经产母猪和后备母猪管理技术

/sundae_mengSowandGiltManagement母猪管理Giltpoolmanagement后备母猪群管理Breedingtargets配种目标Farrowinghousemangement产房管理Lactationconsumption泌乳期采食量Returntoestrus返情Preweaningmortalityfactors断奶前死亡因素/sundae_mengHowdoIimprovesowperformance?怎样提高母猪性能Reducemycotoxins减少霉菌毒素Multiplefeedings/dayoffresh,nutrientdensefeed每天多次饲喂新鲜的，高营养浓度的饲料（泌乳期）Providesupplementalfeedtonursinglitters乳猪补料Donotoverfeedduringgestation怀孕期不要饲喂过多Bringsowsuptofullfeedinlactationgradually(Reachfullintakebyd-8oflactation)泌乳期逐渐到达充足饲喂（泌乳第8天达到充足饲喂）Fibersourceduringgestation怀孕期纤维饲料/sundae_mengWhydoyouneedgoodgiltmanagement???为什么需要良好的后备母猪管理？？？GoalofEfficientGiltManagementSystems:有效的后备母猪管理系统的目标Tomeetgiltreplacementneedsfromasmallerpoolofgiltswithimprovedlifetimeperformance用较少的、高性能的后备母猪满足母猪更换的需要Measurement测量指标Mean平均Upper10%最好10％Lower10%最查10％Averagefemaleinventory平均母猪存栏10462740.7239.6ReplacementRate更换率58.833.471.4Averageparity平均胎次2.793.82.02002BreedingHerdSummaryforCanada2002年加拿大配种母猪群总结/2002Datashare.htm/sundae_mengHighest%offarrowingsintheherd母猪群高分娩率Breedingtargets配种目标Replaceinvoluntaryfallouts更换偶然的落后的猪Replacevoluntaryculling更换主动的淘汰的猪Importanttomaintainparitystructure对于维持胎次结构很重要(Williams,Patterson,andFoxcroft.BanffPorkSeminar,2005)WhyareGiltsSOIMPORTANT?

为什么后备母猪如此重要？/sundae_mengRequirementsformeetingbreedingtargets满足配种目标的要求Propergiltpoolsizeandeffectivegiltpoolmanagementtomeetgiltbreedingtargets合适的后备母猪群大小和有效的后备母猪群管理来满足后备母猪的配种目标Predictablenumbersofweanedsows可以预测的断奶母猪数/sundae_mengThechallenges挑战Health健康Effectsongiltflow母猪群流动的影响Nodirectcontrolovergiltsatpubertyage在成熟期没有对后备母猪直接的控制Off-siteisolationandacclimatization场外的隔离和驯化Lackofspaceforpubertymanagement没有空间进行成熟期管理Pressureforbreedingtargets(shortterm)配种目标的压力（短期）PrioritiesandDiscipline优先和纪律Notenoughlaborallocatedtogiltmanagement没有足够的工人进行后备母猪管理Noobjectivesandtargets没有目的和目标Realunderstandingoftheimportanceofgiltsinasowherd对于后备母猪在母猪群中的重要性的真正理解(Williams,Patterson,andFoxcroft.BanffPorkSeminar,2005)/sundae_mengTheeffects…影响…Inefficientgiltpoolmanagement后备母猪群管理不充分Nocontrolovergiltpool对后备母猪群没有控制Highinventoryofnon-cyclinggilts不发情后备母猪存栏量高Unpredictablebreedingtargets不可预测的配种目标Marginalsowsarekeptforbreedingtargets保留的母猪数量刚刚够配种目标。Startofthe“deathspiral”“死亡螺旋”的开始Inefficienciesincreaseneedsformoregilts没有增加足够的后备母猪Lessselection选择少Breedofmarginal边缘配种PoorP1andsowperformance头胎和经产母猪性能差(Williams,Patterson,andFoxcroft.BanffPorkSeminar,2005)/sundae_mengParturitionMass分娩重165

1.7kg193

1.9kgAverageLitterGrowth(kg/d)平均窝增重速度（公斤/天）2.052.21Percentageoflargest16ovarianfollicles

3.5mmatweaning断奶时最大的16个卵泡大于3.5毫米的百分比26.1%52.6%ParturitionMass分娩重181.1kg238.2kgSowsinestruswithin9daysafterweaning断奶后9天内母猪发情比率58%86%OvulationRate排卵数14.015.6(Clowesetal.,2003)(Mejia-Guadarramaetal.,2003)Effectofbodyweightatparturitiononsubsequentreproductiveandlitterperformance分娩时体重对随后的繁殖和窝仔生长性能的影响/sundae_meng

Effective“selection”techniques有效的“选择”技术“Selected”giltsrespondearlytoboarcontact选择对公猪接触反映较早的后备母猪“Selection”shouldincludearecordedestrus选择需要包括有记录的发情“Selectionshouldoccurbelowmarketweight选择需要在达到上市体重之前进行“Non-select”giltsshouldbeculled选不上的后备母猪要淘汰/sundae_mengAtwhatagedoespuberty“naturally”occuringilts?在多大日龄后备母猪自然达到性成熟Whatfactorsareimportantindeterminingageatpuberty?哪些因素对决定性成熟日龄比较重要

Ageofboarintroduction引入公猪接触的日龄Directstimulationwithboars公猪的直接刺激Goodheatdetectionmanagement好的发情检测技术120to200+days日龄/sundae_mengCumulativepercentageofgiltsreachingpubertyafterboarcontactat160d()and135d()在160日龄和135日龄接触公猪后，后备母猪性成熟的累计百分率(FromPatterson,2001)./sundae_mengExtensivestudiesconfirmthatdirectcontactwithmatureboarsisthemosteffectivewaytoinducefirstestrus/sundae_mengAtwhatageshouldIstartpubertystimulation(finalselection)?应该在多大日龄开始性成熟刺激（最后选择）/sundae_mengPubertystimulationfrom160-190daysofageisusuallythemostefficientintermsoflaborandspaceutilization

160－190日龄之间进行性成熟刺激，劳动力和猪舍利用率最高

Thinkintermsof…考虑这个数据：

“thenumberofHNSgilts/penspace/day”

“每天每圈HNS后备母猪的头数”/sundae_mengEffectofageafirstserviceonperformance

ofgiltstoendofparity1第一次配种时的日龄对后备母猪到第一胎结束时的生产成绩的影响Ageatservice,d配种日龄<240240-260260-280>280SEDP-valueParity1第一胎BornAlive产活仔数10.210.69.89.70.4.09PigsWeaned断奶仔猪数8.99.19.28.70.2.10WEI,d断奶到再发情间隔12.610.210.216.72.2.08%giltsculledendparity1第一胎结束后母猪淘汰率39.531.435.146.05.0.02Youngetal.2003,unpublisheddata/sundae_mengGESTATIONPHASE

怀孕阶段/sundae_mengAcontrolledfeedintakeduringgestationiscritical!控制怀孕期喂料量是关键Twomethods:两个办法(1)Constantfeedinglevel固定的饲喂量(2)Phasefeedinglevel阶段性饲喂量FeedingStrategiesDuringGestation怀孕期饲喂策略CourtesyofN.L.Trottier,Ph.D./sundae_mengCluesthatyoursownutritionmayneedtobeadjusted以下暗示你的母猪的营养需要调整Weantoestrusintervalincreases断奶到再发情间隔变长2ndparityslump第二胎产仔成绩下降variabilityinlittersizesubsequentfarrowing以后的几胎产仔数变化较大largeeffectsfromseasonalinfertility季节性不孕影响较大/sundae_mengPhaseFeedinginGestation怀孕期阶段饲喂Day1–30天:1.5–2kg/d公斤/天-Limitenergy&proteinintakes限制能量和蛋白摄入Day30–75天:3.2kg/d公斤/天-Feedtoconditionscoreof3根据膘情饲喂，达到3分Day75-112天:2.5–3kg/d公斤/天Criticalfetalgrowthperiod胎儿生长关键时期Mammarytissuegrowth乳腺组织生长Day112天–Farrow产仔:2kg/d公斤/天Rapidfetalgrowth胎儿快速生长/sundae_mengLactation泌乳/sundae_mengFactorsaffectingFeedIntakeduringlactation泌乳期影响采食量的因素Temperature温度Protein%蛋