新译林英语六年级上册语法知识+练习

亲爱的同学们，进入六年级，英语学习的深度和广度都有了新的提升。语法作为语言的骨架，掌握好它能帮助我们更准确、更流利地运用英语进行表达和交流。本文将带你系统梳理新译林英语六年级上册的核心语法知识，并配以针对性练习，希望能助你夯实基础，稳步提升。一、核心语法知识模块（一）一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)的深化与运用一般现在时不仅仅是描述经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，在本册中，我们更要关注其在第三人称单数作主语时的动词变化规则，以及它所蕴含的客观真理或事实的表达。1.功能：*表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。*表示客观事实或普遍真理。*在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作（主将从现）。2.构成与用法：*主语+动词原形(当主语为第一、二人称单复数及第三人称复数时)*例句：Igotoschooleveryday.Theylikeplayingfootball.*主语+动词的第三人称单数形式(当主语为第三人称单数时)*动词第三人称单数变化规则：*一般情况下，直接加-s(如：play-plays,eat-eats)。*以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词，加-es(如：watch-watches,wash-washes,go-goes,do-does)。*以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es(如：study-studies,fly-flies)。*不规则变化(如：have-has,do-does,go-goes)。*例句：HewatchesTVintheevening.Mymothergoestoworkbybus.TheEarthgoesaroundtheSun.（二）一般过去时(SimplePastTense)六年级上册将系统学习一般过去时，用于描述过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。1.功能：表示过去某个时间点或时间段发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago,justnow等。2.构成与用法：*be动词的过去式：am/is-was;are-were。*例句：Iwasathomeyesterday.Theywerehappylastnight.*实义动词的过去式：*规则变化：*一般情况下，在动词词尾加-ed(如：play-played,walk-walked)。*以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，加-d(如：like-liked,live-lived)。*以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母(重读闭音节)结尾的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed(如：stop-stopped,shop-shopped)。*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed(如：study-studied,cry-cried)。*不规则变化：需要特殊记忆，如：go-went,eat-ate,see-saw,do-did,take-took,have-had等。*例句：Iplayedbasketballwithmyfriendsyesterday.ShewenttotheparklastSunday.3.否定句和疑问句：*含be动词：在was/were后加not(wasn't/weren't)；将was/were提到句首。*含实义动词：借助助动词did，否定句为didn't+动词原形；疑问句为Did+主语+动词原形。（三）一般将来时(SimpleFutureTense)-begoingto结构表示计划、打算要做的事情，或根据迹象判断即将发生的事情。1.功能：表示计划、打算、准备做某事；或有迹象表明即将发生某事。2.构成：主语+be(am/is/are)goingto+动词原形+其他。*例句：Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparentstomorrow.Itisgoingtorain.Theyaregoingtoplayfootballafterschool.3.否定句：在be动词后加not。*例句：Iamnotgoingtoswim.4.疑问句：将be动词提到句首。*例句：Areyougoingtothecinema?（四）情态动词can,may,must的用法1.can：表示“能，会”（能力）；“可以”（许可，口语中常用）。*否定式：cannot(can't)。*疑问式：Can+主语+动词原形?2.may：表示“可以”（许可，比can更正式）；“可能”（推测）。*例句：Youmaygonow.Itmaybecoldtomorrow.*否定式：maynot。*疑问式：May+主语+动词原形?(回答用Yes,youmay./No,youmustn't./No,youcan't.)3.must：表示“必须，应该”（强调主观义务）。*例句：Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.Wemustobeytherules.*否定式：mustnot(mustn't)表示“禁止”。*疑问式：Must+主语+动词原形?(否定回答常用needn't或don'thaveto，表示“不必”。)（五）人称代词、物主代词1.人称代词：表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”等，分为主格和宾格。*主格(作主语)：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they.*宾格(作宾语)：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them.*例句：Heismyfriend.Ilikehim.2.物主代词：表示“……的”，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。*形容词性物主代词(后接名词)：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their.*名词性物主代词(后不接名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”)：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.*例句：Thisismybook.(形容词性)Thebookismine.(名词性)（六）介词(Prepositions)重点掌握表示时间、地点的常用介词。1.时间介词：*in：用于年、月、季节、泛指的上午/下午/晚上。如：in2023,inOctober,inspring,inthemorning.*on：用于具体某一天（日期、星期几、节日）或具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上。如：onMonday,onOctober1st,onChildren'sDay,onacoldmorning.*at：用于具体时刻、钟点前，以及某些固定搭配。如：atsixo'clock,atnoon,atnight,attheweekend.2.地点介词：in,on,under,behind,beside,between,infrontof,near,nextto等。*例句：Thecatisonthedesk.Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.二、实战演练练习一：用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Myfatherusually______(read)newspapersintheevening.Butyesterdayhe______(watch)TV.2.Look!Thechildren______(play)footballintheplayground.They______(play)basketballyesterdayafternoon.3.I______(be)astudent.Mybrother______(be)ateacher.He______(teach)Maths.4.She______(can)singwell.Butshe______(cannot)dancelastyear.Nowshe______(learn)todance.5.They______(begoingto)visittheGreatWallnextsummerholiday.6.Thisis______(I)pen.______(you)isonthedesk.7.We______(must)listentotheteachercarefullyinclass.8.What______you______(do)lastSunday?I______(go)shoppingwithmymother.练习二：选择正确的答案。1.He______toschoolbybikeeveryday.A.goB.goesC.went2.______youathomeyesterday?A.AreB.WasC.Were3.I______afilmtomorrow.A.seeB.amgoingtoseeC.saw4.______Iborrowyourbook?Sure,hereyouare.A.MustB.ShouldC.May5.Mysister______Englishverywell.A.speakB.speaksC.spoke6.There______alotofpeopleintheparklastSunday.A.areB.wasC.were7.Thisisnot______bag.______isblue.A.my;MyB.mine;MyC.my;Mine8.Weusuallyhavelunch______12o'clock.A.inB.onC.at练习三：按要求改写句子。1.Tomplaysbasketballeveryafternoon.(改为一般过去时)Tom______basketballyesterdayafternoon.2.TheyaregoingtohaveapicnicnextSaturday.(改为否定句)They________________________apicnicnextSaturday.3.Hecanswimfast.(改为一般疑问句)______he______fast?4.Iwasinthelibraryjustnow.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)____________inthelibraryjustnow?No,I______.5.Thecatisunderthechair.(对划线部分提问)____________thecat?三、参考答案练习一：1.reads,watched2.areplaying,played3.am,is,teaches4.can,couldn't/couldnot,islearning5.aregoingto6