《逐步瓦解父权制：艺术女权主义和数字技术》(第十一章)翻译报告

iChapterOneIntroductionBackgroundoftheTranslationProjectVideogameshaveasubtlebutpowerfulinfluenceonculturalvalueswithinsociety.Inanagewherevideogameshavebecomepartofmainstreampopularcultureandentertainment,theportrayalofwomenwithinthesevirtualspacesnotonlymirrorsindividualisticviewsbygamedesignersbutisalsoreflectiveofwidersociety'sattitudestowardswomen.(Luo,L.,2023)InAfrica,incountriessuchasCameroon,Nigeria,andSouthAfrica,gamedevelopmentpickedupfromwheremainstreamgamesinothercountrieswereleavingoff,unearthingnewculturalhistories.InAmerica,withfeministgamedesignerssuchasBrendaRomero,AnnaAnthropy,andMaryFlanaganemergingtomaketheirvoicesheard,aswomenfloodedintothegamingworldingreaternumbers,videogameshaveevolvedfrombeingintenselymale-dominatedcombatgamestomorecontemporary,diversegames.Thesedesigners,operatingfromwithintheprinciplesoffemininity,subvertedstereotypesconstructedbycommercialgamesthatdepictedwomeninzweiterolesorinsexualizedstates,andinsteadproducedgamesprojectingdifferingidentitiessuchasthatofqueersandtransindividuals.Videogameswerethusredefinedbythembyutilizingdigitalcomputingasameanstoattemptsocialcritiqueasmuchastoelicitemotions.Asvideogamecreationbecomesmoreaccessibletowiderusewithopen-sourcesoftwareandindependentplatforms,morepeopleareenteringthegamedevelopmentscene,increasinglymakingitmoregender-balanced,allowingforthisgenerationofgamecreatorsinChinaandgloballytochallengepatriarchalconventionsandbringaboutmoreequitablegaming.Thecontextofthestudyillustratestheoverlapinvideogames,digitaltechnologyandfeministthought,andtherolethatwell-knownartistsanddesignershaveplayedinthereformofthevideogamefield.Theinfluenceoffeministthoughtonvideogameshasbeensignificant,andtheiractiveparticipationwillcreateanincreasinglydiverseandegalitariangamingculture.SignificanceoftheTranslationProjectThevalueinthistranslationprojectisthatitaddstotheexpandingcorpusofacademicallygroundedworkthatintersectsfeminist,digital,andaestheticdomains,withanespecialemphasisonvideogamesintheseoverlappingareas.Thetranslationexaminesthesocialandculturalsignificanceofdigitalgames,situatingthemasbothanentertainmentmediumandoneinwhichsocialconcernslikeequality,identity,andrepresentationmightbetackled.Asvideogameshavebecomeincreasinglyimpactfulacrosstheworld,andasChina'sexpansionbothasconsumerandproducerofdigitalmaterialhasaccelerated,thistranslationprojectistomakeuseofthefeministcritiqueofvideogamestohighlighttheirabilityasanagencyforsocialtransformation.Thisprojectdemonstrateshowfeministprinciplesaremanifestedinthedigitalageandvideogamedesign.Throughthistranslation,thetranslatorwasexposedtogendertheoriesrelatedtodigitaltechnologythatwerenotencounteredindailylife.Andmakethetranslatorstarttothinkabouthowtoapplythesedebatestootherculturalbackgrounds.TheimportanceoftranslationisalsoreflectedinitsfemalediscourseintheChinesegamingfield,formingamorediversegamedesignandgameconsumptioninChina.Asawhole,thistranslationprojectismorethananacademicundertakingtobringimpactfulfeministvoicestothediscussionondigitaltechnologybutisalsopartofthegreaterefforttowardsdismantlingpatriarchalsystemsindigitalartsandmediatobringaboutmorediverse,morebalancedrepresentationsintheinternationalgamingcommunity.StructureoftheTranslationReportThistranslationreportiscomposedoffivemainchapters.Chapter1analysesthebackground,significanceandtextstructureofthetranslationreport.Chapter2outlinestheauthorship,thematicfocus,andlinguisticfeaturesofthesourcetext.Chapter3summarizesthetranslator'stranslationworkflow,includingpre-translationpreparation,translationprocess,andpost-translationrevision.Chapter4analyzesthethreemajortranslationdifficultiesencounteredbythetranslator,includingterminology,syntax,andcoherenceofthetranslationandthecorrespondingtranslationmethodsadopted.Chapter5summarizesthetranslator'sgains,aswellasthelimitationsofthistranslationandthoughtsonthefuturedevelopmentofthetranslator'stranslation.

ChapterTwoAnalysisoftheSourceTextBriefIntroductiontotheAuthorJudithK.Brodskyisanartist,scholarandadvocate.Shecarriesoutalargenumberofpracticesandadvocatedthedisintegrationofthepatriarchalsystemthroughartandeducation.Sheisapioneerofthefeministartmovement.Brodskylinkshermultiplerolesasaprintmaker,educatorandorganizertopromotegenderequality.Brodskyisaco-founderoftheBrodskyCenteratRutgersUniversity(formerlytheRutgersCenterforInnovativePrintingandPaper),aninstitutiondedicatedtoamplifyingmarginalizedvoices,includingthoseofwomenandnon-binarygroups.Throughwritingandteaching,sheconstantlyemphasizesthatculturalproductionbringsaboutsocialchanges.SheisanhonoraryretireerofRutgersUniversity,butshestillinspiresalargenumberofemergingartistsandrepresentsartasanagentofsocialjusticeMainContentoftheSourceTextTheoriginalarticleOutlinesthecauseandfirmbeliefthatJudithK.Brodskyoncepursued,thatis,art,educationandcommunityworkcanweakenthedeeplyrootedpatriarchalsysteminsociety.Shehasspokeninvariousworks,speechesandevents,conveyingthatartcanbreakthepatriarchalconcept.Bystimulatingintensedialogues,itencouragesthepublictosubvertgendertraditionsandenablesthemassestohearvoicesthatareusuallyinaudible.Andthisgrandgoalrequiresthejointeffortsofpeoplefromtheentiresociety.LinguisticFeaturesoftheSourceTextThediscourseshowsanarrayofsophisticatedlinguisticfeaturesthatcorrespondtobothitsacademicbackgroundandtoitsfeministideologicalorientation.Thetranslatorwillanalyzethevocabulary,syntaxanddiscoursefeaturesoftheoriginaltextinsequence.Alloftheauthor'slinguisticexpressionsconveyherideologyandmainideas.Theauthorextensivelycitesandintroducessomeofthefoundationalfeministtheoriesandthecontextofdigitalculturaldevelopment.Forexample,“thedominantmachoviewinpatriarchalsocieties”containsmultipleideologicalpositionsinonesentence.Anotherexampleisthatproprietarynamessuchas“Gamergate,”“MIT,”and“TheSIMS”areassociatedwith“microchips”,“mainframe”,“3Danimation”andotherspecializedtermsatthesametime.Thiscreatesalexicalproblemintranslation,requiringthetranslatortomaintainboththecorrectnessoftheterminologyandtheconnotativedensityoftheoriginalterminology.Syntactically,thewritingischaracterizedbylengthy,information-richsentencesthattendtohavemultipledependentclausesandparticipialconstructions.Thefollowingsentenceisanexample:“Bydoingthis,theschool,andsuchothers,werereinforcingtheinterfusionbetweendigitaltechnologyandpatriarchal,masculinist,andcapitalistvalues.”Throughuseofpassiveconstructionandcoordinatedadjectives(patriarchal,masculinist,andcapitalist),rhetoricalforceisaddedwithoutmakingtheinstitutionalactorovert.Inaddition,appositiveconstructionsandrelativeclausestendtobeusedbytheauthor,suchas:“Romerodevelopedthedesignfornumeroushitgamesandbecameapioneerinchallengingthestereotypesofwomeninshooterandpornographyvideogames.”Notonlydothesecomplexsentenceconstructionsaddprecision,butalsoemphasizelogicalprogressionindensearguments.Intranslation,caremustbeexercisedtorestructuretoavoidobfuscationattheexpenseoforiginalsophistication.Atthediscourselevel,thewritingisstructuredthematicallyandchronologically,balancingexpositionontheoreticalmatterswithanecdotalevidenceintheformofcasestudiesandnarrativeexamples.Thechapteronvideogames,forexample,openswithanhistoricalaccountofthemedium’smilitarybeginningsandbuildsovertowardanaccountthatisincreasinglyfeministinitsreading.Thediscourseisadvancedthroughclearlysignpostedtransitionssuchas“However,”“Furthermore,”“Itisusefultolookat…,”and“Bytheendoftheseconddecade…,”whichorganizereaderunderstanding.Theuseofnamedagents—CarolShaw,RobertaWilliams,AnitaSarkeesian—groundsabstractargumentsinsettledsocialfacts,producinganamalgamofacademicanalysisandjournalism.Theuseofevaluativediscoursemarkersmitigatestheendpointsofspeechandpromptsthereadertoreflect.Theserhetoricaltoolsdemonstratetheauthor'swriting.Thetranslatorhastopreservethiswritinglanguagestylewhentranslating,isthestyleofwritingisnotdistortedinordertoreproducethedialogoftheworktothereader.Fromtheseperspectives,theoriginaltextischaracterizedbyarigorousvocabularyandarichtheory,asitisrichinalargenumberofspecializedvocabularies,quotesalargeamountofspecializedtheoreticalknowledge,hasacomplexsentencestructure,hasaclearhierarchyofdiscourse,andtakesupalargepartoftherhetoric.Allthefeaturescombinedtogethervividlyexpressthechallengesoffeminisminthefieldofnewmediaandgames,andpresentagreatchallengeandopportunityfortranslatortotranslatethiswork.

ChapterThreeDescriptionoftheSourceTextPre-translationThetranslatorchoosesthisbookbecausethetranslatorisveryinterestedinthefieldsofart,feminismandgames.Asthesayinggoes,interestisthebestteacher.Thetranslatorhasalongdesiretolearnaboutthesethreefields.Itjustsohappensthatthisworkcoversallthreefieldsofspecializationandisdevelopedfromanintersectionalperspective.Thetranslationtoolsforthisprojectcomprisebothtranslationcomputersoftwareandreferencebooks.Duetothecomplexityofdiscourseinthetext,whichentailssophisticateddiscussiononmattersoffeminism,digitaltechnology,andvideogames,SDLTradosisthemaintranslationsoftwareused.SDLTradosisacomputer-aidedtranslationtool.Itsoriginator,TradosGmbH,wasestablishedin1984byJochenHummelandIkoKnyphausenasanLSPinStuttgart,Germany.(Gön,M.,&Ersoy,H.136-137)ismostideallysuitedforthisprojectbecauseitcanmanagelargevolumesoftext,segmentitinwaysthatareeasytomanage,andensuretermconsistencyintranslationthroughout.ByimportingtheoriginaltextinTrados,itautomaticallybreaksdownthetextintermsofsentencesandparagraphstomakeitsimplertohavecoherenceintranslationandavoidomissions.Incaseswhereincidencesoffrequenttermssuchasthoserelatedtofeminism,gaming,ordigitaltechnologyarise,aterminologydatabasewillalsobecreatedforuniformtranslationofsuchcrucialterms.ThetranslatormainlyutilizestheSDLTradostoolandalsoactivelyexploressomeonlinereferencetoolstoassistintranslatingsomemoredifficultandunfamiliarvideogames,feministtheoriesanddigitaltechnologyterms.ThetranslatoralsoreferstotheOxfordEnglishDictionaryandotherfeministacademicglossariesproducedbyothertranslatorsandpublishedontheInternet.Inaddition,thetranslatorhasalsocollectedalargenumberofreferencearticles,academicpapersandrelatedexistingtranslations.Factshaveprovedthatparalleltextsarecrucialforunderstandingthetermsinfeministdiscourseandintheoriginalmaterials.Throughthesetranslationtools,notonlyaccuratelanguageresultscanbeobtained,butalsoimportantfeministprecisioncanberetained.While-translationAftercompletingthepreparationsforthetranslation,thetranslatorbeginsthetranslationprocess.Thefirststepintranslationincludesreadingthesourcetextandformingacomprehensiveunderstandingofthecontent,structureandtoneoftheoriginaltext.Alloftheabovestepsareessentialbecausethesourcetextcoversmultiplecross-cutareas,includingfeminism,digitaltechnologyandgaming,eachwithitsownprofessionalvocabularyandculturalbackground.Bybeingfamiliarwiththeholisticsourcetext,thetranslatorcanbefaithfultothesourcetextwhileadaptingtothetargetlanguageandremaincoherent.Thetranslatorthenpaysspecialattentiontothetranslationoftheselectedexcerpts,scrutinizingtherelevantpartsoftheselectedbook.Thetranslatorgraspsthewritingstyleofthesourcetext,combiningacademicanalysiswithcitingpracticalexamples.Thesourcetextblendstheorywithsocialcriticism,andthisstyleofwritingrequiresthetranslatortobalancetheclarityandnaturalnessoftheEnglishtranslationwhilemaintainingtheoriginalmeaning.Duringthetranslationprocess,manytranslatorsoftenaccumulatetheirownterminologydatabasesormakeuseofready-madeandwell-organizedterminologydatabases.So,whentranslatingthisarticle,thetranslatoralsoestablishesaprojectterminologydatabasebyusingterminologydatabaseplatformssuchastrados.Theterminologydatabasecanenhancethetranslationefficiencyofthetranslatorintranslatingtermsrelatedtovideogamesandfeministtheoryandensuretheconsistencyofthesetermsthroughoutthetext.Inordertodealwiththechallengesrelatedtoterms,longanddifficultsentences,andculturaladaptation,thetranslatorhasalwaysmaintainedthelogicoftheoriginaltextwhiledividinglongsentencesintomanageablesegments,adoptingvarioustranslationmethodstoadjustthelogicofthearticle,andmodifyingthesentencestructurewhennecessary,especiallywhentranslatingthesentencepatternsintheoriginaltextintounnaturalChinesegrammar.Whenawordorculturalconceptisdifficulttounderstand,thetranslatorwilldomultiplechecksandmarkitforsubsequentchecking.Becauseamajorfocusofthebook'sdiscourserelatestogender,translatinggender-relatedterminologyrequirescarefuldeliberationtoensurethatthetranslationisnotonlyaccurate,butalsoconsistentwithcontemporaryfeministdiscourse.ThetranslatorwillconsultalargenumberofparalleltextsandscholarlysourcestodeterminethecommonlyusedChinesetranslation.Post-translationTranslationisalongprocessthatrequirestimeanddedication.Thetranslatormustparticipateinmultipleefforts,corrections,andimprovementstagestoachievehigh-qualitytranslationresults.Aftercompletingtheprimaryproofreading,thetranslatorcompletesthetranslationreviewwiththehelpofhistranslationcompanions.Peerproofreadinghelpstofinderrorsthatareignoredbyinterpreters.Intheself-correctionprocess,thetranslatorfocusesontwomainaspects.Thefirstaspectistopayattentiontomoredetaileddetailssuchaspunctuation,spellingandensuringconsistencybetweentheoriginalformatandthetranslationformat.Thesecondaspectisthatthetranslatorcarefullyreviewsthetexttocheckforpotentialmissteps,omissionsandproblemsrelatedtothetranslationstyletoensurethatthetranslationistruetotheoriginalcontentwhilemaintainingthereadabilityandfluencyofthetargetlanguage.Thetranslatoralsoseekshelpfromtheirclassmatesinordertobringthetranslatedtextclosertoperfection.Thismutualcooperationhelpstoimprovetheoverallqualityofthetranslatedtext.Thefinalversionwascarefullycomparedwiththesourcetextseveraltimestoensurethatthetranslatedexpressioniserror-freeandconformedtothenormsofChineseexpression.Theroleofthementorisalsocrucial.Thementorhelpsthetranslatorpointoutareasforimprovement,suggeststranslations,andguidesthetranslatorintherightdirection.Thetranslatorconstantlyreviewsandproofreadsthetranslation.Eachstageoftranslationisinterconnected,andtheprocessoftranslationplaysacrucialrole.

ChapterFourTranslationDifficultiesandCorrespondingSolutionsTranslationDifficultiesIntranslationpractice,thetranslatorfacesthreemajorchallenges,mainlyinvolvingspecializedterms,complexsyntacticstructures,andspecificculturaladaptations.Thetranslatormustensurethattheirtranslationsarebothfaithfultotheoriginaltextandaccessibletothetargetaudience.Thefollowingtextwillexploreindetailthespecificdifficultiesencounteredandthecorrespondingstrategiesforovercomingthem.TranslationofTerminologiesandCulturalConceptsDuringthetranslationprocess,thetranslatorisconfrontedwithmanyunfamiliartermsandculturalconcepts.Theseincludegender-specificterminology,game-relatedterminology,feministconcepts,andart-relatedvocabulary.Examplesincludetermssuchas“queer,”“cisgender,”“arcadegame,”and“intersectionality.”Thisisatranslationdifficultybecausethesetermsareoftenrootedinspecificsocio-politicalandculturalbackgrounds.Languagefunctionsasatoolforexpressingbeliefs,customs,andbehaviorsthatshapeculturalidentity(Imami,T.R.,Mu’in,F.,&Nasrullah,2021).Duetodifferencesbetweencultures,conveyingsuchtermsaccuratelybecomescomplex.Gendertermsrequirecarefulattentiontoensurethatthetranslationaccuratelyreflectedtheintendedmeaningwhileconsideringculturaldifferencesingenderrepresentation.(侯国金，2009)Inthesourcetext,gendertermssuchas“cis,”“trans,”“nonbinary,”and“queer”areusedtodiscusstheinclusivityofdigitalpopularculture:“Forwomen,whethercharacterizedascis,trans,nonbinary,queer,ornon-white,toadvance,itmustoccuronthebroadscaleofpopularculture...”​TermsmightlackstandardizedequivalentsorhavedifferentconnotationsinChinesecontexts.Forinstance,"cisgender"oftenrequiresparaphrasingorexplanationtopreventconfusionwhile"queer"canbemisinterpretediftranslatedliterallywithoutconsideringitsreclaimedpoliticalandculturalimplications.Game-relatedtermspresentdifficultiestoo.Theterm"arcadegames"showsupindiscussionsongenderedgamingspacesasin"Earlygamesarenotaimedatahomemarketbutrathermarketedtothearcadeindustrydominatedbymalegamers."InChinese,“街机游戏”maybeagoodtranslation,butthetranslatoralsoneedstoconsiderthedifferentculturalcontextsinChinaandabroad.ThetranslatorneedstocheckthearcadeinanAmericanmallinthe1970sversusthegamingenvironmentinChinatomakeadistinctionbetweenthedifferentculturalcontexts.Feministandart-relatedvocabularyalsoneedstobebroughttothetranslator'sattention.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoideologicalaccuracy.Forexample,theterm“intersectional”relatestotheoriesinWesternfeministstudies,forwhichwedonotseemtohavedirectequivalentsorestablishedChinesetranslationsinChineseduetotheunsynchronizeddevelopmentofChineseandforeignstudies.Translatorsshouldprovidebriefcontextualexplanationstohelpreadersunderstand.Thesetermsarenotmerelylinguisticterms;theyarethecarriersofideology,historyandidentity.Thetranslatorsneedstobalancetheliteralmeaningandculturaladaptationwhentranslatingterms.Thisisamajordifficultyforundergraduatestudentsmajoringintranslation.TranslationofPassiveVoicePassivevoiceisacommonsentencestructureinEnglish.Thesubjectreceivestheactioninsteadofdoingit.ThisbecomesachallengeinChinesetranslationbecauseChinesetendstopreferactivevoice.Thesentencestructure,wordorder,andfocusareverydifferent.Thetranslatorsmustcarefullyconsiderthecontextandnuancesoftheoriginaltexttoconveytheintendedmessageaccuratelyinthetargetlanguage.(Dawood,A.N.,&Mohammed,M.B.,2023)Englishoftenusespassivevoiceforformalityortoavoidspecifyingthedoer.ButinChinese,passivevoicemightsoundvagueorawkwardifnothandledwell.Whatmakesthisevenharderisthatpassivevoicecarriesacertaintone.Smith(2022)suggeststhatEnglishusespassivevoiceinacademicorofficialwritingtocreatedistance,neutrality,orpoliteness.InChinese,weoftenexpresssimilarideasusingactivevoiceorbyrephrasing.Sothetranslatormustchoose:dowekeepthepassivestructure,ordowechangeittosoundmorenaturalinChinese?Thisbalancebetweenaccuracyandfluencyiswherethedifficultylies.Thesourcetextcontainsmanylongandlayeredpassivesentences.Forexample:“Thegamingindustryhasbeencriticizedbecauseoftheperceptionthatitismasculinist,bornintheWestoutofwarandflight-simulationgames,andshapedbymalegamedevelopers,male-dominatedcorporations,andmalegamers.”Thissentenceincludesmultiplepassiveparts:“hasbeencriticized”,“ismasculinist”,“bornintheWest”,and“shapedby...”.Iftranslatedliterally,itmayconfuseChinesereaders.AnaturalChineseversionneedstoclarifyagentsandreorderparts.Anotherexampleis“TheWorldWideWebwascreatedinthemid-1990s...”“Arcadeswerenolongeraspopularastheyhadbeen...”“ThefieldwascompletelydominatedbythehugecorporationslikeElectronicArts(EA)andNintendo.”Thesesentences,thoughsimpleinEnglish,mayrequirerewordingorconvertingtoactivevoiceinChinese.Inthistranslationproject,manypassiveconstructionsareusedtoshowhistoricaldevelopmentorsocietalinfluence.ThetranslatorhastoanalyzeeachcasetofindthebestwaytoexpressitnaturallyinChinesewithoutlosingtheoriginalmeaning.ApplicationofCoherenceRuleinTranslationTextualcoherenceisakeypartoftranslation.AccordingtoHalliday,asentencecombinesconceptual,interpersonal,andtextualmeanings,andtextualmeaningensurescoherencebetweensentences.(左岩,1995)WangDongfengpointsoutfourcategoriesofcoherence:stylistic,grammatical,semantic,andpragmatic.Amongthem,grammaticalcohesionincludesdeviceslikeconjunctionsandreferencewords,whilesemanticcohesionfocusesmoreonmeaningconnection.(胡壮麟,1994)Cohesionisvisible.Itusesgrammarorvocabularytolinksentences.Coherenceisinvisible.Itdependsonlogicandsharedunderstandingbetweenwriterandreader.Bothareimportantintranslation.Butcoherenceishardertomanagebecauseitdealswithmeaning,notjustform.Translatingoriginaltextsincomplexscholarlyworksposesachallengeforundergraduatetranslators,especiallywhenparagraphconnectionsdependonimplicitlogicorculturalcontext,thetranslatormustre-establishthelogicwhilemaintainingtheintegrityoftheoriginalmessage.Forexample,thesourcesays“MediaarchaeologistLaineNooneysuggestsanepistemologicalproblemwiththeconventionalhistory.Sheproposesthatthehistoryofdigitalgameswaswrittenfromthedominantmasculinistperspectiveofpatriarchalsocietythatassumesmenaretheoriginalthinkersandinnovators.”Here,thesecondsentenceexplainsandsupportsthefirst,butdoesn’tstartwith“because”or“thus”.Thelogicisimplicit.InChinese,thisneedsclearerconnection—perhapswithphraseslike“她指出”or“这是因为…”.Anothercaseis“Thelookofvideogamesalsochangeddramaticallyinthe1990sbecauseoftheinventionof3-Danimationsoftware…”Thissentencelinksaresulttoacause.ButinChinese,ifnotcarefullyrestructured,thecausallinkmayfeelweakorambiguous.Orconsider“Feministartistsandtheoristshaverespondedtothemasculinismofgames,openingupanewapproachtogaminghistory…”Here,“openingup”expressesaresultorimpact.Tomaintaincoherence,thetranslatorneedstoadjustthesentencepattern,possiblyusingstructureslike“从而”or“由此”.Theseexamplesshowthattranslatingcoherenceisnotabouttranslatingwordbyword.It’saboutrecreatingthelogic,theflow,andtheconnectionbetweenpartsofthetext.That’swhatmakesitarealdifficultyinthisproject.CorrespondingSolutionsInordertoeffectivelysolvevarioustranslationdifficultiesthatariseintranslation,thetranslatorhasadoptedmanymethodsinthetranslation.Thismethodinvolvestheapplicationofvarioustranslationstrategies,eachofwhichiscustomizedforthespecificchallengesencounteredinthetranslationprocess.Thetranslatorchoosestranslationstrategiesbasedonbeingfaithfultotheoriginaltextwhileenhancingthecoherenceofacademictextsandtheabilityofculturaldissemination.Thischapterwillprovideadetailedintroductiontothespecificstrategiesadoptedandillustratetheirapplicationthroughrelevantexamples.ExplanationThisstrategytypicallyinvolvesaddingextrainformationinthetranslationtofillinculturalorknowledgegaps.Forexample,whentranslatingtermsthatcontainspecificculturalbackgrounds,thetranslatorcanprovidenecessarybackgroundinformationthroughexplanation,enablingreaderstobetterunderstandtheirmeanings.(李明，2020)Usinginterpretivetranslationmethodsintranslatedtextsallowsreaderstogainauniqueviewofthesourcecultureandadeeperunderstandingofunfamiliarvalues.Inacademicorliterarytranslation,whereculturalsubtletiesandlinguisticaccuracymattermost,interpretationhelpsmaintaintheoriginaltext'srigorandmakesitaccessibletoabroaderaudience.Whentranslatingterminologyandculturalconcepts,in-textexplanationsareanessentialmeanstoensureclearandcomprehensivemeaningconveyancewhilepreservingtheoriginalwork'sintegrity.

Example1ST：inspired,Hartsays,byRaphaelandTitianodalisques.TT：这一形象灵感来自哈特所说的拉斐尔和提香的“哈雷姆女子”画作。（欧洲19世纪东方主义绘画中常见的题材，描绘奥斯曼宫廷中的女奴，常被物化为情色符号）Theword"odalisques"hasrichhistoricalandculturalconnotations.ItreferstofemaleslavesorconcubinesintheOttomancourtandisusuallydepictedinahighlypornographicway.IfthetranslatorsimplytranslatesthisworddirectlyintoChinese,itmaynotbeabletofullyconveythesubtleculturalandhistoricalmeaningsintheoriginalword.Toavoidliteraltranslation,thetranslatoradoptsthemethodofinterpretationtoprovideculturalelaboration,explainingthatthesecharactersareverycommonthemesinOrientalistart,andthesecharactersareoftenobjectifiedaspornographicsymbols.Thetranslationmethodofexplanationretainstheoriginaltext,enrichesthetranslation,enablesthetargetreaderstohaveadeeperunderstandingofthespecificculturalandhistoricalbackground,andsolvestheproblemof