山西省大同市阳高县第四中学校2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题（原卷版）

大同市阳高四中2023学年下学期高二年级期末测试英语试卷本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1、答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)AInasmallItaliantown,hundredsofyearsago,asmallbusinessownerowedalargesumofmoneytoaloan-shark.Theloan-sharkwasaveryold,unattractivelookingguythatjustsohappenedtofancythebusinessowner’sdaughter.Hedecidedtoofferthebusinessmanadealthatwouldcompletelywipeoutthedebtheowedhim.However,thetrapwasthathewouldonlywipeoutthedebtifhecouldmarrythebusinessman’sdaughter,heedlesstosay,thisproposalwasmetwithalookofdisgust.Theloan-sharksaidthathewouldplacetwopebblesintoabag,onewhiteandoneblack.Thedaughterwouldthenhavetoreachintothebagandpickoutapebble.Ifitwasblack,thedebtwouldbewiped,buttheloan-sharkwouldthenmarryher.Ifitwaswhite,thedebtwouldalsobewiped,butthedaughterwouldn’thavetomanytheloan-shark.Standingonapebble-strewnpathinthebusinessman’sgarden,theloan-sharkbentoverandpickeduptwopebbles.Whilehewaspickingthemup,thedaughternoticedthathe’dpickeduptwoblackpebblesandplacedthembothintothebag.Hethenaskedthedaughtertoreachintothebagandpickone.Shedrewoutapebblefromthebag,andbeforechecking,it‘accidentally’droppedintothemidstoftheotherpebbles.Shesaidtotheloan-shark,“Oh，howclumsy(笨拙的)ofme.Nevermind,ifyoulookintothebagfortheonethatisleft,youwillbeabletotellwhichpebbleIpicked.”Thepebbleleftinthebagisobviouslyblack,andnotwantingtobeexposed,theloan-sharkhadtoplayalongasifthepebblethedaughterdroppedwaswhite,andclearherfather’sdebt.1.Whatisthebusinessmanandhisdaughter’sattitudetowardstheproposal?A.Supportive. B.Disapproved. C.Neutral. D.Skeptical.2.Whydidthepebbledrop?A.BecausethedaughterpretendeditB.Becausethepebblewastoosliptohold.C.Becausethedaughterwastooclumsytoholdit.D.Becausethebusinessmanwasangryandrejectedthegame.3.Whatdidthedaughterchoosetodoatlast?A.Sherefusedtopickapebblefromthebag.B.Shetookbothpebblesoutofthebagandexposethecheat.C.Shechosenottoexposetheloan-sharkwhilewinningthebetwithatrick.D.Shepickedtheblackpebblefromthebaganddecidedtosacrificeherself.BInMarch,ItraveledtoKakuma,KenyawithUNICEF(联合国儿童基金会),tolearnwhatitwaslikeforrefugees(难民)tolivethereandgototheirschools.Mostofmytime,however,wasspentwithkidsinschools.HeadteacherofMogadishuPrimarySchool,PascalLukosi,greetedmeintheoffice.Theschoolhad2,815studentswhosatshouldertoshoulderintheclassroom.Iquicklydidthemath:oneteacherforevery134students.CrammedclassroomsarecommoninKakuma’sschools.Andmanykidsdon’tgotoschoolattheproperage.Motorbikes,calledboda-bodas,arethemainmeansoftransportationonKakuma’sroads.Therearenobuses,andmostofthekidswalktoschool.Forsome,thetriptakesmorethananhoureachway.Iaskedwhattheyusuallydidafterschool,“Ibringbackwaterandwashclothes,”saidNjemaNadaiBen,a12-year-oldboy.Thereisasevereshortageofrunningwaterhere,sorefugeeshavetowalktooneofthecamp’swellstogetwater.Whatabouthomework?“Wedon’thavelightstoreadatnight,”explainedRachelAkolDauaged17.Homestherealsolackelectricity.Inspiteoftheconditions,Rachelandotherstudentsfindtheirwaytostudy.“Ilightfirewood.Thatgivesmelight,”Shetoldme,“Iwanttochangethefutureofmyfamily.”AtMorneauShepellSecondarySchoolforGirls,studentswakeat4.30,eatbreakfastat6:00,andstarttheclassat7:30.“Theschoolistheretogivethegirlsasafeplace,”saidMohamudHure,aUNofficerinKakuma.Inoneclassroom,studentsannouncedtovisitorswhattheywantedtodoinlife.Mostofthemdreamedofbecomingdoctors,lawyersandengineers.WhenIleft,ItookapictureofRose,thegirlImetonmyfirstday.Shedreamsofacareerasadoctor.Thisyear,she’llgraduatefromprimaryschool.“It’seducationthatbringsmefaithinchangingmylife,”saidRose.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Crammed”inparagraph2mean?A.Large. B.Clean. C.Overcrowded. D.Damaged.5.WhatdoweknowaboutthekidsinKakuma?A.Theyleadaverytoughlife.B.Theybegintostudyatanearlyage.C.Theyalwaysgotoschoolbyboda-boda.D.Theyhaveabusyandstressfulschoollife.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRachel?A.Creativeandgenerous. B.Caringandfarsighted.C.Confidentandcautious. D.Modestanddetermined.7.Whatdothekidsthinkofeducation?A.Itisvalueless. B.Itisoutofreach.C.Itridsthemofunfairness. D.Itgivesthemhope.CNewresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment(认知损坏)maynotnecessarilydevelopdementia(痴呆)and,infact,havinghighereducationandadvancedlanguageskillsmorethandoublestheirchancesofreturningtonormal.Thestudy,ledbyresearchersattheUniversityofWaterloo,mayreassurethosewithmildcognitiveimpairmentasitcontradictsacommonassumptionthattheconditionissimplyanearlystageofdementia.Peoplewithmildcognitiveimpairmentshowsignsofcognitivedecline,butnotenoughtopreventthemfromperformingtypicaldailytasks.Theyhavebeenconsideredathigherriskofprogressingtothemoreseverecognitivedeclineseenindementia.“Possessinghighcognitivereserve,basedoneducation,highacademicgrades,andwrittenlanguageskills,maypredictwhathappensyearsaftersomeonereceivesadiagnosisofmildcognitiveimpairment,”saidSuzanneTyas,aprofessorintheSchoolofPublicHealthSciencesatWaterlooandleadauthor.“Evenafterconsideringage,geneticsandestablishedriskfactorsfordementia,wefoundthathigherlevelsofeducationmorethandoubledthechancesthatpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairmentwouldreturntonormalcognitioninsteadofprogressingtodementia.”Thestudy’sfindingshavemeaningsfortreatmentandresearchinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment.“Ifindividualswithhighercognitivereservearemorelikelytoimproveevenwithouttreatment,thenthisneedstobetakenintoconsiderationwhenrecruitingparticipantsforclinicaltrialsofprospectivetreatmentsandwheninterpretingtheresultsofthesetrials,”Tyassaid,addingthere’snocureformostcausesofdementia,sopreventioniskey.8.Aboutmildcognitiveimpairmentwhichisconsistentwiththestudy?A.Itsurelyresultsindementia. B.Itisanearlystageofdementia.C.Itwillstoppeople'sdailyaction. D.Itdoesn’tsurelyleadtodementia.9.Howisone’scognitivereserveassessed?A.Throughpersonalincome. B.Throughsocialfrequency.C.Throughhiseducation. D.Throughpersonalrelationship.10.Whatisthemostsignificanttodowithdementia?A.Earlyprevention. B.Medicalcare.C.Propercure. D.Specificmedicine.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentshowcognitivedecline.B.Ageandgeneticsareestablishedriskfactorsfordementia.C.Astudyfocusesontheconsequenceofcognitiveimpairment.D.Highereducationandlanguageskillsmayhelpstopdementia.DBoxjellyfish(箱型水母)arethemostpoisonousmarineanimalsknowntoman.Theymeasure3meterslongandweighupto2kilograms.Theyarepaleblueandtransparentincolor,andgettheirnamefromthecube-likeshapeoftheirbody.Boxjellyfishhave6eyesonall4sidesoftheirbody,althoughitisuncertainhowtheyprocesswhattheyseeastheydonothaveacentralnervoussystem.Theyalsohaveupto15tentacles(触须)growingfromeachcorneroftheirbodythathaveabout5,000stinging(带刺的)cellseach.BoxjellyfishcanbefoundprimarilyinthecoastalwatersoffNorthernAustraliaaswellasthroughouttheIndo-Pacific.Theyprefertoliveatrivermouths.Theydonothaveanyorganstobreathe,andwillsleepontheoceanfloorfrom3p.m.todawn.Unlikeotherjellyfishthatmerelymovealongwiththecurrent,boxjellyfishhavedevelopedawaytotravelwherevertheywanttogo.Theywillshootthemselvesinajet-likefashion,reachingspeedsofupto7.4kilometersperhour.Thedietofboxjellyfishconsistsofthinglikefish,smallanimals,andevenotherjellyfish.Theyusetheirvenom,achemicalwhichcausesheart,skin,andbreathfailure,tokilltheirprey.Sinceboxjellyfishhaveeyes,somescientistsbelievethattheyactivelyhunttheirprey,holdingthebeliefthatboxjellyfishhavedevelopedaspecialsetofeyessimilartohumansthathelpthemskillfullyavoidobstaclesintheocean,whileothersinsistthattheyarejustpassiveopportuniststhatwillwaitandcatchanythingthatwandersintotheirtentacles.BoxjellyfishareresponsibleformorehumandeathsinAustraliathansnakessharks,andsalt-watercrocodilescombined.Itisbesttoavoidthemasmoststingswillresultindeath.Hopefully,humansandboxjellyfishcanfindawaytolivewithoneanotherwhilekeepingconflictstoabareminimum.Afterall,suchauniquespeciesofjellyfishdeservestoliveandgrowjustashumansdo.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutboxjellyfishfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itssize. B.Itspoisonousness. C.Itscolor. D.Itshardness.13.Whatcanweinferaboutboxjellyfishfromthepassage?A.Theyliveinthedeepseaingroups.B.Theycanbreatheontheoceanfloor.CTheycandecidethedirectioninwhichtheymove.D.Theyusuallymovealongwiththecurrent.14.Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3refersto________.Aboxjellyfish B.scientistsC.boxjellyfish’sprey D.boxjellyfish’stentacles15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroducesomepoisonousanimals.BTodescribeakindofanimalunderthesea.C.Toillustratescientists’researchintoboxjellyfish.D.Toshowtherelationshipbetweenhumansandjellyfish.二、七选五(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)TipsofHealthyLifestyleThere’snosecret-thesimplestthingsareoftenthebest,saysnutritionistDr.JohnBriffa,ifwewanttofeelgoodallyearround.Eatmindfully.Inourfast-pacedworld,therecanbeatendencytoeatwhiledistractedandshovelinmorefoodthanweneedand,atthesametime,missoutonculinarypleasure.___16___Sosomethingstothinkabouthereareavoidingeatingwhendistracted,eatingmoreslowly,andtakingtimetotastefoodproperly.___17___Getplentyofsunlightinthesummer.Sunlight,aswellasthevitaminDthatcanbemadeintheskin,isassociatedwithawidespectrumofbenefitsforthebody.Ingeneral,vitaminDismadewhenourshadowisshorterthanourbodylength,iewhenthesunishighinthesky.___18___Getenoughsleep.Sleephastheabilitytooptimizementalandphysicalenergy,andoptimallevelsofsleep(abouteighthoursanight)arelinkedwithreducedriskofchronicdisease(慢性病)andimprovedlongevity.___19___Gettingintobedby10pmor10:30pmisapotentiallyusefulinvestmentintermsofyourshort-andlong-termhealthandwell-being.___20___Modern-daylivingtendstobeambitiousandwecaneasilyfindourselveschasinganever-growinglistofgoals,manyofwhichcanbematerial.Someofuscoulddowithspendingmoretimefocusingnotonwhatwedon'thave,butonwhatwedo.Ourmoodcanbeliftedbygivingthanksforanythingfromourfriendsandfamilytoabeautifullandscapeorsunset.A.PractisetheartofappreciationB.Don'tbeambitiousandgetwhatyoucanget.C.Whileburningistobeavoided,getasmuchsunlightexposureaspossibleforidealhealth.D.Onesimplestrategythatcanhelpensureyougetoptimalamountsofsleepistogotobedearlier.E.Oneparticularthingtofocusonischewingyourfoodthoroughly.F.Lackofsleepwillkeepyouinagoodcondition.G.Manyofuswillbenefitfromeatingmindfully.三、完形填空(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)TheCajunNavyisagroupofvolunteersmallboatownerswhohelppeopleduringbadstormsandfloods.Thegroup___21___volunteeringduringHurricaneKatrina.Duringthatstormalone,they___22___morethan10,000peoplefromfloodedhomesandrooftops!Sincethen,theyhavesavedmore___23___aroundtheUS!TheCajunNavyhasgonetosaveduringmanyoftheworst___24___thathittheUS,suchasHurricaneHarveyandHurricaneFlorence.Usingtheir___25___,theyalwaysgointoplaceswherepeopleandanimalsaretrappedbyfloodwaters.Theybringtheirsmallboatsandgreatskillstofindthosewhoare___26___andthenthey___27___themtosafety.Howstrongand___28___theyareinstrugglingwithfloodwaters!Manyofthevolunteersarefishermenand___29___boatpilots.They,whocomefromthesoutheastUnitedStates,areexpertin___30___throughaseriesofswamps(沼泽)andnarrowwaterways.Theskillstheyhavehelpthemfindthewayaround___31___floodwaters.Areporter___32___hisfeelingsandmeanwhile___33___theirdeedsaftertheCajunNavysteppedintohelpduringbadfloodinginLouisiana.”The___34___werevolunteersfromtheCajunNavy,whohadnoranks,nouniforms,no___35___medalsawardedtothemforactsofbravery.Itwasa___36___heart,notacommandingofficer,thatcalledthemintorisky___37___tocarryendangeredcitizenstohigherandsaferground,”hesaid.TheCajunNavyisagreatexampleofcharacterinaction.Theydoalso___38___others’enthusiasmtogetinvolved.Andmoreandmorevolunteersjointhegroup.Theyoftenputthemselvesindangerto___39___others.Andtheydonotdoitformoneyorattention,but___40___becausetheycanhelpandtheywanttohelp.21.A.improved B.started C.delayed D.survived22.A.missed B.met C.rescued D.struck23.A.lives B.officers C.food D.money24.A.rainfalls B.windstorms C.sandstorms D.raindrops25.A.cars B.trucks C.bikes D.boats26.A.indanger B.inplace C.outofwork D.outoforder27.A.force B.transport C.invite D.persuade28.A.courageous B.modest C.secure D.straightforward29.A.honest B.trapped C.skilled D.greedy30.A.flying B.looking C.sailing D.driving31.A.peaceful B.mixed C.limited D.powerful32.A.conveyed B.discovered C.valued D.ignored33.A.celebrated B.beat C.taught D.asked34.A.witnesses B.passers-by C.heroes D.victims35.A.athletic B.military C.ecological D.economic36.A.weak B.icy C.thoughtless D.selfless37.A.companies B.currents C.funds D.flights38.A.acknowledge B.adopt C.investigate D.stimulate39.A.abandon B.consult C.assist D.guide40.A.cruelly B.delicately C.merely D.hardly四、语法填空(共10题;每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sydney____41____(consider)tobeoneofthemostexpensivecitiesintheworld.Butitispossibleforinternationalstudentslivingonabudget____42____(find)lotsofthingstodo.Forstudentswhoenjoyphysicalactivitiesandnature,therearemanyplacestowalk,hikeandexplore.TheBlueMountains,locatedinthe____43____(centre)areasoftheSydneyBasin,offers____44____numberofhikingtrailsforpeopleofallathleticabilitiestotakeall-dayhikes,orcampingadventures.Students____45____(draw)moretobeachescandotheBondiBeachtoCoogeeBeachwalk.Thiswalktakesyoualittleunderfourmilesalongthecoastline,providingyou____46____aviewofvariousbeautifulbeachesandparks.Youcanalsowalkthr