国际音标-元音辅音（2026版）

国际音标课件元音（20个）长元音/ɑː//ɔː//ɜː//iː//uː/短元音/ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ/双元音/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/

元音（20个）

辅音28个辅音（28个）爆破音清辅音/p//t//k/浊辅音/b//d//ɡ/摩擦音清辅音/f//θ//s//ʃ//h/浊辅音/v//ð//z//ʒ//r/破擦音清辅音/ts//tʃ//tr/浊辅音/dz//dʒ//dr/鼻音浊辅音/m//n//ŋ/半元音浊辅音/j//w/舌边音浊辅音/l/口腔位置图发音技巧1.舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量向上腭2.抬起略略扁形，像微笑的口形，3.嘴唇较紧发音时间可持续长些[i:]

发音技巧

[i:]eaeeeiepea[piː]tea

[tiː]bee

[biː]lee

[liː]be

[biː]we

[wiː]piece

[piːs]

niece[niːs]

[i:]Cometotea! [ti:]Cometoteawithme! [mi:]Cometoteawithmebysea! [si:]Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量向上腭抬起2.嘴唇向两旁伸开，成扁平形，在长元音[i:]的嘴型基础上往回收一些，嘴唇较松[ɪ]

发音技巧[ɪ]单词结尾的y或eypit[pɪt]bit[bɪt]silly[ˈsɪ-li]pity

[ˈpɪ-ti]闭音节中的字母i[ɪ]SillyBilly! [ˈsɪ-li][ˈbɪ-li]SillyBilly

isn’tSilly.[ˈɪznt]SillyBillyloveslily![ˈlɪ-li]Sentences发音技巧1.双唇紧闭，形成阻碍，憋住气流，而后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破声。2.发音时声带不振动[p]

发音技巧[p][p]单词后单词中单词前put

[put]

hop[hɔp]

pick[pɪk]

cap[kæp]

puppy[ˈpʌ-pi]

happy[ˈhæpi]Apigisinaship.[pɪɡ] [ʃɪp]Thepigpicksupabigpea.[pɪks][ʌp][piː]Practicemakesperfect. [ˈpræk-tɪs][ˈpɜː-fɪkt]Sentences发音技巧1.双唇紧闭，形成阻碍，憋住气流，而后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破声。2.b的爆破力度较小，3.发音时声带振动。[b]

发音技巧[b][b]单词后单词中单词前beep[biːp]

rib

[rɪb]

big[bɪg]

robot[ˈrəʊ-bɒt]

ribbon[ˈri-bən]bib

[bɪb]

Lookatthebluebird.[bluː][bɜːd]Thebabybluebirdblinks.[ˈbeɪ-bi][blɪŋks]Thebabybluebirdblinksonthebeach. [biːtʃ]Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬高；2.双唇向两旁咧开，嘴角肌肉感到紧张；3.开口程度大。[æ]

发音技巧[æ][æ]闭音节中的字母a单词首字母pat

[pæt]

tap[tæp]

apple[ˈæpl]alligator

['æ-li̗-gei-tə]Maryhasacat.[kæt]Maryhasablackcat.[blæk]Maryhasafatblackcat. [fæt] Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖抵下齿，不要太紧2.口略开，不扁唇，口形自然放松3.开口度上下齿之前可容纳一个食指[e]

发音技巧[e][e]get[get]

pen[pen]

bread

[bred]

breakfast['brek-fəst]eeaThehenlaysteneggs.[hen][ten][eɡz]Thehenlaystenfresheggs.[freʃ]Thehenlaystenfresheggseveryday. [ˈev-ri]Sentences发音技巧1.舌叶抵住上齿龈形成阻碍，憋住气流，而后猛然解除，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破声。2.发音时声带不振动。[t]

发音技巧[t][t]t

在单词后ttt在单词前tip[tɪp]bat[bæt]

tap[tæp]

fat

[fæt]

butter['bʌ-tə]

little['lɪtl]Thecathasahat.[kæt][hæt]Thecathasacutehat.[kjuːt]Thecutecathasacutehat.Sentences发音技巧1.舌叶抵住上齿龈形成阻碍，憋住气流，而后猛然解除，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破声。发音时声带振动。[d]

发音技巧[d][d]单词后单词中单词前dance[da:ns]

friend[frend]

desk[desk]

ride[raɪd]

tidy

['taɪ-di]hand[hænd]

Daddydives.[ˈdæ-di]Daddydivesintothesea.['daɪvz]Daddydivesintothedeep,deepsea.[diːp]Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量向上腭抬起2.略呈扁形，像微笑的口形，嘴唇较紧3.发音时间可持续长些[ɜː]

发音技巧[ɜː][ɜː]earearth[ɜːθ]

early['ɜː-lɪ]

irurergirl

[ɡɜːl]shirt

[ʃɜːt]purple

[ˈpɜːpl]turn[tɜːn]her

[hɜː]term

[tɜːm]worm[wɜːm]worth[wɜːθ]orEarlybirdgetstheworm.[ˈɜː-li][bɜːd][wɜːm]Thethirstybirdgetsthirtyworms.[ˈθɜː-sti][ˈθɜː-ti]Thethirstybirdgetsthirtywormsinthethirdtree.[θɜːd]Sentences发音技巧1.舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起，双唇向两旁伸开，成扁平形；2.在[3:]基础上往回收，嘴唇较松，非常轻松的发出这个音。[ə]

发音技巧[ə][ə]eraewinter['wɪn-tə] mother['mʌ-ðə]umbrella[ʌm-'bre-lə]doctor[dɔktə]cinema

['sɪ-nə-mə]

banana

[bə-'nɑː-nə]open['əʊ-pən]otoday[tə-'deɪ]tomato[təˈmɑːtəʊ]uautumn['ɔː-təm]upon[ə-'pɒn]orvisitor[‘vɪ-zɪ-tə]Peterlovesbutter.[ˈpiː-tə][ˈbʌ-tə]Peterlovesthelatterbutter.[ˈlæ-tə]TeacherPeterlovesthelatterbutter.[ˈtiː-tʃə]Sentences发音技巧1.舌后部抬高紧贴软腭形成阻碍，憋住气流，而后猛然解除，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破声。2.发音时声带不振动。[k]

发音技巧[k]luck

[lʌk]ache[eɪk][k]

c、kch、ckbook

[buk]

cake[keɪk]Kellyhasacat.[ˈke-li][kæt]Kellyhasacutecat.[kjuːt]KellyhasacutecatnamedKitty.[ˈkɪ-ti]Sentences发音技巧1.舌后部抬高紧贴软腭形成阻碍，憋住气流，而后猛然解除，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破声。2.发音时声带振动。[g]

发音技巧[g][g]

gggghgame[geɪm]

ghost[gəʊst]beggar[be-gə]

girl[gɜːl]

egg

[eɡ]

Getthebigbox.[ɡet][bɪɡ]Getthebigboxformydog.[dɒɡ]Getthebigboxformybigbigdog.Sentences发音技巧1.英语中最小的圆唇音2.不要太用力发出，嘴唇不要用力撅高[u:]

发音技巧[u:]

[u:]ooewueoepool[puːl]boot

[buːt]chew

[tʃuː]flew

[fluː]blue

[bluː]glue

[gluː]shoe[ʃuː]

u_erule

[ruːl]

June[dʒuːn]

Ichooseblue.[tʃu:z][blu:]Ichooseblueshoes. [ʃu:z]Ichooseblueshoestotaketoschool.[sku:l]

Sentences发音技巧1.小圆唇，开口比[u:]稍大2.嘴唇稍微翘起3.与[u:]是两个不同的音，不要把u发成[u:]的短音[ʊ]

发音技巧[ʊ]look[lʊk]hook[hʊk]put[pʊt]pull[pʊl][ʊ]oouTakealook. [lʊk]Takealookatthebook. [bʊk]Takeagoodlookatthecookbook. [gʊd] [kʊk]Sentences发音技巧咬唇音,发音时:1.上齿同下唇稍靠内侧的位置接触，气流通过唇齿间的缝隙摩擦发音。2.发音时声带不振动。[f]

发音技巧[f]单词后单词中单词前full

[ful]

leaf[li:f]

fist[fɪst]

breakfast

[ˈbrek-fəst]Sophie[ˈsɒ-fi]gragh[gra:f]

[f]Theleaf

falls. [li:f][fɔ:ls]Theleaf

fallsoffthetree. [ɒf]Thefallingleaf

fallsoffthefulltree. [fu:l]Sentences发音技巧咬唇音,发音时:1.上齿同下唇稍靠内侧的位置接触，气流通过唇齿间的缝隙摩擦发音。2.发音时声带振动。[v]

发音技巧[v][v]单词后单词中单词前visit['vɪ-zɪt]

dive

[daiv]

vroom[vru:m]

fever

[ˈfi:-və]

never[ˈne-və]leave

[li:v]

Fiveplussevenistwelve.[faiv] ['se-vən][twelv]Fiveplustwelveisseventeen. [̗se-vən-'ti:n]Sevenplusseventeenisnotseventyseven. ['se-vən-ti]Sentences发音技巧1.舌后缩，舌后部抬得比[ɔ]略高2.口形是中圆形，双唇收紧，并向前突出[ɔ:]

发音技巧[ɔ:]

[ɔ:]oralauoormore

[mɔː]call

[kɔːl]talk

[tɔːk]Paul

[pɔːl]door

[dɔː]floor

[flɔː]

awclaw

[klɔː]

dawn

[dɔːn]

horse[hɔːs]oarfraud

[frɔːd]roar

[rɔː]oar

[ɔː]Icandraw. [drɔ:]Icandrawahorse. ['hɔ:s]Icandrawahorsenearthedoor.[dɔ:]

Sentences发音技巧1.开口很大，是英语中上下开口最大的一个音2.双唇有绷紧感觉，略收圆双唇[ɒ]

发音技巧[ɒ]cock[kɒk]stop[stɒp]want[wɒnt]watch[wɒtʃ][ɒ]oaIwantthefox. [wɒnt] [fɒks]Iwantthefoxalot. [lɒt]Iwantthefoxintheboxalot. [bɒks]Sentences发音技巧清辅音,发音时:1.舌尖与下齿龈轻触，舌边和上臼齿紧密接触2.气流从舌叶和齿龈之间通过，摩擦成音3.发音时声带不振动。[s]

发音技巧[s][s]单词后单词中单词前sock

[sɒk]

kiss[kɪs]

speak[spi:k]

desk[desk] esteem[es-'ti:m]nice[nais]

Passmethecups.[pa:s] [kʌps]Passmethecupsandice-cream. ['ais-kri:m]Passmethecupsandice-creamonthedesk. [desk]Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖与下齿龈轻触，舌边源和上臼齿接触2.气流从舌叶和齿龈之间通过，摩擦成音。3.发音时声带振动。[z]

发音技巧[z][z]单词后单词中单词前zip[zɪp]

is

[ɪz]

zoo[zu:]

visit

[ˈvɪ-zɪt]

easy[ˈi:-zi]sneeze

[sni:z]

I'mabusybee. ['bi-zi] I'mabusyfuzzybee. ['fʌ-zi]I'mabusyfuzzybeeinthezoo.[zu:]Sentences发音技巧1.口开到最大，舌尖离开下齿龈，舌后部略抬起2.长元音：发音拖长3.后元音：它的发音部位靠后[ɑː]

发音技巧[z]

[ɑː]araauearfar[fa:]party

['pa:-ti]class

[kla:s]basket

['ba:s-kɪt]laugh

[la:f]aunt

[a:nt]heartbreak

[ha:t-breɪk]

heart

[ha:t]

Noparking.[pa:k]Noparkingonthefarm. [fa:m]NoparkingonMark'slargefarm. [ma:k][la:dʒ]Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，口形稍扁2.唇形放松，开口度比[a:]稍小[ʌ]

发音技巧[ʌ][ʌ]uooucut[kʌt]rubber['rʌ-bə]cousin['kʌzn]enough[ɪ'-nʌf]come[kʌm]money['mʌ-ni]Theduckisfunny. [dʌk][ˈfʌ-ni]Theduckisinthesun.[sʌn]Theduckinthesunisfunnywunny. [ˈwʌ-ni]Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖与上门牙的边缘轻微接触，仅仅伸出2-3毫米2.气流由舌齿间窄缝送出，形成摩擦音3.发音时声带不振动。[θ]

发音技巧[θ][θ]单词后单词中单词前thick

[θɪk]

bath[ba:θ]

thin

[θɪn]

south[sauθ]

nothing

['nʌ-θɪŋ]

healthy['hel-θi]33thirty

three['θɜː-ti][θri:]333threehundredandthirtythree33,333thirtythreethousand

threehundredandthirtythree['θau-zənd]Sentences发音技巧1.舌尖与上门牙的边缘轻微接触，仅仅伸出2-3毫米2.气流由舌齿间窄缝送出，形成摩擦音3.发音时声带振动。[ð]

发音技巧[ð][ð]单词后单词中单词前these

[ði:z]

with[wɪð]

that[ðæt]

mother

['mʌ-ðə]together[tə-'ge-ðə]smooth[smu:ð]

Thatismymother.[ðæt]['mʌðə]

Thosearemybrothers.[ðəʊz][brʌ-ðəz]Thatismymotherandthosearemybrothers.

Sentences发音技巧1.起点的位置与大体一致，然后滑向[i]音2.唇形由中性渐变为松驰扁唇[aɪ]

发音技巧[aɪ]

[aɪ]i_eieiymile

[maɪl]time

[taɪm]pie

[paɪ]lie

[laɪ]Friday

['fraɪ-deɪ]mind

[maɪnd]try

[traɪ]

why[waɪ]Ilikekite.[kaɪt]Iliketoflykite. [flaɪ]IliketoflykitehighinJuly. [haɪ][dʒʊ-laɪ]Sentences发音技巧1.起点的舌位在[ɔ]与[ɔ:]之间，然后向[i]滑动2.唇形由圆唇渐变为中性[ɔɪ]

发音技巧[ɔɪ]noise[nɔɪz]voice[vɔɪs]employ[ɪm-'plɔɪ]annoyed[ə'-nɔɪd][ɔɪ]oioyTheboygetsjoy. [bɔɪ][dʒɔɪ]Thenoisyboygetsalotofjoy.[ˈnɔɪ-zi]Thenoisyboygetsalotofjoyfromthetoys. [tɔɪz]Sentences发音技巧1.双唇稍向前突出2.舌尖与舌端抬向上齿龈，靠近上腭形成狭长的通道，气流由此通过3.发音时声带不振动[ʃ]

发音技巧[ʃ]sheep[ʃi:p]foolish['fu-lɪʃ]sure['ʃʊə]sugar['ʃʊ-gə][ʃ]shs

Sherrygoesshopping.['ʃe-ri]['ʃɒ-pɪŋ]

SherrygoesshoppingwithShawn.[ʃɔ:n]SherrygoesshoppingwithShawnthesheep. [ʃi:p]Sentences发音技巧1.双唇稍向前突出2.舌尖与舌端抬向上齿龈，靠近上腭形成狭长的通道，气流由此通过发音时声带振动[ʒ]

发音技巧[ʒ]ʒunusual

[ʌn-'ju:-Ʒuəl]television

[̗te-lɪ-'vɪ-Ʒən]pleasure['ple-Ʒə]decision

[̗dɪ-'sɪ-Ʒən]measure

['me-Ʒə]casual['kæ-Ʒuəl]Sheeatsbymeasure.['me-Ʒə]Sheusuallyeatsbymeasure.['ju:-Ʒuə-li]Sheusuallyeatsbymeasureatpleasure.

['ple-Ʒə]Sentences发音技巧1.先发[e]音，然后滑向[I]音2.起点e的开口要比单发e相同或略小一些3.前重后轻[eI]

发音技巧[eI]

ayaiaeyday[deɪ]play

[pleɪ]pain

[peɪn]brain[breɪn]race

[reɪs]place

[pleɪs]they

[ðeɪ]obey[əˈbeɪ]

[eI]Rainhatestheday.[reɪn][heɪts][deɪ]Rainhatestherainyday

[reɪ-ni]RainhatestherainydayinMay.[meɪ]Sentences发音技巧从[e]音滑向[ə]音，发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，[ə]音软轻[eə]

发音技巧[eə]care[keə]dare[deə]pear[peə][eə]areearpear

[peə]Theharestares.[heə][steəz]Theharestaresatthehair.[heə]TheharestaresatClare’sfairhair.[kleə][feə]Sentences发音技巧1.嘴巴半开,上下齿张开,舌头平放,向外呵气2.发音时声带不振动.[h]

发音技巧[h][h]单词中单词前hair[heə] ahead[ə-ˈhed]hear[hɪə]

Henryhasahat.[ˈhen-ri][həz][hæt]Henryhasahardhat.[hɑːd]HeavyHenryhasahardhat.[ˈhe-vi]Sentences发音技巧1.软腭上升，封住鼻腔2.舌身后缩，舌尖抬高，接近但不接触上齿龈后部3.舌的后边缘接触上臼齿，舌尖微卷，舌中部下陷4.气流沿舌中心线送出，不产生摩擦[r]

发音技巧[r][r]单词中单词前recall[rɪˈ-kɔːl]break[breɪk]receive[rɪˈ-siːv] pretty[ˈprɪ-ti]

Raiseyourhand.[reɪz]Mr.Rat,raiseyourhand.[ræt]Mr.Rat,Mr.Rat,raiseyourhand.Sentences发音技巧1.从[I]音滑向[ə]音，前面的[I]发得较清楚，后面的[ə]较弱2.唇形由扁变为稍开[Iə]

发音技巧[Iə]

eareerereeadear[dɪə]near[nɪə]beer

[bɪə]cheer[tʃɪə]cere

[hɪə]here

[fɪə]idea

[aɪ-ˈdɪə]

[Iə]theater[ˈθɪə-tə]

Cherryhasabadear.[ɪə]PoorCherrycan’thearclear.[hɪə][klɪə]PoorCherryhasabadearandcan’thearclear.Sentences发音技巧1.从起点[u]，迅速向[ə]的方向滑动。2.切忌将起点发作[u:][uə]

发音技巧[uə]poor[puə]moor[muə]tour[tʊə]tourist[ˈtʊə-rɪ-st][uə]oorourCherryisonatour.[tuə]Cherryisonapoortour.[puə]PoorCherryisonapoortour.Sentences发音技巧1.将嘴唇稍撅起2.舌尖与舌端抬向上齿龈，气流从舌齿间的缝隙冲出3.发音时声带不振动。[tʃ]

发音技巧[tʃ][tʃ]单词前chair[tʃeə]church[tʃɜ:tʃ]

Chill[tʃɪl]

watch

[wɔtʃ]

kitchen['kɪ-tʃən] 单词后单词中Thechipischeap.[tʃɪp][tʃiːp]Thechipischerry’s.[ˈtʃe-ri]Cherry’schipischeap.Sentences发音技巧1.将嘴唇稍撅起2.舌尖与舌端抬向上齿龈，气流从舌齿间的缝隙冲出3.发音时声带振动。[dʒ]

发音技巧[dʒ][dʒ]dgegejjump

[dʒʌmp]bridge

[brɪdʒ]

jeep[dʒi:p]

judge

[dʒʌdʒ]

George[dʒɔ:dʒ] college

['kɒ-lɪdʒ]

gsuggest

[sə'-dʒest]

gesture

['dʒes-tʃə]

Jump.[dʒʌmp]Jump,jump,jump.Jump,jump,justjumpjump.[dʒʌst]Sentences发音技巧1.从[ə]向[u]滑动，发音前重点轻2.唇形由中性渐变为圆唇[əʊ]

发音技巧[əʊ]

[əʊ]owoaoeogrow[grəu]snow

[snəu]goat

[gəut]toe

[təu]woe

[wəu]stone

[stəun]

smoke[sməuk]

boat

[bəut]Rosegoesboating![rəʊz][ɡəʊz]['bəʊ-tɪŋ]RosegoesboatingwithZoe!['zəʊi]RosegoesboatingwithZoeinRome![rəʊm]Sentences发音技巧起点舌位比[a:]更前，然后音滑向[u]音唇形由中性开口渐变为松驰圆形。[aʊ]

发音技巧[aʊ]

[aʊ]ouowdown[daun]brown

[braun]shout

[ʃaut]around

[ə'-raund]Themouseshouts! [maʊs][ʃaʊts]Themouseshoutsloudly.[laʊd-lɪ]Themouseshoutsloudlyinthehouse! [haʊs]Sentences发音技巧舌身与发[r]音时相似,舌尖贴齿龈后部气流冲破阻碍发出短促的[t]后立即发[r]发音时声带不振动.[tr]

发音技巧[tr][tr]tree[tri:]trick[trik]trip[trɪp]try[traɪ]trap[træp]

Itry.[traɪ]Itrytohaveatravel.[ˈtræ-v(ə)l]Itrytohaveatrucktravel.[trʌk] Sentences发音技巧舌身与发[r]音时相似,舌尖贴齿龈后部气流冲破阻碍发出短促的[t]后立即发[r]发音时声带振动.[dr]

发音技巧[dr][dr]dream[dri:m]dress[dres]drive[draiv]dry

[drai]draw[drɔ:]

Dreamdreamdream.[driːm]Thedriverisdreaming.['draɪ-və(r)][driː-mɪŋ]Thedriverinayellowdressisdreaming. [dres]Sentences发音技巧1.唇形收到闭圆形，舌尖接触下门齿背2.舌后部向软腭抬起至后元音u:的高度3.声带振动[w]

发音技巧[w]

[w]whwwest[west]winter

['win-tə]while

[waɪl]whether

['we-ðə(r)]Iwanttowishawish![wɒnt][wɪʃ]Winniewantstowishawish!['wi-ni:]Winniewantstowishawonderfulwish! ['wʌn-də(r)-f(ə)l]Sentences发音技巧口略开，唇形放松，舌尖接触下门齿背舌前部向上腭抬起，接触硬腭并向前使力声带振动[j]

发音技巧[j]

[j]uyyes

[jes]year

[jiə]use

[ju:z]unique[juː-'niːk]Heusedtoplayyo-yo! [ju:z]['jəʊ-jəʊ]Heusedtoplayyo-yointheyard.[jɑː(r)d]Heusedtoplayyo-yointheyardinuniversity. [̗ju:-ni'-və-si-ti]Sentences发音技巧舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流然后略为下降，气流送出口腔发音时声带不振动。[ts]

发音技巧[ts][ts]sits[sits]cats[kæts]hats[hæts]eats[i:ts]

Thecatswearnicely.[kæts]Thecatswearnicecoats.[kəʊts]Thecatswearnicecoatsandhats.[hæts]Sentences发音技巧舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流然后略为下降，气流送出口腔发音时声带振动。[dz]

发音技巧[dz][dz]beds[bedz]hands[hædz]spends[spendz]Birds[bɜ:dz]Lookatthebirds.[bɜ:dz]Thebirdsareshakingtheirhands.[hændz]Thebirdsareshakingtheirhandsinthebeds. [bedz]Sentences发音技巧1.双唇闭拢,软腭下垂2.让气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动3.发音完毕,双唇仍保持紧闭状态.[m]

发音技巧[m][m]单词后单词中单词前medal

['me-dəl]

problem['prɒ-bləm]

math

[mæθ]

bottom['bɒ-təm]

crime[kraɪm] command

[kə'-mɑːnd]

Maryhasmanylambs.['mɛə-ri]['me-ni][læm]Maryhasmanymagicallambs. ['mæ-dʒɪ-k(ə)l]MagicMaryhasmanymagicallambs. Sentences发音技巧1.口略开，软腭下垂,气流从鼻腔送出2.唇形自然放松，封闭口腔气道3.用手触碰鼻子明显感到鼻腔振动[n