发酵工程抗生素发酵生产技术概述

概述生产前期研究生产菌改良生产工艺过程发酵条件的控制提取和精制IntroductionResearchinLabStrainimprovementProductionprocessingFermentationcontrolIsolation&purification抗生素发酵生产技术AntibioticsFermentationProduction1抗生素是生物在其生产活动过程中所产生，并能在低微浓度下有选择性地抑制或杀灭其他微生物或肿瘤细胞的有机物。

Antibiotics

Anyorganicsubstancesproducedbyvariousorganismsthathavethepowerofarrestingthe

growthofothermicroorganismsorofdestroyingthem.1.概述Introduction2历史1929年，英国弗莱明发现青霉素二战期间，大规模发酵生产世界上最早用于临床的抗菌素History

PenicillinwasdiscoveredbyFlemingin1929.WorldWarII,fermentedinlarge-scale

Thefirstmajorantibiotictobecommercialized1.概述Introduction3

分类Classification1.概述Introduction4复制翻译转录5

分类Classification1.概述Introduction6

HNONSCH3CH3HCOO-H

-lactamringβ-内酰胺环RnaturalpenicillinR=CH2-CO-7β-内酰胺环8两性霉素Antibioticsare

socomplextheycanonlybesynthesized

inalivingsystem9产生菌的筛选抗菌性试验提取、精制、鉴定毒性试验药理和临床试验ScreeningofastrainAntimicrobialtrialIsolation,purificationandidentificationToxicologicaltrial

Medicinal&clinicaltrial

2．生产前期研究ResearchinLab10

Agardiffusionassayagarplate琼脂培养基lawnoftestbacteria测试菌苔filterpaperssoakedwithtestcompounds含药物滤纸zonesofinhibition(nogrowth)

抑菌圈11分析仪器Analyticalinstruments现代分析仪器：核磁共振毛细管电泳气相色谱高效液相色谱质谱Modernanalyticalinstruments:Nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)Capillaryelectrophoresis

(CE)Gaschromatography

(GC)Highperformanceliquidchromatography

(HPLC)Massspectroscopy

(MS)

Automation

Sensitivity

Accuracy

自动灵敏准确12人工诱变法：紫外线、X-线、r-线照射亚硝基胍、亚硝酸、秋水仙素、氮芥等诱变剂处理ConventionalstrainselectionPhysicalmutageneg.UltravioletRadiationChemicalmutageneg.Nitrosoguanidine(NTG)Improvedstraincanbeselectedempirically3.抗生素生产菌改良StrainImprovement13基因工程GeneticEngineering

3.抗生素生产菌改良StrainImprovementRecombinantDNATechnology（DNA重组技术）克隆14StrainImprovementScale-upStrain出发菌株Agarplate平板技术PrimaryshakeflaskEvaluation摇瓶培养Secondaryshakeflaskevaluationdifferentmedia二级摇瓶培养各种培养基

Labfermentorevaluation

ProductionCondition小型发酵罐模拟生产条件MastercellbankWorkingcellbankInoculumDevelopment菌种扩大培养PilotplantEvaluation中试生产ProductionEvaluation生产60003003031Possiblerecycle1516Scale-up（比拟放大）modelsELGaddenJr<10dm3GoodproductGoodproductivity>200m3Sameproductivity?Limitations?模拟17摇瓶发酵Shake-flaskfermentation10-50mlin125-500mlflaskBatchonlyLimitedcontrol:temperatureSlowmetabolizingcarbohydrateAmbientpressureBuffersneededtocontrolpHIn-processsamplingdifficultVolumedecreasebyevaporationSolidgrowthonsidewallsAntifoamnotneededAgitationlimited:shakerspeedNocontrolofdissolvedoxygen装液量：10%(~250ml)间歇培养温控受限制代谢碳水化合物慢常压缓冲液控制pH在线取样难容量减少瓶壁上结垢无需消泡搅拌受限制无法控制溶解氧18搅拌罐发酵Stirredtankfermentation10-100,000升容量间歇和补料培养连续控制：pH，温度需要铵盐或氨气2大气压无需缓冲液在线取样易补料,容量增加生长均匀一致需消泡多种搅拌控制溶解氧:通气,加压10-100,000litervesselsBatchandfeedpossibleContinuouscontrol:pH,temperatureAmmoniumsaltsorammonianeededPressureattwoatmospherespossibleNobuffersnecessaryIn-processsamplingeasyVolumeincreasebysugarfeedVeryuniformgrowthAntifoamoftenrequiredWidevarietyofimpellersandbafflesDissolvedoxygencontrolledbyaeration,pressure19摇瓶发酵Shake-flask装液量：10%(~250ml)间歇培养温控受限制代谢碳水化合物慢常压缓冲液控制pH在线取样难容量减少瓶壁上结垢无需消泡搅拌受限制无法控制溶解氧10-100,000升容量间歇和补料培养连续控制：pH，温度需要铵盐或氨气2大气压无需缓冲液在线取样易补料,容量增加生长均匀一致需消泡多种搅拌控制溶解氧:通气,加压搅拌罐发酵Stirredtank20菌种

→种子制备

→发酵

→发酵液预处理→提取及精制→成品包装Strain

→Preparationofseed

→Fermentation

→Treatmentofbroth→Isolation&purification→Packageofproduct4.抗生素生产工艺过程AntibioticsProductionProcessing21Aschemeofthematerialflowinanantibioticproduction22Aschemeofthematerialflowinanantibioticproduction连消发酵罐缓冲罐种子罐23发酵生产原料

MaterialsforFermentationCarbonsource:Beet&canemolassesGlucose,lactose,starchEthanol,methanolGlycerolMaltosesyrup,cornsyrupCottonseedoil,peanutoil,soyoilLardoilMethyloleateTallow碳源:甜菜和甘蔗糖蜜葡萄糖，乳糖，淀粉乙醇，甲醇甘油麦芽糖浆，玉米糖浆绵籽油，花生油，豆油猪油油酸甲酯油脂24氮源:绵籽粉玉米粉和玉米浸出液大豆粉和大豆面花生粉菜籽粉牛血，酪蛋白水解液乳清鱼粉酵母酵母膏肉粉和骨粉

Nitrogensource:CottonseedmealCorn

meal&steepliquorSoybeanmeal&flourPeanutmealRapeseedmealBeefblood,CaseinhydrolysateWheyFishmealWholeyeastYeastextractMeat&bonemeal

发酵生产原料

MaterialsforFermentation25

培养基MediaforCellGrowth&FinalproductionComponentsRange%组成Glucose/sucrose3.0-5.0葡萄糖/蔗糖Starch淀粉3.0-5.0Cornsteepliquor3.0-5.0Calciumcarbonate0.5-1.0碳酸钙Phosphate磷酸盐0.1-0.5Ammoniumsulphate0.1-1.0

硫酸胺Urea尿素0.1-0.5Oil油0.1-0.5Fermentation发酵培养基

ComponentsRange%组成Glucose0.5-1.0Starch

0.5-5.0Cornsteepliquor5.0-8.0玉米浸提液Soyflour1.0-5.0Phosphate0.1-1.0Ammoniumsulphate0.5-1.0andfedperiodicallyOil1.0andfedcontinuouslyCornsyrupfedcontinuously

玉米糖浆连续加料Tankseed种子培养基26StirredtankFermentation搅拌发酵275.发酵控制FermentationControlPressureprobeLevelprobepHprobeTemp.probeDOprobeAntifoamAcid/BaseCoolingAir/agitationSugar/Oilfeed28ScaleWeightSignalPumpSpeedAmpli