专八改错技巧知识讲解

词法错误句法错误语篇错误Proofreadinganderrorcorrection词法错误冠词名词代词介词及固定搭配形容词和副词的比较结构情态动词用词混淆1、三类常见冠词错误a.冠词误用b.冠词冗余c.冠词缺失出现频率较高!!a.冠词误用09年真题Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifferencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore.thefurtherdifferenceafurtherdifferenceb.冠词冗余2010真题Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos’life.The去掉theLanguage–thelanguagec.冠词缺失2007年真题Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatarewhollyconventional.tolargeextenttoalargeextent2.名词的数paper---paperssafe-safesglass-glasseswood---woodswork---worksfather-in-law---fathers-in-law近年，出现频率较低2004年真题Congressionalinvestigationsneverthelessrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakerstoinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissues.interests---interest3、两类常见代词错误 a.代词误用b.代词冗余出现频率较高a.代词误用2009Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthelittlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,orevengrandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.their---his(2013-7)something---anything(2013-8)b.代词冗余2006Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission---bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).it删除4、介词及固定搭配a.介词误用b.介词冗余c.介词缺失出现频率极高！a.介词误用2008OthersfavoredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglishandmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryoneknows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingthesamelanguageasbefore.at---in(intheend)a.介词误用2006TheEnglishspeakershasinhisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglishspeakers.in---at(atone’sdisposal)a.介词误用2005Anduntiltheywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities,theIvyLeagueschoolscolluded（密谋）tolimitcompetitionforthebeststudents,byagreeingnottoawardscholarshiponthebasisofmeritratherthanpurelyofneed---justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivediscountsontheirbestcustomer.on---to(givediscountsto)2012-5b.介词冗余2010TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnowiftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionsasimportant.as删除（madesuchdistinctionsimportant）2011IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,去掉in;face面对faceup勇敢地面对c.介词缺失2010Thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosaythethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.be后面加as2012-15、形容词和副词的比较结构主要为比较级和最高级误用出现频率较高2006Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience.old---older2003Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,AmericansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts.high---higher6、情态动词Insocialsituations,theclassicIntentionMovementis“thechair-grasp”（抓板凳）.Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime,butnowthehosthasanappointmenttokeepandcangetaway.can---must7、用词混淆a.词义混淆b.词性混用c.其他混淆a.词义混淆2010TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimoslanguage(oneofthosesometimesmis-called‘primitive’)isinherently.further---much或者去掉b.词性混用2003Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,AmericansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts.Europe---Europeanc.其他混淆2010ThisexampledoesnotcometolightadefectinEnglish,ashowofunexpected“primitiveness”.come---bring(bringtolight发现、揭露）词法错误句法错误语篇错误Proofreadinganderrorcorrection句法错误1、时态和语态2、主谓一致3、定语从句和名词性从句4、非谓语动词5、It-句型6、虚拟语气7、倒装1、时态和语态出现频率不高2002Webeginthe“natural”learningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling.went---go2012-42、主谓一致出现频率不高2006…theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,otheotherEnglishspeakers.enables---enable2013-73、定语从句和名词性从句一个常考常新的考点注意点：1）定语从句分限定性和非限定性两种2）关于that和which的区别2008AtthesametimetheUnitedStatessplitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofadifferentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.time后面加上when2007Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatarewhollyconventional.these---those2005Theriseintuitionmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertaintyincreasesthedemandforeducation.fact后面加that4、非谓语动词非谓语动词的三种形式：todo——不定式doing——动名词done——分词考试出现频率极高主要错误：1.句子中出现两个谓语2.动名词与不定式误用3.分词的误用2007Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliestrecordsofancientlanguageshowuslanguageinanewandemergingstate.show---showing2006Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.agreeing---agreed5、It-句型2010Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.There---ItGrammarerrors1.Asmilecanbeobserved,described,andreliablyidentify,anditcanalsobeelicitedandmanipulatedunderexperimentalconditions.2.Amusicalgenius,JohnCageisnotedforhishighlyunconventionalideas,andherespectedforhisunusualcompositionsandperformances.3.Chocolateispreparedbyacomplexprocessofcleaning,blendandroastingcocoabeans,whichmustbegroundandmixedwithsugar.4.Severalmillionpointsonthehumanbodyregisterseithercold,heat,pain,ortouch.5.Inthe1800'sstoreownerssoldeverythingfromaneedletoaplow,trusteveryone,andnevertookinventory.6.Humanbeingsaresocialanimalswhomusuallyprefernottoliveinphysicalorpsychologicalisolation.7.Itestimatedthatonlyaboutthirtypercentofourplanet'ssurfaceconsistsofland.8.Iftelevisionhadbeeninventedathousandyearsago,willnationsbesignificantlymorehomogeneousthantheyarenow?9.TheSt.LawrenceSeaway,whichrunsbetweenBritishColumbiaandNewYork,hascompletedbytheUnitedStatesandCanadain1959.10.Filmdirectorscantakefargreatlibertiesindealingwithconceptsoftime