

behind.Lowvisibilityin〔heclassroomhasnolalwaysbeenrecognizedasa

silentcallforhelp.

Matheducatorsdecidedtotrytochangethat.Mathreformisbeginningwiththeeducators

themselves.Teachcrsarenowbeingtrainedtorecognizeandtohelpstudentsworkthrough'math

anxiety^^—theroadblockontheirwaytogainingpetenceinmathematics.Inaddition,math

textbooksarcbeingupdatedtohelpstudentsunderstandthatmathisnotasortofforeignlanguage

ofnumbers.Mathisatoolthathelpsustoanalyzepatternsandstructures,andtodiscover

relationships.

Traditionalputingskillsofaddition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivisionarestill3eing

(aught,ofcourse.However,thereisaddedemphasisonlogicalthinkingandcreativeproblem

solving,towhichtheremaybeseveralequallyvalidsolutions.

［解题导语］本文讲逑了美国学生无法掌握数学基本概念的现象、原因及相应的对策。

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceprobablymean?

A.Studentswithlowscoresfeartoasktheirteachersforhelp.

B.Poorequipmentinclassroomslimitsteens'chancestolearn.

C.Mathanxiety,hardlynoticed,isactuallyasilentcallforhelp.

D.Poor-sightedstudentscan'tseeclearly,whichisasilentcallforhelp.

C解析：句意理解题。根据上下文及画线句前面的“Embarrassmentaboutnotknowingmath

canleadtofearintheclassroom.Fearcanleadtosilencebecausestudentsdonotwanttodraw

attentiontotheirlackofknowledge.M可知，学生会因自己不懂某些数学知识感到尴尬，而这

又会使他们产生恐惧心理，恐惧可能导致沉默，因为学生不想让人注意到自己知识匮乏，相

应地，老师也就会忽略学生这方面的不足，由此可知，C项最能传达该画线句的含义。

5.WhichmayleadtoAmericanstudents'innumeracy?

A.Themethodsofteaching.

B.Thedifficultyofmathitself.

C.Students'lackofinterestinmath.

D.Schools'notattachingenoughvaluetoit.

A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“inadditiontopooreducation”及第四段的内容

尤其是“Mathreformisbeginningwith(heeducatorsihemselves.Teachersarenowbeing(rained

torecognizeandtohelpstudents...gainingpetenceinmathematics.“可知，教学方法可能是美国

学生不能掌握数学基本概念的原因。

6.Whatmaybediscussedin(hefollowingparagraph?

A.WhattobetaughtinAmerica'srevisedmathprograms.

B.HowtomakemathreformactuallybenefitAmericanstudents.

C.Howtoimproveteens,logicalthinkingandproblem-solvingabilities.

D.Whytraditionalpulingskillsarenecessaryinmathematicseducation.

C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"thereisaddedemphasisonlogicalthinkingand

creativeproblemsolving,towhichtheremaybeseveralequallyvalidsolutions"可知,文聿接下

来可能会陈述有关怎样提高学生的逻辑思维能力及创造性地解决问题的能力方面的内容，故

选C。

7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Mathematicskillsneededforhighereducation.

B.ThefeaturesofAmerica'smathematicseducation.

C.ImprovementsinmathematicseducationintheU.S.

D.Theimportanceofmathematicseducationin（heU.S.

C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文作者就美国学生无法掌握数学基本概念的现象、

原因及相应的对策进行了陈述，故C项最能括文章的主要内容。

专题强化训练15主旨大意题——概括主旨大意/段落大意类［学生用书P105（单独成

册）］

A

（2017・长春监测）LifeintheInternetageislonely—orisit?That'swhatexpertsinhjman

interactionaredebatingafteranewStanfordUniversitysurveyhasbeenpublished.

Accordingiothestudy,ihemoretimepeoplespendonline,thelesstheycanspareforreal-

liferelationshipswithfamilyandfriends.Theresearchersasked113peopleabouttheWeb's

influenceondailyactivities.36%ofthosepeopleareonlineformorethanfivehoursaweek.

“AsInternetusebeesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanincreasinglyisolating（孤立的）effecton

society,MsaysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.

ScholarsandWebloverscriticizedthestudyfbrstretchingitsdatatomakethe“isolating”

point.While13%ofregulai-Webusersadmittedthelossoftimewithlovedones,60%reported

watchinglessTV.Thesurveyalsoshowsthate-mailisthemostpopularonlineactivity.Ifsome

ofwebheads。阿虫）spendwhatwasoncepassiveTVtimekeepingpanywithfriendsviae-mails,

"that'samovetowardgreaterconnectedness»nsaysPaulResnick,aprofessorattheUniversity

ofMichigan.

Thisisn,tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecriticized.A1998reportmonitored73

Pittsburgh-arcafamilies'Internetusefbrayear.PeoplewhousedtheInternetmoreutalkedless

（ofamilymembersandreportedbeinglonelierandmoredepressed,°saysRobertKraut.

"It'struethattherehavebeenbigdeclinesinsocialconnectednessoverthepastdecades,

butthosedeclinesbeganbeforetheInternetwasinvented,MsaysThomasPutnam.

AsAmitayEtzionisays,theInternetgivesusadifferentkindofsociallife-notbetteror

worsethanbefore,butjustdifferent.

［解题导语］本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究，即网络是否会导致社会孤立以及来自

社会各界的讨论。

1.WhoclaimedthattheWebhadnegativeinfluence?

A.RobertKraut.B.PaulResnick.

C.ThomasPutnam.D.AmitayEtzioni.

A解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的"AsInternetusebeesmorewidespread,itwillhavean

increasinglyiso山ting（孤立的）effectonsociety,nsaysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.可知，

罗伯特・克劳特认为随着网络使用越来越广泛，网络会导致社会孤立效应。故选A项。

2.Theunderlinedword"This"inPara.4refersto.

A.thestudyconductedbyStanfordUniversity

B.thesurveymadebytheUniversityofMichigan

C.theconclusioninareportwrittenin1998

D.theopinionexpressedinBowlingAlone

A解析：词义猜测题。曲线词所在句句意为：这不是第一次有人称网络应该受到批评。这

仍然是罗伯特・克劳特的观点，也就是斯坦福大学开展的调查研究的结果。故选A项。

3.Fromthepassagewelearnthat.

A.watchingTVusedtotaketimeawayfromstayingonline

B.36%ofWebusersspendmorethanfivehoursaweekonline

C.theWebwasblamedmorethanonceforcausinganisolatingeffect

D.theWebhasthesameinfluenceasthetelephoneandthetelevision

C解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句Thisisn，tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbe

criticized.可知，因为网络使人们之间的联系减少，不止一次有人对此进行谴责。故选C项。

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A•howwecanmakeabetteruseoftheInternet

B.whethertheInternetcausesanisolatingeffect

C.howdeclinesinsocialconnectednessappear

D.whatadifferentlifetheInternetbringstous

B解析：主旨大意题。文章以一项调查研究入题，进行了关于网络是否会导致社会孤立效

应的讨论。故选B项。

B

（2017•广东佛山检测）Thetimesarcchanging.OnThursdayOctober13th,singer-songwriter

BobDylanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,markingthefirsttimeihehighly-eyed-on

literaryawardhasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician,andgivingrisetoheated

discussions.

The75-year-oldwontheprize“fbrhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreat

AmericansongtraditiontheSwedishAcademysaid.

“For54yearshehasbeenalit,reinventinghimself,“saidSaraDanius,（heacademy*s

permanentsecretary."BobDylanwritespoetryfbrtheear.Butit'sperfectlyfinetoreadhis

worksaspoetry.”

AndwhilemanyDylan'sfanshavefoundgreatdelightatthenews,othersonlineandinthe

literarymunityarecrosswilhthemiltee,sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersfor

thesecondyear.

NewYorkTimesBookRevieweditorPamelaPaulsaiditwasgoodnewsbutpointedouthow

many“deserving“noveliststherearc.

DirectorMartinScorseseputoutastatementsayinghewas“oveijoyed“thatDylanwas

awardedtheprize.

“Dylan'spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantsomuchtomepersonallyandto

generationsofpeoplearoundtheworld,vScorsesesaid."Hisworkhasinfluencedandshaped

culture,andhehasneverstoppedexploringandgrowingasanartist.TheNobelniitteehasgiven

Dylanaformofrecognitionthatfitshisroleinourculture—inworldculture.M

DylanwonaPulitzerPrizein2008forhisugreatinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmerican

culture”.He'sthefirstAmericantowintheliteraryNobelsinceToniMorrisonin1993.

［解题导语］作为一名歌手，鲍勃・迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息让很多人大感意外，从

而引发热议。

5.WhydoesBobDylan'swinning(heNobelPrizecauseheateddiscussions?

A.Hecreatedpoeticexpressions.

B.Heisknownasamusician.

C.Hereinventshimself.

D.Heis75yearsold.

B解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的markingthefirsttimethehighly-cycd-onliteraryaward

hasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician可知，正是因为匏勃•迪伦是一位歌手,

所以获得诺贝尔文学奖才引发热议。故选B项。

6.WhichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpartinParagraph4?

A.Arethankfulto.B.Aresatisfiedwith.

C.Areangrywith.D.Areworriedabout.

C解析：C义猜测题。第四段开头的AndwhilemanyDylan'sfanshavefoundgreatdelightat

thenews中while表示“尽管“，引导让步状语从句，所以后面的enhersonlineandinthe

literarymunityarecrosswiththemittee中的arecrosswith与foundgreatdelight意思应该相

反。再根据最后的sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersforthesecondyear可判断，

arecrosswith应表示“对……生气”，而不是D项中的“担心……”。故选C项。

7.WhatcanweknowaboutDylanaccordingtoMarlinScorsese?

A.DylaninfluencesMartinalot.

B.Dylanishappywiththeaward.

C.Dylanisapoetratherthanamusician.

D.Dylanbenefitsalotfromworldculture.

A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Dylan'spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantso

muchtomepersonallyandtogenerationsofpeoplearoundtheworld可知，鲍勃•辿伦对他影响

很大。故选A项。

8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.AbriefintroductiontoBobDylan.

B.ThereasonforBobDylan*ssuccess.

C.BobDylan'sinfluenceonAmericanculture.

D.DifferentviewsonBobDylan'swinningtheNobelPrize.

D解析：主旨大意题。文章开头就点明了匏勃・迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖引起了热议，接着说

明了不同的人对此事的不同态度。故选D项。

C

(2()17•江西名校联股检测)Biologis【RobertPitmanandhiscolleaguestrackedorcas,orkiller

whales,andhumpbackwhalesoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Toresearchfurther,thescientists

attachedatrackertoafemaleorca,whichallowedthemtousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.

Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpback

whales.Duringthesevenattacks,theorcakilledthehumpbackwhalecalf(幼兽)onthree

occasions.

Butthestorydoesn'tendthere.Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughtto

belargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitman'sstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkothenvise.

Whenchasedbyorcas,humpbackwhalesarcknowntotrytooutswimorcas.Theyarc

thoughttodothisathighspeedsothattheorcascan'tkeepup.Onsomeoccasions,thehumpback

whalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenunderthe

researchers5boats.Thesewaysoftenreducedtheattack.Buialothertimes,thehumpbackwhales

decidedtostayandfight.

Astheorcasapproached,themotherhumpbackwouldsometimesmovehercalltoherside,

orliftitoutofthewaterusingherheadorflippers.Shealsoblewhugebreathsofairtodisturbthe

orcas,andlungedorchargedatthem,slashing(劈)andslappinghertailandflippers.Perhapsmost

surprisingly,humpbackwhalesalsohaveadultescorts(J''E|^)thattrytoprotectcalvesthatare

nottheirown.joiningthemotherindefendingthesmallerwhale.Theseescortwhaleseither

chargedattheorcas,orplacedthemselvesbetweentheattackersandcalves,slashingtheirtails

andflippers.

Despitetheeffortsofthemotherwhalesandescorts,theorcasweremoreoftenthannot

successfulintheirattacks.Butthepresenceoftheescortsdidreducehowmanytimesawhalecalf

waskilled.

［解题导语1本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何

追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的。

9.What's(hepurposeofthescientistsffurtherresearch?

A.Tokeeparecordofwhales,livinghabits.

B.Toobserveorcas'huntinghumpbackwhales.

C.Toseewhatlife-or-deathbattleswhalesmayface.

D.Tofindoutthetechniquesorcasusewhenhunting.

B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Toresearchfurther...tousesatelliteslomonitor

hermovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyoung

humpbackwhales."可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。

故选Bo

10.Whydidthehumpbackwhalesswimtoshallowwater?

A.Toavoidbeingattacked.

B.Tohuntforfood.

C.Toprotecttheiryoung.

D.Totrickthechasers.

A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Onsonicoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessought

outprotection.Theyswamloshallowwaler,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchers'boats.n

可知，驼背鲸游至浅水仅是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选A。

11.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?

A.Whyhumpbackwhalesfallvictimtoorcas.

B.Howhumpbackwhalesprotecttheircalves.

C.Thegreatmotherloveofhumpbackwhales.

D.Smallerhumpbackwhales*waysofsurviving.

B解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，木段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时.，

驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼患的。故B项最能概括本段的主旨要义。

12.WhatdocsPitman'sstudyfind?

A.Orcasaresuccessfulintheirattacks.

B.It'snoteasyfororcastoobtainfood.

C.Humpbackwhalesswimfasterthanorcas.

D.Humpbackwhalescouldbeactiveanimals.

D解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的"Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughtto

belargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitman'sstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkotherwise.n

可知，驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的、通常被动的生物，Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这

么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极

迎击。故选D。

专题强化训练16主旨大意题——标题归纳类［学生用书P107（单独成册）］

（2017•江西师大附中、।曲川一中联考）“Myneighbordoesn'tspeakEnglish,buther

kindnessneedsnotranslation.v

AngieMorris,an81-year-oldCanadianwomanwhogrewupinwartimeBritainandnow

livesinVancouver,BritishColumbia,wasdescribinghowhernext-doorneighbor,Ms.Wing,a68

-year-oldChinesewoman,voluntarilycooksmealsfbrhereveryday.Shecalledit“theultimate

home-deliveryservice.

Morris'smoving,first-personnarrativewhichwaspublishedlastweekbytheCanadian

newspaperTheGlobeandMail,hasgonepopular,wilhmorethan24,0()0onlinereposts.

“Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag,“shewrote."Athermoswithhotsoupanda

stainless-steelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp,

sometimeswithakindofpancake.Thishasbeeanalmostdailyoccurrence.M

WingstartedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheart

surgery.Shetookituponherselftobeginfeedingherneighbor,eventhoughthetwowomenhave

nowayofmunicatingverba