2026年九年级中考英语二轮复习专题五 介词和介词短语课件

介词和介词短语专题五目录专题要点明晰考点分类讲练专题语篇精练介词是一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句中其他成分的关系的虚词。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(若是人称代词,则要用宾格)。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。类别意义举例按构成简单介词由一个词构成for,near,after...合成介词由两个词合成inside,outside,onto...双重介词两个简单介词连用frombehind,untilafter...类别意义举例按构成介词短语以短语形式呈现,意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词insteadof,infrontof,thanksto,accordingto...v.-ing形式介词以ing结尾的介词including,considering,regarding...按意义时间介词表示时间at,on,in...方位介词表示地点、方位over,behind,between...方式介词表示运用方式by,with...其他介词其他常见介词about,like,as...课标要求需掌握介词及其相关用法。中考高频考点:时间介词、方位介词以及介词的固定搭配、介词短语辨析等。考点1

方位介词1.表示“在某处”:on,in与at单词用法示例on表示在某个物体的表面上onthefloor在地板上onthedesk在书桌上单词用法示例in表示在某个范围内或在某个大地方inthewater在水里inChina在中国at表示在某个点或在某个小地方atschool在学校atthebusstop在公交车站单词用法例句on两个物体表面接触,一个在另外一个的上面Thereisabookonthedesk.桌子上有本书。above位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,两者不接触,反义词为belowTheplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.飞机在云层上飞行。over位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,两者不接触,反义词为underThereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座桥。2.表示“在……上”:on,above与over3.表示“在……前”:infrontof与inthefrontof短语用法例句infrontof指范围外的前面,近义词为before,反义词为behindThereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.房前有一棵树。(外)inthefrontof指范围内的前面,反义词组为atthebackofIsitinthefrontoftheclass.我坐在教室的前面。(内)4.表示“在……中”:between与among单词用法例句between通常指在两者之间LucysitsbetweenAmyandTom.露西坐在艾米和汤姆中间。among指三者或三者以上Whojumpedhighestamongthesestudents?在这些学生中谁跳得最高?

5.表示空间:across,through,over与past单词用法示例across指从表面穿过goacrossthestreet过马路through指从内部穿过gothroughtheforest穿过森林over指从上方越过flyoverthemountains飞过山峰past指从旁边经过walkpasttheclassroom经过教室6.表示“靠近”:beside,near与nextto单词/短语用法例句beside表示在……旁边,近义词为byThehotelisbeside/bytheriver.那家旅馆在河边。near表示在……附近Myhomeisneartheschool.我的家在学校附近。nextto表示紧靠……;紧挨着……Thesupermarketisnexttothepostoffice.超市紧挨着邮局。▶

考点专练1.(2024白银、平凉、武威)ThebirdinPicture

isbetweentheboxes.用适当的方位介词或方位介词短语填空2.(2024南通)Trytohide

astrongtableorinacorneroftheroomtoprotectyourselfinanearthquake.3.Look!Thetrafficlightisgreen.Wecango

theroadnow.underacross4.Lindaalwayssits

theclassroominordertoseetheblackboardclearly.5.HongKongis

thesouthofChina.It’soneofthebusiestcitiesintheworld.6.Turnright

thehotelandyoucanseetheshoppingcenter

yourright.inthefrontofinaton

考点2

时间介词1.in,on与at单词用法示例in用于表示在某年、某月、某季节、某个世纪或一天中的某个时段(上午、下午、晚上)in1949inJanuaryinsummerinthe20thcenturyinthemorningin+时间段表示在……之后,通常用于一般将来时中intwodays单词用法示例on用于表示具体某一天(星期几、日期或节假日)或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上onMondayonJune1stonChildren’sDayonSundayafternoonat表示具体时间点atseveno’clock(7:00)athalfpastfive(5:30)用在固定短语中atnoon,atnightatlunchtimeatthesametimeattheageof20atChristmas2.before与after单词用法示例beforebefore+时间点,表示在……之前,不包括其后的时间,后接时间点、时间状语从句或n./v.-ingbefore10十点前beforedinner晚饭前after表示在……之后,后接时间点、时间状语从句或n./v.-ingIwillleaveaftermymomcomesback.我妈妈回来后我就离开。(主将从现)3.for与since单词用法例句for表示持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,后跟一段时间,谓语动词为延续性动词WewillstayinBeijingfortwomonths.

我们将在北京待两个月。since表示从过去某时一直延续至今,常与现在完成时态连用,后跟过去的某个时间点We’velivedheresince2006.从2006年开始,我们便住在这里。4.by与until单词用法例句by不迟于;在……之前Canyoufinishyourhomeworkbyseveno’clock?你七点前能完成作业吗?until用于否定句中,not...until表示直到……才,其谓语动词常用非延续性动词Thebookstoredoesn’tcloseuntil10p.m.书店直到晚上十点才关门。用于肯定句中,表示直到……为止,谓语动词常用延续性动词Let’swaituntiltherainstops.我们等雨停吧。▶

考点专练1.(2024河北)Hurryup,Nancy!Themeetingwillstart

tenminutes.A.by B.in C.for D.to2.Canyoucomeandmeetme

Friday?I’llbeawayearlyonFridaymorning.A.before B.in C.on D.at3.Thefisherman

atthebankoftheriver

7o’clock.A.hasbeen;for B.hascome;after C.hasbeen;since D.hascome;since4.—Whyareyousocrazyaboutwatchingbasketballmatches?—Theyareexcitingandsometimesyouwon’tknowtheresult

thematchends.A.when B.after C.until D.assoonas5.—HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?—

sixyears.A.In B.For C.At D.From考点3

方式介词单词用法示例by后接名词或动词的-ing形式,表示凭借某种工具或手段bybike骑自行车bylisteningtoEnglishsongs通过听英文歌曲(的方式)inin+语言/材料/方式/限定词+交通工具inEnglish用英语writeinink用墨水书写speakinalowvoice小声说话inhiscar在他的车里单词用法示例onon+通信工具/电子产品/限定词+交通工具onTV通过电视onabus在公交车上withwith+具体工具/身体部分withaknife用小刀withourhands用我们的手▶

考点专练1.(2024自贡改编)Wecangotoschool

biketomakeourcitygreener.A.by B.on C.in D.with2.Mymotheroftentellsmeit’simpolitetohitanemptybowl

chopsticks.A.in B.on C.with D.at3.Thisstoryis

simpleEnglish.Mylittlesistercanreadit.A.for B.in C.with D.on4.Youcanbuyalmosteverything

theInternet,andit’sveryeasy.A.for B.in C.on D.at考点4

其他常考介词用法总结单词含义/用法示例with具有;带有abighousewithagarden一座带花园的大房子和……一起livewithmyparents和我的父母住在一起随着;由于(表伴随)withthedevelopmentofsociety随着社会的发展without没有;缺乏withoutdoubt毫无疑问about关于;对于aboutChinesehistory关于中国历史单词含义/用法示例like相似;类似;像He’sverylikehisfather.他很像他的父亲。例如;譬如likesurfing例如冲浪像……一样likethewind像风一样as作为;以……身份asastudent作为一名学生except除……之外(其余都)TheparkisopeneverydayexceptSundays.公园除了星期天之外每天都开放。besides除……之外(还有)WhatlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesChineseandEnglish?除了汉语和英语之外你还懂什么语言?along沿着goalongthestreet沿着这条街走单词含义/用法示例to表移动到目的地flytoShanghai飞去上海from表示开始的时间或地点fromMonday从周一开始frommyhome从我家against反对;违背,其反义词组为beforbefororagainstit赞成或反对它倚靠;碰;撞Therainbeatagainstthewindow.雨敲打着窗户。▶

考点专练用适当的介词填空1.(2024呼和浩特改编)Lixia,ortheStartofSummer,isatimewhenthetemperatureincreasesquickly

heavierrainfall.2.(2024遂宁)Lastweekend,allofuswentforapicnic

Tombecausehewasill.3.I’mcrazyaboutthefolkstories

Yu

Gong

Moves

the

MountainsandHou

Yi

Shoots

the

Suns.withexceptlike4.Heleft

sayingaword.5.Don’tbeafraidofdifficulties.Remember:kitesrisehighest

thewind,notwithit.withoutagainst考点5

常用的介词短语1.at短语atbirth出生时

atfirst起初atatime一次;每次 atlast最后;终于atleast至少;起码 atonce立刻;马上atpresent现在;目前 atthemoment此刻;目前2.on短语onbusiness出差 onduty值日;值班onfire着火;失火 onfoot步行;徒步onthefarm在农场 ontime按时;准时onsale廉价出售;减价

onholiday/vacation在度假onthewayto在去……的路上3.in短语indanger处在危险中

intheend最后intheway妨碍;挡道

inall总共;总计incase假使;以防万一

incommon共有;共同inpublic公开地

infact事实上ingeneral通常

inneed在危难中;急需inperson亲身;亲自

inthefuture将来insilence安静地;沉默地

intime及时4.of短语insteadof代替;而不是

becauseof由于thinkof想起

befullof充满beproudof为……自豪

beafraidof害怕5.by短语byoneself独自地;单独

byaccident/chance偶然;意外地bymistake错误地;无意中

bythetime到……的时候bytheway顺便说一下;顺便问一下6.to短语listento听 accordingto根据thanksto多亏;由于 besimilarto与……相似7.其他类asaresult结果 forexample例如(举例)suchas例如(列举) asusual像往常一样▶

考点专练1.(2024福建改编)—MayItakeyourorder,Mr.Chen?—I’dlikeacupofcoffeeandacake

.A.bymistake B.attimesC.asusual D.byaccident2.(2024扬州)Youcan’teatanelephantallatonce,eatitonebite

.A.ontime B.atatimeC.allthetime D.atthesametime3.(2024雅安)—Shenzhou-18wassuccessfullylaunched(发射)intothespaceonApril25th,2024.—WeChinese

it.A.runoutof B.takecareofC.areafraidof D.areproudof4.Duringthenightshift,thenurseis

andresponsibleforattendingtoallthepatients’needs.A.ontime B.onpurpose C.onduty D.onholiday5.

thehardworkofallthestudents,theschoolplaywasagreatsuccess.A.Accordingto B.NexttoC.Thanksto D.Asto6.(2024天津)许多明信片正在商店里出售。Manypostcardsare

attheshop.7.(2024重庆A卷)他更喜欢走路上学,因为那是好的锻炼方式。Hepreferstogotoschool

becauseit’sgoodexercise.onsaleonfoot8.昨天这个时候他正默不作声地往家走。Hewaswalkingtowardshishouse

atthistimeyesterday.9.当我们处境危险时,应该向警察求助。Whenweare

,weshouldaskthepoliceforhelp.10.你应该自己完成这项作业。Youshouldfinishthehomework

.insilenceindangerbyyourself完形填空DearHelenKeller,MynameisAmeliaGrant.Ilive

1

asmallcity.There,myfatherhasanoilfactory.

2

theageofeight,somethingterriblehappenedwhileIwasplaying

3

anoilwell.Itmademelosemostofmyhearing.Alothaschangedforme

4

then.Foronething,Icannothearmusic

5

before.Iusedtolovelisteningtomymothersingsongs.WhenIfirstlostmyhearing,IwassadthatIcouldneverhearmymothersingagain.ButnowIputmyeartoherchesttofeelthevibrations(震动)ofhervoice.Now,Ifeelmusic

6

hearingit.Also,Ihavetogotoadifferentschoolinanothercity—TexasSchoolfortheDeaf.Itisover300kilometersaway

7

myhometown.Theteacherstherearekind,butIcanonlyseemyparentsduringholiday