英语美文诵读-用英语讲好中国故事课件Unit1 Chinese Sages and Great Figures 中国人物

Unit1

ChineseSagesandGreatFigures中国人物上篇TextAHuangdiTextBConfuciusTextCLaoziTextDLiBaiAnumberofgreatfiguresinChinesehistoryhavehadaprofoundimpactontheworld.AsdescendantsoftheChinesepeople,weshouldrespectthefinetraditionalChineseculture,strengthenourculturalconfidence,inheritChinesecultureandcarryforwardthetraditionalvirtuesoftheChinesenation.Furthermore,weshouldtellChinesestoriesinEnglishtoforeignerssothattheycandeeplyunderstandChina.Afterstudyingthetextsinthisunit,studentsareexpectedtohaveaclearunderstandingofsuchgreatfiguresasHuangdi,Confucius,Laozi,LiBaiandtheirgreatachievements.Meanwhile,theyareabletotellthestoriesofthesegreatpeopleinEnglish.Asaresult,morepeopleintheworldcanbetterunderstandChinathroughgreatChinesefigures.HuangdiTextA【TextA】HuangdiHuangdi,alsocalledXuanyuan,couldspeaksoonafterhewasborn.Evenasachild,hewasquick-witted,andhadanexpressionofvibrantacutenessbetweenhiseyesandhisbrow.Ashereachedmaturity,heprovedtohaveapenetratingmindandbecamethepillarofhistribe.Providenceendowedhimwithforesightandsagacity,whichnotonlymadehimasensibleyoungman,butalsoenabledhimtohavethewell-beingofthemassesatheart.Therefore,whenhelearnedthatserpentsandwildbeastswereamenacetothecommonpeopleandsawthedriedbonesleftunburiedafterbattlesbetweentribes,hewouldbeinagony.Thesemisfortunesprickedhisconscience.返回【TextA】黄帝黄帝，又名轩辕，出生不久就能说话，幼年时思维敏捷，眉眼间更是写尽了少年神采。而成年后，轩辕的目光中已经透出一种洞察万物的通明，他已经成为他们部族的顶梁柱。但是上天给了他如水一样通透的神识，不只是为了让他看透事理，更是为了让他的内心能够照见世间疾苦。所以，当听闻毒蛇猛兽残害黎民，看到部族征战后无人掩埋的枯骨，他的内心总是翻涌起千层巨浪。他觉得，这一切不幸，是对他良心最刺痛的拷打。【TextA】Toenablehispeopletoliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment,hetaughthisofficialsthetechniquesoffarming.Gradually,theylearnedtodigthesoilandmakedrainageditches,andhowtoselecttheseedsofthefivecereals.Thegrainsofunhuskedriceweretoosmallandweremixedwithricehusks,whichwerehardtodigest,soitwasdifficulttocookrice.Suchbeingthecase,Xuanyuaninventedthemortarandpestletoremovethehusks,andpotstocookrice.Soon,theShaodianTribewasfreedfromhunger.However,anotherproblemarose:Ifallthetribesmenwerefarming,whowoulddothehunting?SoXuanyuanbegantoworkonsettingtrapstocatchanddomesticatebirdsandbeasts.Inaddition,heledhispeopletobuildhousessothattheycouldsettledownandgetmarried.Inthemeantime,hiswife,Leizu,madegreateffortstofindnewcloth-makingmaterials.Eventually,shedevelopedtheskillofmakingclothbycombiningnaturalsilkwithramie.Thepeoplenolongerusedroughhidestocovertheirbodies,andtheywereprotectedfromfrostbite.ThankstoXuanyuanandhisofficials’unremittingefforts,thepeoplewereprosperousandcheerful.However,Xuanyuanstillfeltsad.【TextA】为了让自己的子民安居乐业，他带着官员们亲自下地耕种，渐渐研究出翻土开沟的技术、选育五谷的方法。可是稻谷太细小、又有难以消化的谷壳，烹饪难度很大。于是，轩辕发明了给稻谷脱壳的杵臼和煮熟稻谷的锅盆。很快，少典部落就听不到挨饿的呻吟了。可是大家都在种地，谁有时间结伙打猎呢？于是轩辕又开始琢磨设置陷阱、驯养禽兽的技术，还带领子民筑造宫室，定居成家。同时，轩辕的妻子嫘祖竭尽全力寻找新的制衣材料，最终发明了蚕丝混合粗麻制衣的技术。于是部落子民不再用粗糙的兽皮蔽体，身上冻伤的痕迹也渐渐褪去……经过轩辕和各级官员不懈地发明创造，少典部落里渐渐开始有了笑声。但是轩辕的眼中仍然浸满忧伤。【TextA】“Thecountryhasbeeninchaosfortoolong!”Xuanyuanoftensighed.But,whatcouldhedo?TheruleofEmperorShennongwasindecline,andthecountrywasrackedbytribalwarfare.Asamatteroffact,theShaodianTribeitselfsufferedagreatdealfromthis.Iftheycouldnotprotectthemselves,howcouldtheybringpeacetothestate?ItwastruethatXuanyuanwantedtoprotecthispeoplefromthehorrorsofwar.However,ifwarcouldbringpeacetothewholeland,hewouldbereadytolaunchawaragainstShennongandsafeguardthetribalorder,evenifitgavehimanevilname.【TextA】“天下已经混乱得太久了!”他总是这样长叹。可他又有什么办法呢？掌控天下的神农氏已经没落，不能禁止部落间无谓的征伐，甚至少典部落都深受其害、不能自保，又何谈匡扶天下呢？轩辕固然不愿意让自己的子民遭受战火波及，但是如果能够用战火换得匡扶天下的机会，他宁愿成为背负发动战争恶名的罪人，宁愿挑战神农氏的权威、成为维护部落秩序的领头羊。【TextA】Thereupon,hisnormallygentlegazebegantotakeonasteelygleam.Althoughconscience-stricken,Xuanyuanbegantomakepowerfulweaponswithtechniquesofmakingfarmtools,totamebeastsliketigers,leopards,jackalsandwolveswiththeskillsofdomesticatingchickensandducks,tomakechariots,flagsanddrumswithhousebuildingmaterials,andtomakearmourwithsewingskills.Later,inthewildernessofBanquan,Xuanyuan’sarmy,deployedinbattleformation,foughtseveralbattleswithShennong’sfire-wieldingarmy,whichledtothereplacementofShennongbyXuanyuan.However,Chiyou,atyrantinthesouth,begantochallengeXuanyuan’sauthority.Chiyouhadabronzeheadandsteelarms,andwasskilledinfightingaswellasinsummoningwindandrain.Besides,hehadagangof80formidablebrothers.ThemomenttheyencounteredXuanyuan’sarmy,Chiyou’smenresortedtomagicarts.Asaresult,inthetwinklingofaneye,densefogengulfedXuanyuan’smen.ButXuanyuan,withthehelpof“southward-pointing”chariots(chariotswithasortofcompassmountedonthem),ledhistroopsagainstChiyou’sarmy.Withthefoglifting,Chiyoucalledthegodsofwindandraintohisaid.Consequently,Xuanyuan’swarriorswereattackedbyaviolentrainstorm.Atthiscriticalmoment,XuanyuancalleduponBa(thegoddessofdrought).Immediately,theheavyrainturnedintoplumesofsmoke,andthepoolsonthegroundturnedintomudcracksandgullies,exposingChiyou’sforcesinfrontofXuanyuan.FacedwithChiyou’sgreenfaceandferociousfangs,Xuanyuansetthebeastshehadtamedagainsttheenemyfrominfrontwhileorderinghismentopounceontheenemyfrombehind.Finally,Chiyouwasconquered,andXuanyuanunitedthewholeland.【TextA】于是，他温和的眼神中渐渐有了杀气。顶着对自己内心强大的谴责，他用制作农具的技术，制作了更有杀伤力的兵器；用驯养鸡鸭的技术，驯养了虎豹豺狼；用制造房屋的土木，制造了战车旗鼓；用穿针引线的技巧，造出了冰冷的铠甲。阪泉之野，轩辕的军队摆开阵型，和擅用火攻的神农氏展开了多次决战。而当轩辕最终取代神农氏时，南方的蚩尤又以暴虐挑战他的权威。铜头铁臂的蚩尤擅长借用风雨作战，还有80个和他一样刀枪不入的兄弟。他们与轩辕的部队一相遇，就开始作法，浓密的大雾瞬间将轩辕的部队吞没。而轩辕立刻利用指南车，引领部队朝着蚩尤的方向杀去，谁知大雾虽然逐渐消散，但是蚩尤请来的风伯、雨师又开始呼风唤雨，轩辕的部队遭到了暴风雨的袭击。于是轩辕请天女魃（旱神）下凡，大雨瞬间化作缕缕青烟，地面的泥淖随即干裂成千沟万壑。于是蚩尤的部队才最终出现在轩辕眼前。面对青面獠牙的蚩尤，轩辕放出了驯养的野兽，命令自己的部队从后掩杀，最终击败了蚩尤，天下由此终于一统。【TextA】Thewarwasover,andtherewasamildlightinXuanyuan’seyes.However,behindhisgentleeyeswasthefamiliargrief.“Theworldistoobig!”hesighed.Observingothertribes,Xuanyuansawthemstrugglingforsurvival,whichremindedhimofwhathadhappenedtohisownShaodianTribe.TheproblemwasthatevenifhecouldtillallthelandofShaodian,couldhehaveallthelandunderheaventilled?Moreover,evenifhecouldtellhistribesmenwhentocultivatetheland,howcouldhetellallthepeopleontheearth?Forthisreason,Xuanyuan,togetherwithXihe(asolardeity)andDanao(ahistoriographer),createdanastronomicalcalendarbasedonthemovementsofthesunandmoon.Moreover,incooperationwithShennong,whowasskilledatfarming,Xuanyuanpopularizedtheastronomicalcalendar.However,evenifadequatefoodandclothingcoulddispelhungerandcoldfromthepeople,itcouldnotdissipatethefearfromthebottomoftheirhearts.So,XuanyuanaskedCangjie,theofficialhistorian,tocreatewriting,andorderedLingluntocreatemusic.Fromthenon,writingandmusicperpetuatedthethoughtsofXuanyuanandotherancientsages.Thereafter,whennightfell,allthepeoplebegantosingfolksongshandeddownfrompreviousgenerationsanddancejoyouslyaroundcampfires.Thesehappyfacesgraduallydispelledthepanicthatwaspervasiveamongthetribesmen.Thepeople,whousedtodance,offersacrificesandpraytoheavenforblessings,begantoenjoyahappylifeas“humanbeings.”【TextA】战火熄灭，轩辕的眼中渐渐透出了曾经的温和，可是这温和背后，还是那熟悉的忧伤。“天下太广袤了!”当他望向其他部落，看到的是最原始的求生挣扎，再次让他回忆起少典部落最初的模样。可是纵然他能够耕遍少典部落的田地，他能够耕遍天下的田地吗？就算他能告诉少典部落的子民何时耕种，可他能告诉天下农人何时耕种吗？于是，轩辕与太阳神羲和、史官大挠一起根据日月运行测定天文历法，和擅长耕种的神农氏合作，将天文历法的知识普及天下。但是温饱能够驱散对饥饿和寒冷的恐慌，却不能驱散人们心底的恐惧。于是，轩辕让史官仓颉创造了文字，让伶伦创制乐律。由此，文字乐律逐渐成为承载轩辕及古时贤人思想的载体。此后，每当夜幕降临，华夏大地上的子民开始唱着流传下来的亘古歌谣、围着篝火欢乐舞蹈，这些饱含幸福的笑脸开始驱散部落中弥漫的恐慌，那些曾经跳舞、祭祀、向上天祈求垂怜的子民，开始感受到作为“人”存在的幸福。【TextA】LegendhasitthatundertheruleofXuanyuan,auspicioussignsappearedfromthesoil.AssoilissymbolizedbythecoloryellowinChineseculture,XuanyuaniscalledtheYellowEmperorbytheChinesepeople.TheYellowEmperor,withhiswisdom,bequeathedhispeopleapeacefullife,andexertedacivilizinginfluenceonthebarbarictribes.Fromthenon,thetime-honoredChinesenationhadthebasicspiritofhumanbeings.Inthissense,theYellowEmperorwastheinitiatorofChinesecivilization.【TextA】传说，轩辕治世时，土中出现祥瑞之兆，因为土为黄色，故而华夏大地上的人都称轩辕为黄帝。而黄帝将自己的智慧，化成人间的安宁，带领血雨腥风间的部落摆脱原始的冲动，古老的华夏，从此有了“人”最初的神识与脉动。所以，黄帝，是中华民族当之无愧的人文始祖。【TextA】Glossarypenetratingadj.showingthatyouhaveunderstoodsth.quicklyandcompletely深刻的；精辟的providencen.God,oraforcethatsomepeoplebelievecontrolsourlivesandthethingsthathappentous,usuallyinawaythatprotectsus上帝；苍天serpentn.asnake,especiallyalargeone蛇；（尤指）大蛇menacen.apersonorthingthatcauses,ormaycause,seriousdamage,harmordanger威胁；危险的人（或物）agonyn.extremephysicalormentalpain（精神或肉体的）极度痛苦prickv.tomakesb.feelaslightpainasiftheywerebeingpricked使感到刺痛unremittingadj.neverstopping不停的；持续不断的steelyadj.strong,hardandunfriendly强硬的；冷冰冰的deployv.tomovesoldiersorweaponsintoapositionwheretheyarereadyformilitaryaction部署，调度【TextA】Glossarydeployv.tomovesoldiersorweaponsintoapositionwheretheyarereadyformilitaryaction部署，调度tyrantn.apersonwhohascompletepowerinacountryandusesitinacruelandunfairway暴君；专制君主engulfv.tosurroundortocoversb./sth.completely包围；吞没perpetuatev.omakesth.suchasabadsituation,abelief,etc.continueforalongtime使永久化；使持续auspiciousadj.showingsignsthatsth.islikelytobesuccessfulinthefuture吉利的；吉祥的【TextA】Phrases&Expressionsmakegreateffortsto竭尽全力inthetwinklingofaneye转眼间；立刻fromthebottomofone’sheart发自内心地；从内心深处exertaninfluenceon...对……产生影响inthissense从这个意义上而言；在这个意义上【TextA】Exercises1.WhatdoyouknowaboutXuanyuan?2.WhatdidXuanyuandoinordertoenablehispeopletoliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment?Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestions.Xuanyuan,calledtheYellowEmperorbytheChinesepeople,couldspeaksoonafterhewasborn.Evenasachild,hewasquick-witted,andhadanexpressionofvibrantacutenessbetweenhiseyesandhisbrow.Ashereachedmaturity,heprovedtohaveapenetratingmindandbecamethepillarofhistribe.Hedidalotofthingssuchasteachinghisofficialsthetechniquesoffarming,learningtodigthesoilandmakingdrainageditches.【TextA】Exercises3.WhydidXuanyuan’snormallygentlegazebegintotakeonasteelygleamaccordingtothetext?4.WhyisXuanyuancalledtheYellowEmperorbytheChinesepeople?Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestions.Becauseifwarcouldbringpeacetothewholeland,XuanyuanwouldbereadytolaunchawaragainstShennongandsafeguardthetribalorder,evenifitgavehimanevilname.BecauseundertheruleofXuanyuan,auspicioussignsappearedfromthesoil.AssoilissymbolizedbythecoloryellowinChineseculture,XuanyuaniscalledtheYellowEmperorbytheChinesepeople.【TextA】Exercises5.HowdoyouunderstandthattheYellowEmperorwastheinitiatorofChinesecivilization?Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestions.TheYellowEmperor,withhiswisdom,bequeathedhispeopleapeacefullife,andexertedacivilizinginfluenceonthebarbarictribes.Fromthenon,thetime-honoredChinesenationhadthebasicspiritofhumanbeings.Inthissense,theYellowEmperorwastheinitiatorofChinesecivilization.【TextA】Exercises1.Humansexperienceadelayed________;wearriveatallstagesoflifelaterthanothermammals.2.Myfather________withreliefthatitwasallover.3.Thepresidentisattemptingto________thenotionthathehasneglectedtheeconomy.4.Ourleadermadea___________analysisoftheproblem.5.Sam’scareerasabusinessmanhadan___________start.Ⅱ.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformsofthewordsgiveninthebox.unremittingmaturitypenetratingdispelcontentmentauspiciouspervasivesighinitiatoracutenessmaturitysigheddispelpenetratingauspicious【TextA】Exercises6.The________ofthisprogramisHouHaiyang,a23-year-oldgraduatefromNortheastNormalUniversity.7.Heholdsitisnecessarytoreiteratemomentuminbothmoralityandethicswhencommerciallogicis____________.8.Hewassenttoboardingschool,wherehespentsevenyearsof____________misery.9.Thisreportrevealshisenlightenedattitudetogenderissues,andhis________indetectingandexposingsexistattitudes.10.Iwouldliketodescribethefeelingof____________thatwaswithmeatthattime.Ⅱ.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformsofthewordsgiveninthebox.unremittingmaturitypenetratingdispelcontentmentauspiciouspervasivesighinitiatoracutenessinitiatorpervasiveunremittingacutenesscontentment【TextA】Exercises1.人文始祖2.日月运行3.天文历法4.华夏民族5.炎黄子孙Ⅲ.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoEnglish.founderofChinesecivilizationmovementsofthesunandmoonastronomicalcalendartheChinesenationthedescendantsoftheYellowEmperor【TextA】ExercisesPeopleinancienttimeshadtorelyentirelyonnatureforsurvival,duetotheshortageofnecessities.Oneday,theYellowEmperorwashuntinginthemountainswithhismen.Hefoundandshotatigerinitsbackwithhisbow,butthetigerescapeddespiteitspainfulinjury.Severaldayslater,thetigerwasfoundalive,eatingaplantandlickingitswound,whichwasbasicallyhealed.TheEmperorreleasedthetigerandturnedhisattentiontowardstheplant.Hewasinspiredtobringitbackanduseittohealinjuredpeople.Aswiththetiger,theirwoundssoonstoppedbleeding.Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.古代人们由于生活必需品匮乏，只能完全依靠自然生存。有一天，黄帝带着部下到山里打猎。他发现一只老虎，用弓箭射中它的背部，老虎尽管受了伤，还是逃脱了。几天后，人们发现老虎还活着，它吃了一株植物，舔了舔伤口，伤口基本痊愈了。黄帝放开了老虎，把注意力转向了植物。他受到启发，将它带回来并用它来治愈受伤的人。和老虎一样，他们的伤口很快就止住了血。【TextA】ExercisesSeeingthis,theEmperororderedthephysicianQiBotoleadateaminresearchingplantsandanimals.Afterlongperiodsofstudy,thegroupmadesteadyprogress,culminatingintheearliestmedicaltreatiseinChina.InmemoryoftheEmperor,latergenerationsnamedtheearliestmedicalbookafterhim—HuangdiNeijing—incombinationwithFiveElementsTheory,PulseTheory,MeridianTheory,andEtiologyTheory,whichformedthefoundationoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.黄帝见状，命医学家岐伯率领一支队伍，研究动植物。经过长期的研究，该小组不断取得进展，最终形成了中国最早的医学专著。后人为了纪念黄帝，结合五行学说、脉象学说、经络学说、病因学说，以他的名字命名了最早的医书《黄帝内经》，奠定了中医的基础。【TextA】ExercisesWithregardtoChineseculture,whatcomesintoyourmind?ActasatourguidetointroduceoneofthegreatfiguresinChinesehistorytoforeignguestsandthendiscusswithyourclassmateshowtopromotethespreadofChineseculture.Ⅴ.Oralpractice.ConfuciusTextBConfuciusConfuciusisChina’smostfamousteacher,philosopher,politicaltheoristandthefounderofConfucianism,whoseideashaveinfluencedthecivilizationofEastAsiaandevenofthewholeworld.Confuciuswasborninthe22ndyearofthereignofDukeHsiangofLu(551BC).Thetraditionalclaimthathewasbornonthe27thdayoftheeighthlunarmonthhasbeenquestionedbyhistorians,butSeptember28isstillwidelyobservedinEastAsiaasConfucius’birthday.Itisanofficialholiday,Teachers’Day,inTaiwan,China.Confucius’ancestorswereprobablymembersofthearistocracywhohadbecomevirtuallypoverty-strickencommonersbythetimeofhisbirth.HisfatherdiedwhenConfuciuswasonlythreeyearsold.Instructedfirstbyhismother,Confuciuslaterdistinguishedhimselfasatirelesslearnerinhisteens.Herecalledtowardstheendofhislifethatatage15hesethisheartuponlearning.Ahistoricalaccountnotesthat,eventhoughhewasalreadyknownasaninformedyoungscholar,hefeltitappropriatetoinquireabouteverythingwhilevisitingtheGrandTemple.【TextB】返回【TextB】孔子孔子是中国最著名的教育家、哲学家和政治家，也是儒家学派的创始人，他的思想影响了东亚乃至世界的文明。孔子出生于鲁襄公二十二年（公元前551年）。关于他出生在农历八月二十七的传统说法受到了历史学家的质疑，但在东亚，9月28日仍然被广泛视为孔子的生日。9月28日是中国台湾的法定节日，教师节。孔子的祖先可能是贵族，但在孔子出生时，孔子的家庭相当贫穷。在孔子三岁时，他的父亲去世了。孔子最初是由母亲教导的，后来，在十几岁的时候就以不知疲倦的学习而闻名。他曾回忆说，“吾十有五而志于学”。一份历史记录指出，尽管人们都认为孔子是一位见多识广的年轻学者，但他每次在参观太庙时，总会提问。【TextB】Confuciushadservedinminorgovernmentpostsmanagingstablesandkeepingbooksforgranariesbeforehemarriedawomanofsimilarbackgroundwhenhewas19.ItisnotknownwhoConfucius’teacherswere,buthemadeaparticularefforttofindtherightmasterstoteachhim,amongotherthings,ritualandmusic.Confucius’masteryofthe“sixarts”—ritual,music,archery,charioteering,calligraphy,andarithmetic—andhisfamiliaritywiththeclassicaltraditions,notablypoetryandhistory,enabledhimtostartabrilliantteachingcareerinhis30s.ConfuciusisknownasthefirstteacherinChinawhowantedtomakeeducationavailabletoallmenandwhowasinstrumentalinestablishingtheartofteachingasavocation,indeedasawayoflife.BeforeConfucius,aristocraticfamilieshadhiredtutorstoeducatetheirsonsinspecificarts,andgovernmentofficialshadinstructedtheirsubordinatesinthenecessarytechniques,butConfuciuswasthefirstpersontodevotehiswholelifetolearningandteachingforthepurposeoftransformingandimprovingsociety.Hebelievedthatallhumanbeingscouldbenefitfromself-cultivation.Heinauguratedahumanitiesprogramforpotentialleaders,openedthedoorsofeducationtoall,anddefinedlearningnotmerelyastheacquisitionofknowledgebutalsoascharacterbuilding.【TextB】孔子19岁时与一位家庭背景相似的女性结婚，在此之前，他曾担任过管理牧场和管理仓库的小官吏。目前还不知道孔子的老师是谁，但孔子曾经特别努力地寻找合适的老师来教自己，包括礼仪和音乐。孔子精通礼、乐、射、御、书、数六门艺术，熟悉古典传统，尤其是诗歌和历史。他在30多岁时开始正式招生办学，开始他的教育生涯。众所周知，孔子是中国第一位希望让所有人都能接受教育的老师。在将教学艺术确立为一种职业，甚至是一种生活方式方面，孔子功不可没。在孔子之前，贵族家庭聘请家庭教师来教育他们的儿子特定的艺术，政府官员也指导他们的下属学习必要的技术，但孔子是第一个为了改变和改善社会而毕生致力于学习和教学的人。他相信所有人都可以从自我修养中受益。他为潜在的领导者开创了一个人文学科项目，向所有人打开了教育的大门，并将学习不仅定义为知识的获取，还定义为性格的塑造。【TextB】ForConfucius,theprimaryfunctionofeducationwastoprovidetheproperwaytotrainnoblemen(junzi),aprocessthatinvolvedconstantself-improvementandcontinuoussocialinteraction.Althoughheemphaticallynotedthatlearningwas“forthesakeoftheself”(theendoflearningwasself-knowledgeandself-realization),hefoundpublicserviceanaturalconsequenceoftrueeducation.Confuciusconfrontedlearnedhermitswhochallengedthevalidityofhisdesiretoservetheworld;heresistedthetemptationto“herdwithbirdsandanimals”,toliveapartfromthehumancommunity,andchosetotrytotransformtheworldfromwithin.Fordecades,Confuciuswasactivelyinvolvedinpolitics,wishingtoputhishumanistideasintopracticethroughgovernmentalchannels.【TextB】对孔子来说，教育的主要功能是提供培养贵族（君子）的正确方式，这一过程包括不断的自我完善和持续的社会互动。尽管他强调学习是“为了自我”（学习的目的是自我认识和自我实现），但他发现公共服务是真正教育的自然结果。孔子面对的是学识渊博的隐士，他们质疑孔子为世界服务的有效性；他抵制住了“与鸟类和动物为伍”的诱惑，远离人类社会生活，并选择尝试从内部改变世界。几十年来，孔子积极参与政治，希望通过政府来将他的人文主义思想付诸实践。【TextB】Inhislate40sandearly50s,Confuciusservedfirstasamagistrate,thenasanAssistantMinisterofPublicWorks,andeventuallyasMinisterofJusticeinthestateofLu.ItislikelythatheaccompaniedDukeLuashischiefministerononeofhisdiplomaticmissions.Confucius’politicalcareerwas,however,short-lived.HisloyaltytotheDukealienatedhimfromthepowerholdersofthetime,thelargeChifamilies,andhismoralrectitudedidnotsitwellwiththeDuke’sinnercircle.At56,whenherealizedthathissuperiorswereuninterestedinhispolicies,Confuciusleftthecountryinanattempttofindanotherfeudalstatetowhichhecouldrenderhisservice.Despitehispoliticalfrustration,hewasaccompaniedbyanexpandingcircleofstudentsduringthisself-imposedexileofalmost14years.Hisreputationasamanofvisionandmissionspread.Aguardianofaborderpostoncecharacterizedhimasthe“woodentongueforabell”oftheage,soundingheaven’spropheticnotetoawakenthepeople.Attheageof67,hereturnedhometoteachandtopreservehischerishedclassicaltraditionsbywritingandediting.Confuciusdiedin479BC,attheageof73.AccordingtoRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,72ofhisstudentsmasteredthe“sixarts”,andthosewhoclaimedtobehisfollowersnumbered3,000.Hehasbeenrespectedasthe“RoleModelforTeachersthroughtheAges”.【TextB】孔子在50岁左右的时候，先是担任知府，随后是负责管理建筑工程，最后是负责鲁国的司法事务。孔子很可能作为首席大臣陪同鲁国国君参与过外交会晤。然而，孔子的政治生涯是短暂的。他对公爵的忠诚使他与当时的权贵——季氏大家族疏远，他的道德操守也不符合公爵的道德信仰。56岁时，当孔子意识到他的上级对他的政策不感兴趣时，他离开了鲁国，试图找到另一个他可以为之服务的国家。尽管他在政治上受挫，但在这场长达近14年的自我放逐中，他的学生圈子不断扩大。作为一个有远见和使命感的人，孔子的声誉得到了广泛传播。一位边防哨所的守护者曾将他描述为那个时代的“木铎”，发出来自上天的预言来唤醒人们。67岁时，他回到家乡继续教书，并通过编写来保存他所珍视的古典传统。公元前479年，孔子去世，享年73岁。据《史记》记载，他的学生中有72人精通“六艺”，自称是他的追随者的有3000人。他被誉为“万世师表”。【TextB】Glossaryreignn.theperiodduringwhichaking,queen,emperor,etc.rules统治时期aristocracyn.(insomecountries)peopleborninthehighestsocialclass,whohavespecialtitles（某些国家的）贵族commonern.apersonwhodoesnotcomefromaroyalornoblefamily平民granaryn.abuildingwheregrainisstored谷仓；粮仓archeryn.theartorsportofshootingarrowswithabow射箭术；射箭运动charioteern.thedriverofachariot驾双轮马车的人inauguratev.tointroduceanewdevelopmentoranimportantchange开创；开始magistraten.anofficialwhoactsasajudgeinthelowestcourtsoflaw地方执法官alienatev.tomakesb.feelthattheydonotbelonginaparticulargroup使（与某群体）格格不入；使疏远rectituden.thequalityofthinkingorbehavinginacorrectandhonestway正直renderv.togivesb.sth.,especiallyinreturnforsth.orbecauseitisexpected给予；提供；回报【TextB】Phrases&Expressionsdevoteone’swholelifeto某人全身心致力于forthesakeof为了herdwith...与……为伍beinvolvedin...参与……之中inanattemptto尝试【TextB】Exercises1.WhoisConfucius?2.WhyisSeptember28setasTeachers’DayinTaiwan,China?Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestions.ConfuciusisChina’smostfamousteacher,philosopher,politicaltheoristandthefounderofConfucianism,whoseideashaveinfluencedthecivilizationofEastAsiaandevenofthewholeworld.September28isstillwidelyobservedinEastAsiaasConfucius’birthday.【TextB】Exercises3.WhyisConfuciusregardedasthefirstteacherinChina?4.Whatarethemajorpointsofhisideasabouteducation?Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestions.ConfuciusisknownasthefirstteacherinChinawhowantedtomakeeducationavailabletoallmenandwhowasinstrumentalinestablishingtheartofteachingasavocation,indeedasawayoflife.ForConfucius,theprimaryfunctionofeducationwastoprovidetheproperwaytotrainnoblemen,aprocessthatinvolvedconstantself-improvementandcontinuoussocialinteraction.What’smore,hefoundpublicserviceanaturalconsequenceoftrueeducation.【TextB】Exercises5.Whydidheleavehiscountryandtravelaroundvariousstates?Ⅰ.Answerthefollowingquestions.Confuciusleftthecountryinanattempttofindanotherfeudalstatetowhichhecouldrenderhisservicewhenherealizedthathissuperiorswereuninterestedinhispolicies.【TextB】Exercises1.Themoonlanding___________anewerainspaceexploration.2.Johnreturnedafter30yearsof________.3.Maryworked________forthecauseofhealthandsafety.4.Confuciuswasbornintoapoorbut________familythathadfallenonhardtimes.5.Thepeoplewhowillbeonthecommitteeare________,cultured,competentpeople.Ⅱ.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformsofthewordsgiveninthebox.moralsagetirelessrendernobleritualhistorianexileinauguratehermitinauguratedexiletirelesslynoblemoral【TextB】Exercises6.Belessattachedtoyourthoughts—RamanaMaharshi,agreat________fromIndia,believedthatsimplicityisthemeasureofhowunattachedyouaretoyourthoughts.7.Ihavespentthepasttenyearslivinglikea________.8.ThewholeItalianculturerevolvesaroundthe________ofeating.9.Hundredsofpeoplewere________homelessbytheearthquake.10.________MichaelBeschlossdebunksafewmyths.Ⅱ.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformsofthewordsgiveninthebox.moralsagetirelessrendernobleritualhistorianexileinauguratehermitsagehermitritualrenderedHistorian【TextB】Exercises1.阴历八月二十七2.儒家思想3.《论语》4.礼、乐、射、御、书、数5.《史记》Ⅲ.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoEnglish.the27thdayoftheeighthlunarmonthConfucianismtheAnalectsritual,music,archery,charioteering,calligraphy,andarithmeticRecordsoftheGrandHistorian【TextB】Exercises孔子，姓孔，名丘，字仲尼，是中国古代的思想家、教育家，儒家思想的创始人。孔子生活在距今两千多年的春秋时期，他被奉为万世师表，不仅仅因为他学问大、知识多，他谦虚的学习态度，也是为世人尊崇的重要原因之一。Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.ConfuciuswasathinkerandeducatorinancientChina,andthefounderofConfucianism.HisgivennamewasQiu,andhiscourtesynamewasZhongni.HelivedintheSpringandAutumnPeriodovertwothousandyearsago.Hehasbeenhonoredas“TeacherofAllAges”,notjustbecauseofhisvastlearningandknowledge,butalsoforhismodestattitudetostudy,whichisanimportantreasonforhisworldwiderespect.【TextB】ExercisesDiscussthefollowingquestionsingroupsandthenmakeapresentationbeforeyourclassmates.1.HowdoyouunderstandConfucianisminChinesehistory?2.WhatdoyouknowaboutConfuciusInstitutesabroad?Ⅴ.Oralpractice.LaoziTextCLaoziLaozi,alsocalledLaodan,isthefirstphilosopherofChineseTaoismandtheallegedauthorofTaoTeChing,aprimaryTaoistwriting.Despitehishistoricalimportance,Laoziremainsanobscurefigure.TheprincipalsourceofinformationabouthislifeisabiographyinRecordsoftheGrandHistorianbySimaQian.HesaidthatLaoziwasanativeofKuCountyinthestateofChu.HisfamilynamewasLi,hispropernamewasEr,andhisappellationwasDan.HewasappointedtotheofficeofShiattheroyalcourtoftheZhouDynasty.Shimeans“historian”today,butinancientChina,Shiwasascholarspecializinginmatterssuchasastrologyanddivi