2026年秋季部编版五年级上册语文期末真题及答案

2026年秋季部编版五年级上册语文期末真题及答案第一部分：积累与运用（45分）一、看拼音，写词语。（请将正确的词语工整地写在田字格中）（10分）1.这里的景色如诗如画，让人心旷神怡，特别是那洁白的lùsī（），在阳光下闪闪发光。2.母亲的fēnfù（）总是那么温和，让我不敢有丝毫懈怠。3.面对困难，我们不能qìnéng（），要勇敢地迎接挑战。4.圆明园的huǐmiè（）是中国文化史上不可估量的损失。5.他那gōujǐng（）的脸庞上，刻满了岁月的沧桑。6.秋天到了，果园里guǒshíléiléi（），到处洋溢着丰收的喜悦。7.这种fánzhí（）能力极强的植物，在湿润的土地上生长得格外茂盛。8.哪怕是再微小的shìyàn（），我们也要认真对待，因为它可能蕴含着巨大的真理。9.老师经常教育我们要jǐnshèn（）对待每一次作业，养成细心的好习惯。10.看着父亲cāngbái（）的头发和佝偻的背影，我的眼泪不禁流了下来。二、选择题。（请将正确答案的序号填在括号里）（10分）1.下列词语中，加点字的读音完全正确的一项是（）。A.便（pián）宜削（xuē）弱强（qiǎng）迫B.冠（guàn）军间（jiàn）隔抖擞（sǒu）C.任（rèn）姓谴（qiǎn）责侮（wū）辱D.纳闷（mèn）拗（ào）不过瞬（shùn）间2.下列词语书写完全正确的一项是（）。A.完壁归赵负荆请罪同心协力理直气壮B.难以置信完好无损如鱼得水呕心沥血C.绝口不提走投无路美不盛收金碧辉煌D.玲珑剔透亭台楼阁诗情画意奇珍异宝3.下列句子中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）。A.面对敌人的严刑拷打，江姐依然斩钉截铁，不肯吐露半个字。B.这里的风景美不胜收，让人流连忘返。C.两个小偷在街上鬼鬼祟祟，相视一笑，然后便分道扬镳了。D.他虽然年纪大了，但做事依然一丝不苟，令人敬佩。4.下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）。A.通过阅读《落花生》，使我明白了做人的道理。B.秋天的北京香山是一个美丽的季节。C.我们要改进学习方法，增加学习效率。D.《少年中国说》是梁启超先生写的一篇振奋人心的文章。5.下列句子使用的修辞手法与其他三项不同的一项是（）。A.白鹭实在是一首诗，一首韵在骨子里的散文诗。B.猎豹的速度是陆地上动物中跑得最快的，就像离弦的箭一样。C.小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。D.那长长的睫毛，在眼睑下投出一片淡淡的阴影。6.下列关于文学常识的表述，不正确的一项是（）。A.《落花生》是一篇叙事散文，作者是许地山，笔名落花生。B.《将相和》选自司马迁的《史记》，讲述了“完璧归赵”“渑池会面”“负荆请罪”三个故事。C.《乞巧》是唐代诗人林杰描写七夕节的诗作。D.《我的“长生果”》中的“长生果”指的是书籍，作者叶文玲。7.下列句子中，标点符号使用正确的一项是（）。A.我不知道他为什么不来？也许是病了。B.“这怎么行？”父亲说，“做人要像花生一样。”C.父亲说：“去吧。不要怕。”D.花生有很多好处：有一样最可贵，它的果实埋在地里。8.下列词语中，不属于同一类的一项是（）。A.犹豫B.彷徨C.坚定D.迟疑9.在《太阳》一课中，为了说明太阳离我们很远，作者使用了（）的说明方法。A.列数字、作比较B.打比方、列数字C.举例子、作比较D.下定义、打比方10.将“这里的风景真美。”改为拟人句，最恰当的一项是（）。A.这里的风景像画一样美。B.这里的风景好像在对我微笑。C.这里的风景美得让人陶醉。D.这里难道不是风景美吗？三、判断题。（对的打“√”，错的打“×”）（5分）1.“居高声自远，非是藉秋风”是虞世南写的《蝉》，诗人借蝉表达了高洁的情操。（）2.说明文《松鼠》从外形、性格、行为等方面介绍了松鼠的特点，语言生动形象。（）3.《牛郎织女》是中国古代著名的民间故事，由叶圣陶整理。（）4.“这里的桂花再香，也比不上家乡院子里的桂花。”这句话运用了对比的手法，表达了作者对家乡的热爱。（）5.梁启超在《少年中国说》中，用“红日”“潜龙”“乳虎”“鹰隼”等事物的比喻来赞美少年的中国。（）四、按要求写句子。（10分）1.蔺相如对秦王说：“您现在离我只有五步远，您不答应，我就把您和我的性命同归于尽！”（改为转述句）___________________________________________________________2.那雪白的蓑毛，那全身的流线型结构，那铁色的长喙，那青色的脚，增之一分则嫌长，减之一分则嫌短。（用加点词语仿写句子）那________的________，那________的________，那________的________，增之一，减之一。3.我们不能因为怕犯错而停止探索。（改为反问句）___________________________________________________________4.这种花在南方很容易养活。（改为双重否定句）___________________________________________________________5.缩句：宽阔的钱塘江大潮在蒙蒙细雨中滚滚而来。___________________________________________________________五、课文内容与积累填空。（10分）1.________________，非是藉秋风。（虞世南《蝉》）2.垂死病中惊坐起，________________。（元稹《闻乐天授江州司马》）3.每当看到哥哥们在事业上取得成就，而自己还在徘徊时，我就会用《少年中国说》中的“________________，________________”来勉励自己。4.《四季之美》中，作者认为冬天最美是________，描写了________闲逸的心情。5.《圆明园的毁灭》一课中，作者用大量笔墨写圆明园昔日的辉煌，这样写的好处是________________。6.《父爱之舟》是著名画家________写的，文章描写了________和________的场景，表达了父爱的深沉与伟大。7.“月落乌啼霜满天，________________。”这两句诗出自张继的《________》。第二部分：阅读理解（25分）六、课内阅读。（10分）这时候，秦王被逼得没法，只好敲了一下缶。蔺相如也叫人记录下来，说在渑池会上，秦王为赵王击缶。秦王没占到便宜。他也知道廉颇已经在边境上做好了准备，不敢拿赵王怎么样，只好让赵王回去。蔺相如在赵国立了大功，被封为上卿，职位在廉颇之上。廉颇很不服气，他对别人说：“我廉颇攻无不克，战无不胜，立下许多大功。他蔺相如有什么能耐，就靠一张嘴，反而爬到我头上去了。我碰见他，得让他下不来台！”这话传到了蔺相如耳朵里。蔺相如请病假不上朝，免得跟廉颇见面。有一天，蔺相如坐车出去，远远看见廉颇骑着高头大马过来了，他赶紧叫车夫把车往回赶。蔺相如手下的人可看不顺眼了，说，蔺相如怕廉颇像老鼠见了猫似的，为什么要怕他呢？蔺相如对他们说：“诸位请想一想，廉将军和秦王比，谁厉害？”他们说：“当然秦王厉害！”蔺相如说：“秦王我都不怕，我会怕廉将军吗？大家知道，秦王不敢进攻我们赵国，就因为武有廉颇，文有蔺相如。如果我们俩闹不和，就会削弱赵国的力量，秦国必然乘机来打我们。我所以避着廉将军，为的是我们赵国啊！”蔺相如的话传到了廉颇耳朵里。廉颇静下心来想了想，觉得自己为了争一口气，就不顾国家的利益，真不应该。于是，他脱下战袍，背上荆条，到蔺相如门上请罪。蔺相如见廉颇来负荆请罪，连忙热情地出来迎接。从此以后，他们俩成了好朋友，同心协力保卫赵国。1.请给这段文字加一个恰当的小标题：________。（2分）2.文中画线句子运用了________的修辞手法，生动地写出了蔺相如回避廉颇的情景。（2分）3.蔺相如为什么要“避着廉将军”？请用原文中的句子回答。（3分）___________________________________________________________4.从“负荆请罪”这个故事中，我们可以看出廉颇和蔺相如各有什么品质？（3分）廉颇：________________________________________________蔺相如：______________________________________________七、课外阅读。（15分）老家的柿子树我的老家在胶东半岛的一个小山村，那里山清水秀，风景优美。最让我留恋的，是老家院子里那棵老柿子树。那棵柿子树很高大，粗壮的树干要两个大人才能合抱。树皮呈黑褐色，裂纹纵横交错，像老人脸上的皱纹。每到春天，柿子树抽出了嫩绿的新芽，慢慢地长成椭圆形的叶子。到了夏天，茂密的枝叶像一把巨大的绿伞，遮住了半个院子。我们在树下乘凉、嬉戏，听奶奶讲过去的故事。秋天是柿子树最美的季节。柿子树的叶子由绿变黄，再由黄变红，红得像一团团燃烧的火焰。秋风一吹，树叶纷纷飘落，像一只只翩翩起舞的红蝴蝶。这时候，树上挂满了红灯笼似的柿子，沉甸甸的，把枝头都压弯了。那些柿子有的三五成群地挤在一起，好像在说悄悄话；有的独自挂在枝头，像是在眺望远方的风景。还没成熟的柿子是青绿色的，摸起来硬邦邦的，咬一口，涩得让人张不开嘴。等到柿子变黄变软，就可以吃了。熟透了的柿子红彤彤、软乎乎的，像一个个小皮球。摘下一个，轻轻撕开一层薄薄的皮，里面露出晶莹剔透的果肉，吸上一口，那凉丝丝、甜津津的汁液顺着喉咙流进心田，让人感到无比舒畅。小时候，我最爱吃奶奶做的柿饼。奶奶把摘下来的柿子削去皮，放在阳光下晾晒。等柿子表面晒出一层霜，就成了香甜可口的柿饼。那时候，家里条件不好，柿饼是我们难得的美味。奶奶总是把最好的柿饼留给我，自己却舍不得吃。如今，我离开老家到城里工作，已经好几年没回去看那棵老柿子树了。去年秋天，父亲打电话来说，今年的柿子又丰收了，给我留了一筐，让我有空回去拿。听着父亲的话，我的眼前又浮现出那棵挂满红灯笼的柿子树，仿佛闻到了那股淡淡的清香。老家的柿子树，不仅承载着我童年的快乐，更寄托着我对家乡和亲人的思念。1.请用简洁的语言概括短文的主要内容。（3分）___________________________________________________________2.短文第二自然段中，作者把“茂密的枝叶”比作________，把“树皮”比作________，这样写的好处是________________。（3分）3.从文中找出描写柿子形状和颜色的词语，至少写三个。（3分）形状：________颜色：________、________4.联系上下文，理解文中加点词语“晶莹剔透”的意思。（2分）晶莹剔透：________________________________________________5.为什么说“老家的柿子树，不仅承载着我童年的快乐，更寄托着我对家乡和亲人的思念”？（4分）___________________________________________________________第三部分：习作（30分）八、习作。题目：我的心爱之物提示：在我们的生活中，总会有那么一样东西，或许是一个玩具，一本书，一件礼物，甚至是一个小饰品……它或许并不昂贵，但却承载着你的回忆，寄托着你的情感。请以“我的心爱之物”为题，写一篇习作。要求：1.内容具体，语句通顺，感情真挚。2.能够运用本学期学到的写作方法，如借物抒情、对比等。3.字数不少于450字。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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