高级财务会计（英文版第13版）课件 第15章 分部与中期财务报告

AdvancedAccountingThirteenthEditionChapter15SegmentandInterimFinancialReportingCopyright©2018,2015,20012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReservedSegmentandInterimFinancialReporting:Objectives(1of2)15.1Understandhowfirmsusethemanagementapproachto

identifypotentiallyreportableoperatingsegments.15.2Applythethresholdteststoidentifyreportableoperating

segments:therevenuetest,theassettest,andthe

operating-profittest.15.3Determinethereportingofanyadditionalsegmentsusing

the75percentexternal-revenuetest.15.4Understandthetypesofdisclosureinformationforsegments

andthereasonsthatthelevelsofdisclosuremayvary

acrosscompanies.SegmentandInterimFinancialReporting:Objectives(2of2)15.5Understandwhatsegmentdisclosuresarereconciledtothe

consolidatedamounts.15.6Knowtherequiredenterprise-widedisclosureswithrespect

toproductsandservices,geographicareasofoperation,and

majorcustomers.15.7

Understandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthereporting

ofoperationsinaninterimversusanannualreporting

period.15.8

Computeinterim-periodincometaxexpense.ReportableOperatingSegmentsSegmentandInterimFinancialReportingOperatingSegmentsAccordingtoGAAP,companiesthathavepubliclytradeddebtorequityinstrumentsmustreportontheirbusinesssegments.Reportingisbasedonthestructureusedbymanagementtomakedecisionsorevaluateperformance.Forexample,ifthecompany’sinternalreportingandevaluationsystemisgeographicallybased,thesegmentreportingisgeographicallybased.iftheinternalreportingandevaluationsystemisproduct-linebased,thesegmentreportingisproduct-linebased.OperatingSegment(definition)AcomponentofabusinessenterpriseEngagesinbusinessactivitiesRevenuesandexpensestrackedIntercompanyamountsincludedOperatingresultsarereviewedbychiefoperatingdecisionmakerDiscretefinancialinformationisavailableExcludespensionandpost-retirementplans,andgeneralcorporateheadquartersCombiningSegmentsSegmentswithsimilareconomiccharacteristicsmaybecombined.ProductsandservicesProductionprocessesClassesofcustomersDistributionsystemsRegulatoryenvironment,ifapplicableThresholdTestsSegmentandInterimFinancialReportingReportableSegmentsOperatingsegmentsarereportableandmaterialifanyoneofthethreethresholdtestsaremet.10%Revenuetest10%Profitorlosstest10%AssettestSegmentsnotmeetinganyofthethreetestsarecombinedintoone"allother"category.The75%Externalrevenuetestisanadditionaltesttoidentifysufficientnumberofreportablesegments.10%RevenueTestSegmentreportedrevenue,includingintersegmentrevenues,is10%ormoreofthecombinedrevenueofalloperatingsegments.Combinedincludes"allother"categoryIntersegmentrevenuesarenoteliminatedsothatcombinedrevenuemaybe>consolidatedrevenue.Example:10%RevenueTest

BlankOperatingsegmentrevenueIntersegmentrevenueTotalsegmentrevenueReportable?Transportation$360$0$360YesOilrefining405480885YesInsurance9520115NoFinance1400140NoTotal$1,000$500$1,500

BlankAsegmentisreportableifitstotalrevenue≥10%ofcombinedsegmentrevenue.Threshold=10%(1,500)=$150Transportation($360)andOilrefining($885)arereportablesegments.10%AssetTestSegmentassetsare10%ormoreofcombinedassetsofalloperatingsegments.Combinedincludes"allother"Usethesegment'sidentifiableassetsGeneralcorporateassetsMaybeexcludedorincludedConsiderorganizationofassetsfordecision-makingpurposesCombinedassetsofsegmentsmaybelessthantotalcorporateassets.Example:10%AssetTest

BlankOperatingsegment'sidentifiableassetsReportable?Transportation$700YesOilrefining950YesInsurance180NoFinance1,170YesTotal$3,000

BlankAsegmentisreportableifitsidentifiableassets≥10%ofcombinedsegmentassets.Threshold=10%(3,000)=$300Transportation,Oilrefining,andFinancearereportablesegments.10%ProfitorLossTestTheabsolutevalueofthesegment'sreportableprofitorlossis10%ormoreofthegreaterof:Thecombinedreportedprofitofallsegmentsreportingprofits,orTheabsolutevalueofthecombinedreportedlossesofallsegmentsreportinglosses.OperatingsegmentprofitorlossIsnotdefinedbyGAAPIsbasedonthecalculationusedbymanagementfordecisionmakingMayincludeorexcludecommonrevenuesandcostsExample:10%ProfitorLossTestSeparateprofitableandunprofitablesegments

BlankSegmentoperatingprofitSegmentoperatinglossReportable?Transportation

Blank(100)YesOilrefining200

BlankYesInsurance20

BlankNoFinance50

BlankYesTotal270(100)

BlankAreportablesegment's|profitorloss|≥10%ofthegreaterof|combinedprofitsorcombinedlosses|.$270isgreaterthan$100.Threshold=10%(270)=$27.Transportation,Oilrefining,andFinancearereportablesegments.TestsforAdditionalSegmentsSegmentandInterimFinancialReporting75%ExternalRevenueTestGAAPdoesnotspecifythenumberofsegmentsthatmustbereported;however,theexternalrevenueofreportablesegmentsmustbeatleast75%ofthetotalconsolidatedrevenue.ExcludeintersegmentrevenuesAddothersegmentsuntilthe75%testismetSegmentsaretypicallyaggregatedsothattherearenotmorethantenseparatesegmentsreported.PreliminarySegmentTestResults:ExampleBasedonthe10%revenues,10%assets,10%profitandlosstests:ThreereportablesegmentsTransportationOilrefiningFinanceOnenon-reportablesegmentwhichbecomes"allother"InsuranceNow,checktoseeifthethreeareenough!75%ExternalRevenue:ExampleNowweexaminetheoperatingsegmentrevenuewithoutintersegmentsalesdata.Havesufficientsegmentsbeenidentified?Threshold=75%(1,000)=$750$360+405+140>$750…Yes!

BlankOperatingsegmentrevenueIntersegmentrevenueTotalsegmentrevenueReportable?Transportation$360$0$360YesOil

refining405480885YesInsurance9520115NoFinance1400140NoTotal$1,000$500$1,500

BlankSegmentDisclosuresSegmentandInterimFinancialReportingReportableSegmentDisclosures(1of2)ProfitorlossTotalassetsRevenuefromexternalcustomersRevenuefromotheroperatingsegmentsInterestincomeandexpenseDepreciationandamortizationexpenseUnusualitemsIncomefromequitymethodinvestmentsIncometaxexpenseorbenefitExtraordinaryitemsSignificantnoncashitemsotherthandepreciationReportableSegmentDisclosures(2of2)Remember:GAAPisdependingonthecompany’schiefoperatingdecisionmakertodeterminethemostusefulinformation.Whateverdataisrequiredinternallywillalsobeusedforexternaldisclosures.However,thecompanyallocatingexpensesamongtheoperatingsegmentsshouldbecontinuedforexternalsegmentdisclosurepurposes.ReconcilingSegmentstoConsolidatedAmountsSegmentandInterimFinancialReportingReconciliations(1of2)Reconciliationschedulesshouldbeprovidedtoexplainthedifferencebetweensegmentamountsandconsolidatedtotalsfor:ReportablesegmentrevenuetoconsolidatedrevenueIntersegmentrevenuesReportablesegmentprofitandlosstoconsolidatedincomebeforetaxesIntersegmentrevenues,expenses,andcommonorallocatedcostsReconciliations(2of2)ReportablesegmentassetstoconsolidatedassetsCorporateassetsIfothersignificantinformationisdisclosed,reconcilethesegmentamountswithconsolidatedamountsforeachitem.Enterprise-WideDisclosuresSegmentandInterimFinancialReportingAdditionalDisclosures(1of2)Additionalenterprise-widedisclosuresarerequiredifnotalreadyreportedwithsegmentinformationProductsandservicesRevenuesbyproduct/productline,serviceGeographicinformationRevenuesandfixedassetsDomesticandforeignAndif>10%,thespecificcountrymustbedisclosedAdditionalDisclosures(2of2)MajorcustomersCustomerrevenues>10%TotalRevenuesSegmentwhichhasthoserevenuesNotrequired:customeridentityInterimFinancialReportingSegmentandInterimFinancialReportingAccountingforInterimPeriods Areinterimreports“stand-alone”periods,oranintegralpartoftheannualperiod?GAAPhasconcludedthataninterimperiodisanintegralpartofthewhole,andshouldbebasedonthesameaccountingprinciplesandpracticesusedintheannualfinancialstatements.ProductCostModificationsCompaniesthatdetermineCostofGoodsSoldviaaphysicalinventorymayusetheGrossProfitmethodforinterimperiods.LIFOinventorylayersthatareliquidatedinaninterimperiodmaybeexpensedatcurrentcostifthelayerwillbereplacedbyyearend.Inventorymarketdeclinesarenotrequiredtoberecordedifthedeclineistemporary.Variancesunderastandardcostsystemthatareexpectedtobeabsorbedbyyearendmaybedeferredattheinterimdate.OtherInterimModificationsAnnualexpensesmaybeallocated,suchaspropertytaxesormajorannualrepairs.Advertisingexpensesmaybedeferredtolaterinterimperiodsifthebenefitsclearlyapply.Incometaxesfromcontinuingoperationsuseanestimatedeffectiveannualtaxrate.Incometaxesonunusual,infrequent,andotheritemsarecalculatedseparatelyandincludedintheinterimperiodcontainingthatitem.Interim-PeriodIncomeTaxesSegmentandInterimFinancialReportingEstimatedAnnualEffectiveTaxRate Ifexpectedannualtaxableincome=$100,000Taxes=$22,250Effectivetaxrate=22,250/120,000=22.5%The22.5%rateisusedforallfourquarters.IfTaxableIncomeIs:blank

BlankTheTaxIs:

BlankOverButNotOverPay+ExcessOftheAmountOver$0$50,000

Blank

Blank15%$050,000