人教版高一英语必修一unit4 课文翻译和知识点详解

各位同学，大家好！今天我们一同走进人教版高一英语必修一的第四单元。这个单元围绕着“自然灾害”这一主题展开，通过生动的课文内容，不仅能让我们了解不同类型自然灾害的特点与影响，更能学习到相关的英语表达和实用语法知识。下面，我将带领大家对本单元的核心课文进行翻译，并对其中的重点知识点进行细致解析，希望能帮助同学们更好地理解和掌握本单元的内容。课文翻译（说明：由于教材版本及具体课文篇目可能存在细微差异，此处以单元内一篇典型的、围绕自然灾害展开的叙事性或说明性课文为例进行翻译。请同学们对照自己手中的教材进行学习。）（假设课文标题为"ANighttheEarthDidn'tSleep"或类似主题的文章片段）段落一原文：StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide,andfishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.参考译文：河北省东北部的农村地区正发生着一些奇怪的事情。几天来，村里水井里的水位忽升忽降，反复无常。井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。老鼠从田地里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼儿则跳出鱼缸和池塘。在某年七月二十八日凌晨三点左右，一些人看到了天空中出现明亮的光。即使天空中没有飞机，唐山市外也能听到飞机的轰鸣声。在市内，一些建筑物的水管破裂爆裂。但是，这座城市的百万居民，对这些现象都没太在意，那天晚上仍像往常一样沉睡。段落二原文：At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethanfortythousand.参考译文：凌晨三点四十二分，一切都开始摇晃起来。仿佛世界末日已经来临！在城市正下方十一公里处，二十世纪最致命的地震之一爆发了。远在两百多公里外的北京都有震感。全国三分之一的地区都能感觉到这次地震。一条长达八公里、宽三十米的巨大裂缝横穿过房屋、道路和运河。地面的裂口处喷发出蒸汽。坚硬的岩石山变成了泥土流。在可怕的十五秒钟内，一座大城市就沦为了一片废墟。人们遭受的苦难极为深重。三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。成千上万的家庭支离破碎，许多孩子变成了孤儿。伤亡人数超过了四万。段落三原文：Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortraveling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.参考译文：但是，幸存者们如何能相信这是天灾呢？他们目之所及，几乎一切都被摧毁了。城市里所有的医院、75%的工厂和建筑物以及90%的房屋都不复存在了。砖块像红色的秋叶一样铺满了地面，然而，没有风能将它们吹走。两座大坝坍塌了，大多数桥梁也要么倒塌，要么变得不再安全，无法通行。铁轨变成了一堆堆无用的废钢。成千上万的奶牛再也不能产奶了。五十万头猪和数百万只鸡都死了。井里填满了沙子，而不是水。人们都惊呆了。接着，在那天下午晚些时候，又一场几乎和第一次一样强烈的大地震袭击了唐山。一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟之下。更多的建筑物倒塌了。水、食物和电力都难以获得。人们开始怀疑这场灾难将会持续多久。段落四原文：Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.参考译文：并非所有的希望都破灭了。地震发生后不久，军队派遣了十五万名士兵前往唐山协助救援人员。数十万群众得到了救助。军队组织了小分队，负责挖掘被困者并掩埋死者。在城市的北部，一万名矿工中的大多数人从煤矿中被救出。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者搭建了避难所。火车、卡车和飞机将淡水运往这座城市。渐渐地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。知识点详解一、重点词汇(KeyVocabulary)1.disaster(n.)灾难，灾祸*课文原句：Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.*用法：指造成巨大破坏或损失的严重事件，如地震、洪水等。*拓展：naturaldisaster自然灾害；disasterarea灾区。2.earthquake(n.)地震*课文原句：...oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.*相关表达：quake(n.口语中地震)；aftershock(n.余震)。3.shake(v.)(使)摇晃；震动(shook,shaken)*课文原句：At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.*用法：可作及物动词或不及物动词。*Thegroundshookunderourfeet.(地面在我们脚下震动。)*Sheshookherheadindisbelief.(她怀疑地摇了摇头。)*名词形式：shaking(n.摇晃，震动)。4.ruin(n.)[pl.]废墟；毁灭(v.)毁灭，使破产*课文原句：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.*固定搭配：lieinruins沦为废墟*动词用法：Thestormruinedourplans.(暴风雨打乱了我们的计划。)5.injure(v.)伤害，损害*课文原句：Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethanfortythousand.*辨析：injure,hurt,wound*injure：通常指意外事故造成的伤害，可用于人或物。*hurt：可指肉体上的疼痛，也可指情感上的伤害。*wound：主要指战斗、袭击等造成的外伤，尤指刀伤、枪伤。*名词形式：injury(n.伤害，损伤)。6.survivor(n.)幸存者*课文原句：Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?*动词形式：survive(v.幸存，生还；比……活得长)*Shesurvivedthecaraccident.(她在车祸中幸存下来。)7.destroy(v.)破坏，毁坏*课文原句：Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.*辨析：destroy,damage*destroy：强调彻底破坏，无法修复。*damage：指部分损坏，程度较轻，可能修复。*名词形式：destruction(n.破坏，毁灭)。8.rescue(v.&n.)营救，救援*课文原句：Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.*用法：*Theyrescuedtheboyfromtheburninghouse.(他们从着火的房子里救出了那个男孩。)*Therescueteamarrivedjustintime.(救援队及时赶到了。)9.trap(v.)使陷入困境；捕捉(n.)陷阱；困境*课文原句：Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.*用法：betrappedin/under...被困在……*Hewastrappedintheliftforanhour.(他被困在电梯里一个小时。)10.shelter(n.)避难所；住所(v.)躲避，庇护*课文原句：Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.*用法：*seekshelterfromtherain找地方避雨*Thecaveshelteredusfromthestorm.(这个山洞保护我们免受暴风雨袭击。)二、重点短语(KeyPhrases)1.rightaway立刻，马上*课文原句（隐含）：人们需要立刻得到帮助。*同义短语：atonce,immediately*例句：Ifyouhaveafever,youshouldgotoseeadoctorrightaway.2.asif/asthough仿佛，好像*课文原句：Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!*用法：引导表语从句或方式状语从句，从句中常用虚拟语气表示与事实不符的情况。*Hetalksasifhekneweverything.(他说起话来好像什么都知道似的。)3.atanend结束，终结*课文原句：Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!*例句：Themeetingwasatanendatteno'clock.4.inruins严重受损，破败不堪*课文原句：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.*例句：Afterthewar,thevillagewasinruins.5.digout挖掘出；发现*课文原句：Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.*例句：Theydugoutsomeoldphotosfromthebox.6.a(great)numberof许多，大量*课文原句：Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethanfortythousand.*辨析：*anumberof+可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。*thenumberof+可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数（指“……的数量”）。*例句：Anumberofstudentsareplayingontheplayground.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassisfifty.7.thinklittleof不重视，不假思索，认为……没什么了不起*课文原句：Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.*相关短语：thinkhighly/muchof高度评价；thinkpoorly/littleof轻视，认为不好8.insteadof代替，而不是*课文原句：Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.*用法：insteadof后可接名词、代词、动名词、形容词、介词短语等。*例句：Iwillgoinsteadofyou./Hestayedathomeinsteadofgoingout.三、重点句型与语法(KeySentencePatternsandGrammar)1.强调句"Itwas...that/who..."*课文原句：ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.(此句为普通陈述句，但其结构可用于理解强调句。)*强调句基本结构：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。*强调主语：ItwasTomthat/whobrokethewindow.*强调宾语：ItwasthewindowthatTombroke.*强调状语：ItwasyesterdaythatTombrokethewindow.*（说明：本单元课文中虽未直接出现典型的强调句，但该语法点是本单元或高中阶段的重点，常结合自然灾害等语境进行练习。）2.定语从句(AttributiveClauses)*课文中大量运用了定语从句，修饰先行词。*One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacross...(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词crack，在从句中作主语)*Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethanfortythousand.(who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语)*Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.(whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词survivors，在从句中作定语，表示“……的”)*Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.(which引导定语从句，修饰先行词quake，在从句中作主语)*学习重点：关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose的用法及区别。3."how+形容词/副词"引导的宾语从句*课文原句：Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.*用法：howlong表示“多久，多长时间”，在句中作状语，引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。*拓展：howfar(多远),