2026年九年级中考英语二轮复习专题一 名词课件

名词专题一目录专题要点明晰考点分类讲练专题语篇精练名词表示人或事物的名称。类别意义例词专有名词特定的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,首字母一般要大写Mike,China,Sunday,Christmas等普通名词个体名词(可数)表示个体的人或事物woman,apple,song,window等类别意义例词普通名词集体名词(多为可数)表示一群人或一些事物police,class,family,team等物质名词(不可数)表示无法分为个体的物质或材料water,sugar,glass,rice,beef等抽象名词(不可数)表示状态、品质、行为、情感等抽象概念fun,interest,love,health,sadness等课标要求掌握四个方面的内容:可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词以及名词所有格。中考高频考点:可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、名词所有格以及名词词义辨析等。考点1

名词的数名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。一、可数名词1.可数名词是可以用具体数字来计量的名词,它有单数和复数两种形式。其单复数要与句子结构保持一致。2.表示单一概念时要用

形式,一般要与不定冠词

或

,或定冠词

连用。

3.表示两个或两个以上的概念时要用

形式。名词从单数形式变为复数形式,有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况:单数aanthe复数类型构词方法例词一般情况加-sbook→bookspet→petsboy→boysbed→beds以s,x,ch,sh等结尾加-esclass→classesbox→boxeswatch→watchesdish→dishes以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i,再加-esfamily→__________

party→parties以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v,再加-es

→knivesleaf→_________

familiesknifeleaves(1)规则变化类型构词方法例词以辅音字母加o结尾表示有生命的名词,在词尾加-es(小口诀:英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆)hero→___________

→potatoestomato→________

表示无生命的名词,在词尾加-sphoto→____________

piano→pianos以元音字母加o结尾加-szoo→zoosradio→radiosbamboo→bamboosheroespotatotomatoesphotos(2)不规则变化常见不规则变化的名词child→

mouse→

man→________

woman→

tooth→

foot→___________

单复数同形的名词鹿→

绵羊→

_________

只有复数形式,无单数形式的名词衣服→

裤子→

眼镜→_________

表示某国人的名词单复数同形(中日不变)中国人→

日本人→_________

childrenmicemenwomenteethfeetdeersheepclothestrousers/pantsglassesChineseJapanese表示某国人的名词变-man/-woman为-men/-women(英法变)anEnglishman→ten____________

aFrenchwoman→six________________词尾加-s(其余s加后面)anAmerican→two_________

aGerman→three_________

EnglishmenFrenchwomenAmericansGermans二、不可数名词1.不可数名词不能用数来计算,没有词形变化。单个不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用

形式。

Thecoffee

toohottodrink.单数is2.不可数名词前面不能加a/an或基数词,但可以用其他词来修饰。常见不可数名词的修饰词有:some一些much许多alittle一点儿little几乎没有abitof一点儿toomuch太多agreat/gooddealof很多alargeamountof大量的一些面包________________

许多钱________________

somebreadmuchmoney3.当不可数名词需要计量时,要用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示,量词可以是单数,也可以是复数,谓语动词要与量词在数上保持一致。一张纸apieceofpaper一杯水aglassofwater两袋大米________________________

Apairofshoes

(be)enoughforme.istwobagsofrice4.常见的不可数名词有:音乐→

新闻→

建议→__________

天气→

信息→

冰→__________

交通→

空气→

水→__________

果汁→

健康→

沙子→__________

musicnewsadviceweatherinformationicetrafficairwaterjuicehealthsand三、常见既可数又不可数名词名词可数不可数名词可数不可数orange橙子橙汁room房间空间chicken小鸡鸡肉time次数;倍数时间paper试卷;报纸纸life生命生活experience经历经验work作品工作glass玻璃杯;眼镜玻璃light电灯光exercise练习锻炼fish鱼鱼肉▶

考点专练1.(2024雅安)YuanLongpingisoneofournational

(英雄).Weadmirehimverymuch.2.(2024扬州)Everyyear,Yangzhouoffersamagicalandspecialexperienceforits

(tour).3.InsomeWesterncountries,peopleusuallyhavemealswith________(knife)andforks.4.Itakenotesveryslowlyinclass.Couldyoupleasegivemesome__________(suggestion)?heroestouristsknivessuggestions5.Myparentsareboth

(postman)andworkinthepostoffice10kilometersawayfrommyhome.6.Peopleinmanyforeigncountrieshave

(party)onChineseNewYear’sEvenow.Itmeansthegrowing

(interest)inChineseculturearoundtheworld.7.MissLiiskindandpatient.Sheoftenexplainsthedifficultpointsseveral

(time)untilweunderstand.8.EachcoupleinChinacanhavetwo

(child)fromJanuary1st,2016.postmenpartiesinteresttimeschildren9.—Betty,you’dbetterfollowthedoctor’sadviceanddomore___________

(exercise).—Iwill.Thankyou.10.—Weneedsomevolunteerstohelptheoldpeopleinourneighborhood.—CanIhaveatry?Ihaverich

(experience)incaringfortheold.11.—What’sinthecupboard?—Afew

(apple),butlittle

(coffee).12.Mr.Smithalwayshassome

(piece)ofnewstotell.exerciseexperienceapplescoffeepieces

考点2

名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有三种形式:’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。类型用法示例’s所有格常用于有生命的名词一般有生命的单数名词在词尾加’smysister’sbook我妹妹的书以s结尾的单数名词或人名在词尾加’s或’James’s/James’picture詹姆斯的照片theprincess’s/princess’dress公主的裙子类型用法示例’s所有格常用于有生命的名词以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’

Day教师节不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s

Day儿童节某物为两者共有,只在后一个名词词尾加’s;某物为两者分别拥有,两个名词词尾都要加’s

fatherisadoctor.汤姆和杰克的爸爸是位医生。(共有)Both_____________________

fathersaredoctors.汤姆和杰克的爸爸都是医生。(不共有)Teachers’Children’sTomandJack’sTom’sandJack’s类型用法示例’s所有格常用于有生命的名词在表示职业称谓、人名的词尾加’s表示处所atthedoctor’s在诊所atmyuncle’s在我叔叔家用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量、国家、世界、城市等的名词后five

ride五个小时的车程the

population世界人口

traffic伦敦的交通of所有格常用于无生命的名词,通常用“of+名词”构成所有格thedooroftheroom房间的门legsofthedesk桌腿hours’world’sLondon’s类型用法示例双重所有格of+名词所有格aphotoof

鲍勃的一张照片(照片本人不一定是鲍勃,但所有者是鲍勃)of+名词性物主代词afriendofmine________________Bob’s我的一个朋友▶

考点专练1.(2024黑龙江龙东地区)Itisreportedthat30

(minute)walkeverydayishealthyenough.2.(2023苏州改编)Weofferedtohelplookafterour

(neighbor)dogwhenshewasaway.3.These

(fisherman)homesarenolongerintheboatsbecauseofthegovernment’snofishinglawonYangtzeRiver.4.Myparentsalwaystellmenottotrusta

(strange)wordseasily.minutes’neighbor’sfishermen’sstranger’s5.Mr.Blackisateacherofmy

(sister).Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch.6.Iamgoingonholidayonthe12th.Ihavetobebackatworkonthe26th.SoI’vegottwo

(week)holiday.7.Iamlookingforafriendof

(I)wholivesinthisneighborhood.8.Thisis

(Mike)and

(John)desk.Thatoneisours.sister’sweeks’mineMikeJohn’s考点3

名词词义辨析在近几年的中考试题中,名词词义辨析的考查点主要集中在语篇环境下的完形填空中。根据句意及上下文推测出题空处想要表达的意思是做题的关键。以下是从语篇中截取的经典题目及24年有单选地区的中考题,请同学们结合前后句意,推选出正确答案。▶

考点专练1.(2024安徽)—Artservesasa

betweendifferentnations.—Yes.Itreallyhelpscross-culturalcommunication.A.river B.wall C.palace D.bridge2.(2024白银、武威、平凉)Lindaisafraidofthedark.Sheevenleavesthe

onwhilesleeping.A.screen B.radio C.fan D.light3.(2024天津)Don’tspeakloudlyonthebus.Youshouldkeepyour

down.A.body B.voice C.interest D.service4.(2024滨州)—OnApril25th,2024,China’sShenzhou-18spacecraft(宇宙飞船)flewtospacesuccessfully.—Wow,China’sspacetechnologyhasreachedanew

.A.method B.energy C.height D.industry5.(2024重庆B卷完形节选)Humorispartofhumannature.Everyonehastheabilitytoenjoy

andlaughter,nomatterwhotheyareorwheretheycomefrom.A.movies B.books C.sports D.jokes6.Takea

whenyoutraveltoanotherplace,thenyoucangettotheplacewhereyouwanttogomoreeasilyandwon’tbeafraidofgettinglost.A.light B.notice C.map D.book考点4

名词作定语名词作定语修饰名词时,一般有以下四种情况:1.一般用单数形式。如果变复数,只把被修饰的词(中心词)变为复数。anappletree→

一棵苹果树→十棵苹果树

2.当修饰词为man或woman时,man或woman与被修饰词的单复数要一致。amandoctor→

男医生

3.sport/clothes作定语时,一般用其复数形式。a

club一个运动俱乐部

a

store一家服装店

tenappletreesmendoctorssportsclothes4.基数词-名词(-形容词)构成的复合形容词作定语时,复合形容词中的名词用单数。a

boy一个4岁的男孩

4-year-old▶

考点专练1.Thereisgoingtobeabasketballmatchbetween

(man)teachersand

(boy)studentstomorrowmorning.2.在中国的南方有很多香蕉树。(完成译句)

________________________________________-__

menboyTherearemanybananatreesinthesouthofChina.一、完形填空Amydidnothaveanyfriendsandfeltsad.Allthegirlsinher

1

werepairedupwithabestfriendoringroups,andshealwaysfeltleftout.Shewantedtoplayontheseesaw(跷跷板),butthatissomethingyouneedtodowithafriend.Also,shelikedtoswing(荡秋千)andwishedsomeonewouldpushhertogetherstarted.Oneday,the

2

,Mrs.Gibbs,walkedupandputherarmaroundAmy.“What’sthe

3

,Amy?Whydon’tyouplaywithotherchildren?”sheaskedkindly.

Amyreplied,“Everyonehasa

4

exceptme.Idon’thaveanyone.”Mrs.Gibbssmiledandsaid,“Amy,the

5

togetafriendistobeafriend.”Amyasked,“HowdoIdothat?”

Mrs.Gibbsanswered,“Lookaroundthe

6

.Therearethreeclassesofthird-gradersoutthereduringthisbreaktime.Findsomeonewhoisaloneandthengotoaskherorhimtoplay.”Amywasafraidshewouldberefused.Shewasn’tsurewhethershecoulddoit.

Thenextday,Amynoticedadark-hairedgirlallaloneontheplayground.Sheworkedupher

7

andwalkedtothegirl.“Hi!MynameisAmy.Doyouwanttoplaywithme?”

“Okay,”thegirlsaidshyly.Astheytook

8

inpushingeachotherontheswing,Amyfoundoutthatthegirl’snamewasMing.Her

9

hadjustmovedherefromJapanandshealsoneededafriend.

“Doyouwanttoplayonthe

10

?”Amyasked.Mingsmiledandnodded.Pairedupwitheachother,theyplayedsohappily.

Amyfinallyhadafriend!1.A.house B.office C.class D.hospital2.A.doctor B.nurse C.cook D.teacher3.A.matter B.price C.weather D.thing4.A.friend B.classmate C.sister D.parent5.A.plan B.way C.lesson D.reason6.A.library B.canteen C.classroom D.playground7.A.interest B.skill C.courage D.attention8.A.notes B.turns C.orders D.showers9.A.school B.group C.house D.family10.A.seesaw B.chair C.swing D.bike二、语法填空(阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的名词或括号内名词的正确形式。)Afatherwasw