水利英语 课件 U1 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Unit1

IrrigationandDrainageEngineering1.understandthefundamentalfunctionsofirrigationanddrainageengineering;2.understandthebasictaskofirrigationanddrainageengineering;3.knowabouttheknowledgerequirementsofirrigationanddrainageengineers;4.learnabouttheRedFlagCanalandotherfamousirrigationsystems.Afterlearningthisunit,youshould:

PartⅠLead-in

PartⅡProfessionZoomIn

PartⅢCareerZoomIn

PartⅣReal-LifePracticeTask1Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions.PartⅠ

Lead-in

1.Whatistherelationshipbetweenirrigationengineeringanddrainageengineering?

2.Whataretheimpactsofglobalwarming?

3.Listsomeknowledgethatanirrigationanddrainageengineershouldknow.Task

2Listentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.PartⅠ

Lead-in(A=lecturer;B=student)A:Doyouknowwhatirrigationengineeringismainlyabout?Irrigationengineeringismainlyaboutthe(1)_______supplyofwatertothesoilattherighttimetomeettheneedsofplants.Good.Doyouknowwhatdrainageengineeringdealswith?Drainageengineeringmainlydealswithremoving(2)_______orsaltsfromthesoiltomaintainanoptimalplantgrowthenvironment.Whatdidirrigationdevelopinthelast100years?Irrigation(3)__________dramaticallyinthelastcentury.Whendidscientistsrealizethedrasticconsequencesofthelossof(4)__________?Inthe1970s.Whatdoyouthinkisthefutureofthe(5)_________oftheirrigationanddrainageengineers?Ithinktheymayhavemorejobopportunitiesinthefuture.B:optimalB:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:waterexpandedwetlandsirrigationProfessionZoomInReading

AgriculturalfoodproductionandwaterdemandarecriticaltothesurvivalofagrowingpopulationinChina.Practicingengineersareexpectedtodevelopsustainablefoodproductionsystemswithlimitedwaterresourcesandlimittheenvironmentalimpactsofthosesystems.Inthisway,wecanmeettheneedsofthegrowingpopulation.Agriculturalengineerswithproblem-solvingandwatermanagementexpertisewillplayanimportantroleinthecomingdecades.

Irrigationengineeringdealswiththeanalysisanddesignofsystemsthatoptimallysupplytherightamountofwatertothesoilattherighttimetomeettheneedsoftheplantsystem.Theenterprisemaybegrowingplantsforfood,landscapeirrigation,orotherpurposes.Subsurfacedrainageengineeringistheanalysisanddesignofsystemsthatremovewaterorsaltsfromthesoiltomaintainasclosetoanoptimalplantgrowthenvironmentaspossible.译文返回原文灌溉与排⽔⼯程农业粮食生产和供水需求对中国人口增加至关重要。技术人员应在水资源有限的条件下，找到可持续的粮食生产之道，并且还要控制粮食生产对环境的影响。唯有如此，才能满足人口日益增长的需要。在未来几十年里，能够解决实际问题并具有管理专业技能的农业工程人员将发挥重要的作用。灌溉工程的任务是为土壤提供适时、适量的灌溉，最合理地满足农作物的需要。农业部门的种植作业，有可能是为了生产粮食，也有可能是为了养护园林或其他目的。地下排水工程的任务，是把水或盐分从土壤中排走，以维持农作物最合理的生长环境。Reading

Irrigationexpandeddramaticallyinthelastcentury.Astheworld’spopulationincreased,improvedfoodproductionmethodswereneededtopreventmassstarvation.Alongwithimprovedplantvarietiesandfertilization,irrigationwasoneofthesethreereasonsforadramaticincreaseinworldfoodproduction.Seventypercentoftheworld’sfoodisnowproducedbyirrigatedagriculture.Fedbynewdamsandirrigationdistricts,irrigatedfarmswereabletosupplythecountrywithadequatefood.ArecentsurveybytheInternationalCommitteeonIrrigationandDrainagefoundthattherearealmost300millionhectares(公顷)ofirrigatedacreageintheworld.

Ontheotherside,subsurfacedrainagehasbeenusedextensivelytodrainwetlandsandbuildfarms.Inthepast,“swamps”or“badlands”wereconsidereduseless.Forexample,theU.S.governmentdrainedwetlands,builtleveesalongrivers,andencouragedthedrainageof“swamps”toconvertlandtofarmswiththreeSwampActs.Inthe1970s,scientistsrealizedthatthelossofwetlandshaddrasticconsequencesfortheenvironment.Now,theU.S.governmenthasreversedcourse.InChina,apilotprogramofconversionofcroplandtoforestprogramwaskickedoffin1999inSichuan,Shaanxi,andGansuprovinces,whichwasthestartingpointofthegreatestprojectofreplacingcropswithforestsandgrassesintheworld.译文返回原文在过去的一百年里，灌溉得到了大幅度的发展。随着世界人口增加，农业生产方法需要改良，才能避免大规模饥荒。灌溉技术、农作物品种增加和施肥，是全世界粮食生产得以大幅提升的三个原因。如今，世界上百分之七十的粮食生产来自灌溉农业。得益于新建水坝和新增灌溉面积，农业才能够为国家提供足够的粮食。一项国际灌溉与排水委员会的近期研究发现，全世界灌溉农田面积已接近3亿公顷。另一方面，排水也广泛应用于把湿地改造为农田之中。在过去，人们认为沼泽和荒地是没用的。美国政府就曾鼓励在湿地排水，建造河道堤坝，通过三个《湿地法案》来鼓励在沼泽排水造田。直到上世纪七十年代，科学家才发现了湿地减少对环境造成的巨大恶果。现在美国政府已采取了反向措施。1999年，中国在四川、陕西、甘肃启动了退耕还林试点，从而揭开了世界上最大规模的退耕还林还草工程。Reading

Designofirrigationandsubsurfacedrainagesystemsinvolvestheapplicationofengineering,biology,andsoilscience.Asidefromtheknowledgeofhydraulicsandotherengineeringconcepts,irrigationanddrainageengineersrequireanunderstandingofthesoilandwaterenvironment,soil-water-plantrelationships,andhydrology.Thefeasibilityofirrigationandsubsurfacedrainagesystemsmustalsobeexaminedfromthesocialpointofview.Thisisparticularlytrueindevelopingcountrieswhereirrigationanddrainageprojectsareundertakentochangethelivelihoodofthelocalcommunitiesandtheregionatlarge.

InChina,today’sengineersandwatermanagersmustpaycarefulattentiontotheirsoils,crops,andirrigationtechnologiesinordertomaximizeproduction.Knowledgeofsoils,cropwaterdemand,andwaterstress,irrigationdesignprinciples,pipes,pumps,groundwater,andchannelsshouldallbeapartoftheirrigationanddrainageengineer’stoolbox.译文返回原文在中国，为了使农业生产效益最大化，水利工程人员和水务管理人员必须密切关注土壤、农作物和灌溉技术。关于土壤、农作物的用水需求、盐分、用水压力、灌溉设计原则、管道、水泵、地下水和水渠等方面的知识，都应纳入灌溉和排水工程人员的知识体系。灌溉和地下排水系统设计要用到工程技术、生物学和土壤学知识。除了水力学和其他工程技术知识外，灌溉和排水工程人员还需要了解土壤和水环境、土壤-水-农作物的关系，以及水文学。灌溉和排水工程的可行性，还必须得从社会角度予以审慎考虑。在发展中国家，上马此类工程项目，本就是为了改善当地百姓的生活水平，这一点尤其如此。Reading译文

Asglobalwarmingdevelops,evenwaterresourcesystemsthatwereconsideredsustainablemaynotbesustainable.Climatemodelsindicatethatglobalwarmingwillcausedroughtsinsomepartsoftheworld.Regionswithrain-fedagriculturemayneedtoconstructirrigationsystems,andregionswithinefficientirrigationsystemsmayneedtoincreaseefficiency.Drainagesystemsthatformerlyremovedmostofthewaterfromsummerrainsmayneedtobemodifiedorevenreplaced.Areaswithincreasedprecipitationmayneedtoaddadditionaldrainageinfrastructure.Thesetypesofchangesmightprovidemanyjobsforirrigationanddrainageengineers.返回原文随着全球变暖，即使是一些原本认为是可持续的水利系统，也可能不再永续无忧。气候变化模型显示，全球变暖将在世界部分地区导致干旱。靠天吃饭的地区，可能需要进行水利建设；而那些灌溉能力不足的地区，则可能需要提高灌溉效率。那些之前基本能够把夏季降水排走的排水系统，或许需要改进，甚至是重建。降水增加的地区或许需要额外增加排水基础设施。这些气候变化或许使得对灌溉和排水工程技术人员的需求增加。critical[ˈkrɪtɪk(ə)l]adj.关键的sustainable[səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l]adj.可持续的impact[ˈɪmpækt]n.影响expertise[ˌekspɜːˈtiːz]n.专业知识或技能optimally[ˈɒptɪməli]adv.最佳；最适宜地landscape[ˈlændskeɪp]n.风景，景色subsurface[ˈsʌbsɜːfɪs]adj.地下的；表面下的drainage[ˈdreɪnɪdʒ]n.排水；放水dramatically[drəˈmætɪkli]adv.明显地starvation[stɑːˈveɪʃ(ə)n]n.饥荒，饥饿，饿死fertilization[ˌfɜːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n.施肥adequate[ˈædɪkwət]adj.足够的hectare[ˈhektə(r)]n.公顷（等于1万平方米）acreage[ˈeɪkərɪdʒ]n.英亩数swamp[swɒmp]n.沼泽，洼地，湿地levee[ˈlevi]n.防洪堤drastic[ˈdræstɪk]adj.极端的；猛烈的consequence[kɒnsɪkwəns]n.结果；后果reverse[rɪˈvɜːs]v.颠倒；彻底转变conversion[kənˈvɜːʃ(ə)n]n.转换hydraulics[haɪˈdrɒlɪks]n.水力学hydrology[haɪˈdrɒlədʒi]n.水文学，水力学feasibility[ˌfiːzəˈbɪləti]n.可行性undertake[ˌʌndəˈteɪk]v.承担；负责maximize[ˈmæksɪmaɪz]v.使增加到最大限度groundwater[ˈgraʊndwɔ:tə(r)]n.地下水inefficient[ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt]adj.效率低的modify[ˈmɒdɪfaɪ]v.调整；修改precipitation[prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n]n.降水，降水量infrastructure[ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)]n.基础设施foodproduction粮食生产practicingengineer从业工程人员environmentalimpact环境影响agriculturalengineer农业工程人员watermanagement水务管理irrigationengineering灌溉工程landscapeirrigation景观灌溉subsurfacedrainageengineering地下排水工程plantgrowthenvironment农作物生长环境massstarvation大面积饥荒alongwith与……一道irrigatedagriculture灌溉农业irrigatedfarm灌溉农田irrigatedacreage灌溉面积drasticconsequences严重后果conversionofcroplandtoforestprogram退耕还林项目kickoff启动，开始asidefrom除了……之外atlarge总体上waterstress用水压力globalwarming全球（气候）变暖waterresourcesystem水利工程climatemodel气候（理论）模型rain-fedagriculture依赖降水的农业生产Practicingengineersareexpectedtodevelopsustainablefoodproductionsystemswithlimitedwaterresourcesandlimittheenvironmentalimpactsofthosesystems.译文：技术人员应在水资源有限的条件下，找到可持续的粮食生产之道，并且还要控制粮食生产对环境的影响。注释：要注意limitedwaterresources和limittheenvironmentalimpactsofthosesystems中两个limit的形式和意义不同。limited作为定语来修饰waterresources，而后面的limit则是动词不定式，与前文的develop并列。❶Irrigationengineeringdealswiththeanalysisanddesignofsystemsthatoptimallysupplytherightamountofwatertothesoilattherighttimetomeettheneedsoftheplantsystem.译文：灌溉工程涉及分析和设计适时为土壤提供适量灌溉的系统，以满足农作物的需求。注释：thatoptimallysupplytherightamountofwatertothesoilattherighttime为定语从句，修饰systems，tomeettheneedsoftheplantsystem为补语。❷Drainagesystemsthatformerlyremovedmostofthewaterfromsummerrainsmayneedtobemodifiedorevenreplaced.译文：那些之前基本能够把夏季降水排走的排水系统，或许需要改进，甚至是重建。注释：thatformerlyremovedmostofthewaterfromsummerrains为定语从句，修饰主句的主语drainagesystems，其中remove即drain，为避免重复用词而作为drain的替代词使用。❸ReadingTask1Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeirmeaningsontheright.ReadingTask

2Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsinthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.Incaseofemergency,thisirrigationprojectcanbe________todrainwaterfromfarmlands.Technologyfromspacehasbeensupportingthe________developmentofagriculture,forexample,theselectivebreedingofplants.Thousandsofpeople________thegloriousresponsibilityofjoiningtheconstructionoftheRedFlagCanal.Without________watersupply,thelivelihoodoflocalpeopleremaineddifficultforlong.5.AIIBisshortforAsian_______________InvestmentBank.1.2.3.4.5.modifiedsustainableundertookadequateInfrastructureReadingTask

3Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.Waterdemandandagriculturalfoodproductionarenotequallyimportanttothesurvivalofagrowingpopulation.Irrigation,improvedplantvarietiesandfertilizationwerethreereasonsforadramaticincreaseinworldfoodproduction.Accordingtothepassage,eightypercentoftheworld’sfoodisnowproducedbyirrigatedagriculture.IntheU.S.,subsurfacedrainagewasonceusedtoconvertfarmlandtowetlands.Indevelopingcountries,irrigationanddrainageprojectsareundertakentochangethelivelihoodofthelocalcommunities.()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.FTTFTListeningListentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.Goodmorning,Mr.Ramayan.Wouldyoupleaseintroducethepresentsituationofthedroughts?ContinuoushotweathersinceJunehascauseddroughtsinthePunjabarea.SofarPunjabhasseen(1)________precipitationofmerely40.7mmsincesummer,downnearly70percentfromthesameperiodin(2)________years.Italsorecordedanaverageof9.5daysofhightemperaturesabove35degreesCelsius,arecordhighsince1961.Thankyou,Mr.Ramayan.Couldyoutellusinwhichpartofthestatethedroughtis(3)________serious?Thewholeregionofthestatehasreachedthelevelof(4)________drought,andmostofitscentralandsouthernpartshavereportedextremedrought.A:AspokesmanofthewaterconservancyauthoritiesofastateofIndiaintroducestheseveredroughtstoreportersoflocalmedia.B:average(A=reporter;B=spokesman)A:B:ordinaryespeciallysevereListeningWhataretheimpactsofthedroughts?Productionactivitiesandthedailylivesofresidentshavebeengreatlyaffected.The(5)_________________foragriculturalirrigationandecologicalneedssurges,anddrinkingwaterinruralareasisrunningshort.Thankyouagain,Mr.Ramayan.Hopethedroughtscanstopassoonaspossible.Thankyou.A:B:waterdemandA:B:Listeningdrought[draʊt]n.干旱Celsius[ˈselsiəs]n.摄氏度productionactivities生产活动ecological[ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l]adj.生态的surge[sɜːdʒ]v.波涛汹涌，澎湃ruralareas农村地区SpeakingMakeasimilardialogueaccordingtothesituationwiththehelpoftheusefulexpressionsgivenbelow.Yourdialoguecanbebasedonthelisteningmaterialabove.

LiLeifeng,acollegestudent,talkedwithhisfriendWangTierenabouttherecentextremeweatherconditionsinChina,i.e.seriousdroughtinNingxia,urbanwaterlogging(城市内涝)inZhengzhou,Henan,andtheextraordinaryrainstormandfloodinSuizhou,Hubei.SpeakingUsefulexpressionsyoumayuse:1.…werehitbyheavyrain.2.Localmeteorologicalservice(当地气象部门)issuedanorangealertforheavyrain.3.partofaroadcollapsedduetocontinuousrainfall4.Thecitygovernmentevacuated(疏散)residents…5.sufferedfromurbanflooding6.cutelectricitysuppliesinsomepartsofthecity7.hundredsoflargedomesticanimals(大型家畜)killed8.surroundedbythemudslide(泥石流)fromnearbymountains9.emergencymanagementbureau10.theNationalMeteorologicalCenter(国家气象中心)11.theriskofgeologicaldisasters(地质灾害)CareerZoomInReading

Accordingtothereporttothe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),inthepastfiveyearssince2017,“Chinahasbuilttheworld’slargestnetworksofhigh-speedrailwaysandexpresswaysandmademajorachievementsinbuildingairports,ports,andwaterconservancy,energy,information,andotherinfrastructure”.Actually,inthepast,morethan70yearssincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,thePartyandgovernmentsatvariouslevelshaveneverstoppedpouringvastamountsofhumanpower,moneyandmaterialsintotheconstructionofirrigationsystemsinruralareas.TheRedFlagCanalisagoodexampleofthelong-termcommitment.

TheRedFlagCanal,alsocalledHongqiCanal,wasconstructedinthe1960stoirrigatethepoorandinfertileareaofLinCounty(nowLinzhou)inthefoothillsoftheTaihangMountains.Uponthecompletionofitsconstruction,itwaswidelyconsideredasamajorengineeringfeatofthe1960sinChina.Aftermorethan50years,itisstillakeyirrigationprojectsupportinglocallivelihood.In2011,AuthoritiesinHenanProvincedecidedtorenovateandexpandtheRedFlagCanalonabudgetof260millionyuantoincreasesuppliesofdrinkingwaterduringdroughts.译文返回原文红旗渠党的二十大报告指出，在2017年以来的五年内，中国建成了世界最大的高速铁路网、高速公路网，机场港口、水利、能源、信息等基础设施建设取得了重大成就。其实，自从中华人民共和国成立以来的70多年里，党和各级政府在农村地区灌溉系统建设上，一直都在投入巨大的人力、资金和物力。红旗渠就是这个一以贯之的工作的例证。红旗渠建设于二十世纪六十年代，为的是灌溉位于太行山脚下林县（现河南省林州市）的贫瘠土地。一经竣工，即被认为是二十世纪六十年代的一个工程壮举。在五十多年后的今天，红旗渠依然是保障当地民生的重要灌溉设施。2011年，河南省有关部门决定拿出2.6亿元预算，修葺并扩建红旗渠，用以增加旱季饮用水供应。Reading

LinCountyissurroundedbymountains,withlocalpeoplesufferingchronicshortageofwater.Despitelittlebudget,incredibleengineeringdifficulties,andlow-endedconstructionequipment,theprojectwaskickedoffin1960.Fromthemaintrunk,brancheswerebuiltintovillagesscatteredthroughthemountainousarea.Alladdedtogether,thetotallengthofthecanalsystemis1,500kilometers.22.25millioncubicmetersofsoilandstonewereexcavated.Over1,000rockcliffswerecutthroughtocompleteabout150aqueductsandover200tunnels.

Atotalofabout350,000Linzhoupeople,menandwomen,youngandold,spentalmost10yearsbuildingthecanalalongandacrosspreviouslyimpassablemountainsregions,makinggreateffortsandsacrificesintheconstructionoftheproject.Duringtheconstructionprocess,81peopledied,withtheoldestbeing63andtheyoungest17.Manystoriesofhardworkandheroismwereleft.Regardedastheturningpointinlocalpeople’shistoryofoverpoweringtheharshenvironment,thecanalhasservedasthevenueforyouth’spatrioticeducationforquitesometime.译文林县四周群山围绕，当地老百姓常年苦于缺水。1960年，尽管有预算不足、工程难度巨大、施工设备落后等困难，红旗渠毅然上马了。沿着干渠一路过去，数不清的支渠向着散落在群山中的村庄延伸而去。全部算上的话，红旗渠总长度达到了1500公里，施工期间共挖掘了2225万立方米的泥土和石头，凿穿了1000多个石壁，架设了约150个高架渠，贯通了200多个隧道。总共有35万林州人民，不分男女老幼，用时近十年，付出了巨大的努力和牺牲，在先前人迹罕至、不可逾越的山区建成了红旗渠。施工期间，共有81人牺牲，最年长者63岁，最小的仅仅17岁，留下了许许多多的艰苦奋斗的英勇故事。作为林县人民战天斗地的历史转折点，红旗渠已设为青少年爱国教育基地。返回原文Reading译文

TheRedFlagCanal,togetherwithmorethan400reservoirs,pondsand80mediumorsmallhydropowerstationsbuiltalongthemaintrunkandbranches,hasyieldedavasthydraulicengineeringnetwork,withnearly3,000-hectareirrigatedfarmlandsincreasedandadequatedrinkingwaterandindustrialwatersupplied.Sincethecompletionoftheconstruction,thecanalhaswonvarioushonorsandtitles,suchas“man-maderiverunderheaven”,“livelihoodcanal”,“happinesscanal”,andeven“the8thhydraulicengineeringwonderoftheworld”.ThediligenceandperseveranceofthepeopleofLinCountyispraisedasthe“RedFlagCanalspirit”.

Today,theRedFlagCanalfunctionsnotonlyasanirrigationsystem,butalsoasatourismresortforitsimpressivelandscape,locatedattheremoteandmountainousjunctureofthreeprovincesofHenan,Shanxi,andHebei,though.Thesceniczonecoversanareaof5squarekilometers,withawell-designedmuseumandaspectacularwaterdiversionproject.Millionsoftourists,homeandabroad,travelthereeveryyear.红旗渠，连同干渠和支渠沿线修建的400多座水库水塘和80多个中小型水电站，组成了一个规模巨大的水利工程网，新增灌溉农田近3000公顷，并保障了饮用水和工业用水供应。工程竣工后，诸多荣誉加身，如“人间天河”“生命渠”“幸福渠”，乃至“世界第八大奇迹”等。林县人民坚韧不拔的奋斗精神被誉为“红旗渠精神”。如今，虽然位于河南、山西、河北三省交界的偏远山区，红旗渠除了作为灌溉工程外，还以其优美的自然风景成了旅游景点。风景区有五平方公里之大，含有一个设计精致的博物馆和一个独特的引水工程。每年有上百万国内外游客来访。返回原文infrastructure[ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)]n.基础设施canal[kəˈnæl]n.运河；灌溉渠infertile[ɪnˈfɜːtaɪl]adj.贫瘠的authority[ɔːˈθɒrəti]n.当局；官方renovate[ˈrenəveɪt]v.修复；翻新expand[ɪkˈspænd]v.扩大budget[ˈbʌdʒɪt]n.预算chronic[ˈkrɒnɪk]adj.长期的，慢性的trunk[trʌŋk]n.主干；树干scatter[ˈskætə(r)]v.撒播；散开mountainous[ˈmaʊntənəs]adj.多山的excavate[ˈekskəveɪt]v.挖掘；发掘aqueduct[ˈækwɪdʌkt]n.高架渠tunnel[ˈtʌn(ə)l]n.隧道impassable[ɪmˈpɑ:səb(ə)l]adj.不能通行的sacrifice[ˈsækrɪfaɪs]n.牺牲heroism[ˈherəʊɪzəm]n.英雄主义overpower[ˌəʊvəˈpaʊə(r)]v.压倒；征服harsh[hɑːʃ]adj.严厉的；严酷的venue[ˈvenjuː]n.地点，场地patriotic[ˌpætriˈɒtɪk]adj.爱国的reservoir[ˈrezəvwɑː(r)]n.水库hydropower[ˈhaɪdrəʊˌpaʊə(r)]n.水力发电yield[jiːld]v.出产，产出；屈服perseverance[ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns]n.毅力，韧性function[ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n]v.运行jucture[ˈdʒʌŋktʃə(r)]n.关头spectacular[spekˈtækjələ(r)]adj.壮观的；引人入胜的diversion[daɪˈvɜːʃ(ə)n]n.转移，转向the20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会waterconservancy水利theParty中国共产党（theCommunistPartyofChina的简称）engineeringfeat工程壮举onabudgetof以……的有限预算engineeringdifficulty施工困难low-endedconstructionequipment低水平的建筑装备maintrunk干渠cubicmeter立方米turningpoint转折点togetherwith连同……一起，和（连词）hydropowerstation水电站drinkingwater饮用水industrialwater工业用水tourismresort旅游景区（景点）sceniczone风景区waterdiversionproject引水工程Atotalofabout350,000Linzhoupeople,menandwomen,youngandold,spentalmost10yearsbuildingthecanalalongandacrosspreviouslyimpassablemountainsregions,makinggreateffortsandsacrificesintheconstructionoftheproject.译文：总共有35万林州人民，不分男女老幼，用时近十年，付出了巨大的努力和牺牲，在先前人迹罕至、不可逾越的山区建成了红旗渠。注释：此句描述了红旗渠建设规模大、周期长、参建人数多，极言工程艰难。需注意中英文的语序不一致，这是两种语言的语言逻辑和表达方式上的差异造成的。❶TheRedFlagCanal,togetherwithmorethan400reservoirs,pondsand80mediumorsmallhydropowerstationsbuiltalongthemaintrunkandbranches,hasyieldedavasthydraulicengineeringnetwork,withnearly3,000-hectareirrigatedfarmlandsincreasedandadequatedrinkingwaterandindustrialwatersupplied.译文：红旗渠，连同干渠和支渠沿线修建的400多座水库、水塘和80多个中小型水电站，构建了一个规模巨大的水利工程网，新增灌溉了近3000公顷农田，并保障了饮用水和工业用水供应。注释：短语togetherwithmorethan400reservoirs,pondsand80mediumorsmallhydropowerstationsbuiltalongthemaintrunkandbranches是修饰动词yield的状语，不是主语的一部分。短语nearly3,000-hectareirrigatedfarmlandsincreased和短语adequatedrinkingwaterandindustrialwatersupplied，与介词with搭配，构成此句的独立主格成分，补充说明动词yield.❷ReadingTask1Basedonthepassage,choosethecorrectanswerforeachstatement.TheconstructionoftheRedFlagCanalwasmainlytriggeredby_____.A.insufficientelectricpowersupplyB.long-termshortageofwaterC.inconvenienttransportationD.supportofenoughbudget1.ReadingWhichwasnotincludedinthemaindifficultiesoftheconstructionoftheRedFlagCanal?A.Greatengineeringdifficulties.B.Primitiveconstructionequipment.C.Insufficientbudget.D.Lesselectricpowersupply.2.ReadingWhichkindofengineeringwasnotincludedintheconstructionoftheRedFlagCanal?A.Excavationofsoilandstone.B.Cutofrockcliffs.C.Highwayinterchange.D.Tunnelsandaqueducts.3.ReadingWhichoneofthefollowinghonorsdoesnotbelongtotheRedFlagCanal?A.LubanPrize.B.Livelihoodcanal.C.Happinesscanal.D.Man-maderiverunderheaven.4.ReadingWhichoneofthefollowingfunctionsisnotabouttheRedFlagCanal?A.Anirrigationsystem.B.FishingindustryC.Youth’spatrioticeducationsite.D.Waterdiversionproject.5.ReadingTask

2Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.TheRedFlagCanalengineeringisasetofirrigationsystems,withouthydropowerplantsincluded.TheRedFlagCanalislocatedattheconnectionpointofthreeprovinces:Henan,Hebei,andShandong.TheconstructionoftheRedFlagCanaltookalmost10years,partlybecausetherewaslittletechnologyandequipmentavailable.Atpresent,theRedFlagCanalhasbecomeatourismresortforitssceniclandscape,notanirrigationsystemanymore.The“RedFlagCanalspirit”ishighlypraisedforthegreatcontributionofthosepeoplewhowereengagedintheprojectconstruction.()1.()2.()3.()4.FFTF()5.T

Aspongecitymeansthatacitycanfunctionasaspongeandhaveconsummateflexibilityinadaptingtoenvironmentalchangesandrespondingtonaturaldisasterscausedbytorrentialrain.

Everyyear,morethan100citiesacrossChinaaredisruptedbyurbanflooding,accordingtotheStateFloodControlandDroughtReliefHeadquarters.Iftheconstructionofdrainagesystemsandsewersisignored,urbanfloodingwillonlybeserious.Tosolvetheproblemonceandforall,thecentralgovernmenthasdecidedtopushforwardthe“SpongeCity”program.Theprogramwillallowatleast60percentofrainwatertosoakintotheground,ratherthanbeingdischargedintorivers,accordingtoaguidelinereleasedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentinOctober,2015.

Theprojectincludesthedevelopmentofresidentialcommunitieswithstorageponds,filtrationpoolsandwetlands,plusroadsandsquaresbuiltwithpermeablematerialsthatwillallowstormwatertosoakintothegroundmoreeffectively,accordingtotheguidelines.Itrequiresamajorshiftinideasabouturbanconstruction.Rainwatershouldberegardedasaresource,ratherthanaburdentobedealtwith.译文SpongeCity海绵城市海绵城市指城市像海绵一样，具备良好的灵活性，可适应环境变化，应对暴雨引发的自然灾害。根据国家防汛抗旱总指挥部的数据，在中国，每年有100多个城市为城市洪涝灾害所袭扰。如果忽视了排水系统和下水道建设，城市洪涝灾害只会更加严重。为一次性解决这一问题，中央政府决定推进海绵城市建设。根据住房与城乡建设部于2015年10月发布的指导意见，通过海绵城市建设，至少百分之六十的雨水将得以蓄存于地下，而不是白白流入河道。根据指导意见，海绵城市建设包括居民区蓄水池、滤水池和湿地建设，以及用更有效吸收雨水的材料修建的道路和广场。海绵城市建设需要转变城市建设观念，把雨水作为一项资源加以利用，而不是当作一种负担。返回原文

Withaconceptsimilartolow-impactdevelopmentimplementedinNorthAmerica,thespongecityprogramindicatesanewgenerationofurbanrainwatermanagementconcepts,representingthefutureofthecountry’surbanizationdrive.Aseriesofpilotcitiesanddemonstrationcitieshavebeenselectedfortheconstructionoftheprogram.Theyaresupposedtosignificantlyimprovetheirfloodcontrolanddrainagecapacity,undergroundspaceconstructionandtheecologicalenvironment–fullyimplementingthespongecityconcept.译文与在北美地区实施的低影响开发观念类似，海绵城市建设体现了城市雨水管理观念的迭代和国家城市化发展的方向。至今已有一系列城市入选试点城市和示范城市，它们将落实海绵城市建设观念，大幅提高其抗洪排水能力，改进地下空间建设，优化生态环境。返回原文consummate[kənˈsʌmət]adj.完美的torrential[təˈrenʃ(ə)l]adj.（雨）倾泻的disrupt[dɪsˈrʌpt]v.中断sewer[ˈsuːə(r)]n.下水道，排水沟urbanflooding城市洪涝soakinto渗透进去discharge[dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ]v.排出guideline[ˈɡaɪdlaɪn]n.指导方针residentialcommunity居民区filtration[fɪlˈtreɪʃn]n.过滤permeable[ˈpɜ:miəb(ə)l]adj.可渗透的urbanconstruction城市建设low-impactdevelopment低影响开发理念urbanizationdrive城市化（发展）pilotcity试点城市demonstrationcity示范城市ListeningListentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.InAugust,2021,thecityofZhengzhouinHenanProvinceexperiencedwhatsomemeteorologistshavelabelledaonce-in-a-thousand-yearsevent.Injustafewdays,thiscitynearlyexceededitsannualaveragerainfall,withdisastrousfloodsdisplacingmillionsofpeoplefromtheirhomes.Twostudents(TomandMike)talkedaboutthenewsandreportsabouttherecentunusualclimate.(A=Tom;B=Mike)Hey,Mike,newsreportssaidthatKaifeng,acitynearZhengzhou,hassuspendedconstructionandbusinessoperationstocopewithheavyrainstorms(1)________forthisSundayandMonday.That’ssobad.Itisprobablybecausethecity’sheadquartersoffloodpreventionand(2)________controlhaveobtainedsomealertsfrommeteorologistsformoresevererainfall.Definitely,thesuspensionisnecessarytoreducepossiblelossoflifeandbelongings.A:B:forecastdroughtListeningThisisinfactjustoneofseveralextremeclimate-relatedeventsthathaveoccurredaroundtheworldthissummer,whichalsoinclude(3)________floods,severedroughtsandcatastrophicwildfires.Fortunately,afriendofminelivinginZhengzhoutoldmeonthephone,thatinafloodedregion,rescueoperationswerecarriedoutimmediatelyandeffectively.Supplyof(4)______________,food,medicalcareandcommunicationwereallensured.That’sthegoodnews.Imustsay,thattheresponseoflocalauthoritiestothissudden(5)________andcitywaterloggingisreallyfastandstrong.Yeah.Itisvery,veryimpressive.Ilikeit.B:massiveA:B:drinkingwaterrainfallA:suspend[səˈspend]v.暂停meteorologist[ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒɪst]n.气象学家catastrophic[ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk]adj.灾难