管理会计-专业知识讲座

管理睬计

MANAGEMENTACCOUNTINGLecturer:WangLihua王黎华四川大学工商管理学院LilyWangIntroduction1.Whyshouldwestudyaccounting2.thepurposesofthiscourse3.whatwewilllearnReferenceMaterials:1.管理睬计教材2.成本会计教材3.财务管理教材4.《PrinciplesofCorporateFinance》5.《CostAccounting》6.《ManagementAccounting》informationflowaccountingdataflow

businessactivities

monetaryinformation

accountingdata

accountingprocedures

processedbusinessinformation

makingdecisionsPUBLICACCOUNTINGACCOUNTINGPRIVATEACCOUNTINGFINANCIALACCOUNTINGPRIVATEACCOUNTINGMANAGEMENTACCOUNTINGEXTERNALUSERSINTERNALUSERSContentsPrefaceCostclassificationandcostbehaviorAbsorptionandMarginalCostingCost-volume-profitAnalysis

Short-termdecisionsLong-termdecisions-Capitalbudgeting

BudgetingResponsibilityaccounting

standardcostingChapter1Informationfor

managementChaptercontents1.Organizations2.Informationformanagement3.FinancialAccounting&ManagementAccounting4.presentinginformationtomanagement1.OrganizationsWhydoorganisationsexist:Thisdependsonthetypeoforganisationanditsobjectives.Withprofitseekingorganisationstheyprimarilyexisttogeneratewealthfortheirowners.

1)Organisations’objectives(Primaryobjective):

Profitseekingorganisations:tomaximisethewealthoftheownersofthebusinessPublicsectororganisation:provisionofaqualityproduct/servicewithinavalueformoneyframework.Notforprofitorganisations(NFPO):provisionsofasocialorcommunityserviceforthewellbeingofsociety.OtherobjectivesofprofitseekingorganisationsMaximizeprofitMaximizerevenueIncreasemarketshareMinimizecosts2)FunctionsofmanagementSettingobjectivesMakingplansMakingdecisionsPuttingplans(decisions)intoactionMonitoringactualresultsTakingcontrolactionEvaluatingperformancePlanningandControlandMakingdecisionsDecisionmakingprocessMCS:ManagementcontrolsystemBasicelements:PlanningRecordingCarryingoutComparingEvaluatingTakingcorrectiveactionMIS:managementinformationsystem3)Anthony’sviewofmanagementactivityStrategicplanning:settingobjectivesandstrategictargetsManagementcontrol:decisionsabouttheefficientandeffectiveuseofresourcesOperationalcontrol:carryoutspecifictasksOrganization’sresources:4Msmen,materials,machines,money4)Managementactivities’hierarchyStrategicplanningandcontrolTacticalplanningandcontrolOperationalplanningandcontrol2.InformationformanagementWhydomanagersneedinformationWhattypeofinformationtheyneedHowcantheygettheinformationtheyneedWhencantheyget1)Whyisinformationimportant?Managementneedinformationtoplan,controlandmakedecisions2)DataandinformationDataInformation3)ThequalitiesofgoodinformationhavepurposerelevantTimelyandclearunderstandableaccuratecompletenotexcessivecommunicatedtorightpersonbyrightchannelconfidencevalueshouldexceedthecostThecostofinformationGatheringcostProcessingcostStoringcostProvidingcostQ:Howtoassessthevalueofinformation?4)ThetypeofinformationFinancialinformationNon-FinancialinformationAcombinationoffinancialinformationandNon-financialinformationStrategicinformationTacticalinformationOperationalinformationNote:thefeaturesofthem5)Sourcesofinformationinternalandexternalsourcesstructuredinformationsystemsandnon-structuredways3.FinancialAccounting&ManagementAccountingFinancialaccountingManagementaccountingcostaccountingFinancialAccounting:recordingandreportinghistoricaldata.ManagementAccounting:decidingwherethecompanywantstogoandensuringitgetsthere.Costaccounting:ispartofmanagementaccounting.Itprovidesdataforthemanagementaccountanttouse.1)FinancialAccountingversusManagementAccountingFinancialAccountingManagementAccountingpurposedetailhistoricalperformanceforgeneraluseaidplan,control,makingdecisionusersstakeholdersmanagersfocusesfinancialposition,profitability,cashflowsSpecificareasofanorganization'sactivities(continued)FinancialAccountingManagementAccountinginfluencingfactorslaw,GAAP,IAP,IFRSnostrictrulespresentedmeasuresmonetarymonetaryandnon-monetaryPeriodscopeofdatahistoricalHistoricalandfutureItisimportanttorememberthatasmanagementaccountingisforwardlooking,itreliesheavilyonguessesandapproximations,todealwithfutureuncertainties.Wethereforehavetousereasonableapproximationsinallourcalculations.

2)CostaccountingThedifferencesbetweencostaccountingandmanagementaccountingAimsofcostaccounts3)Theroleofaccountants4.PresentinginformationtomanagementReportingHowtopreparereports

ReportformatReviewNewwords,phrasesandspecialterms

Howtorememberthewholecontentsofchapter1FinancialaccountingsystemmanagementaccountingsystemProcesseddata—structuredinformationStrategic,tacticalandoperationalinformationInternalsources,externalsourcesNumericalandnon-numericalinformationFinancialandnon-financialinformationWithgoodqualitiesreportedTodifferentLevelsofmanagementPlanningandcontrol(makingdecisions)Strategic,tacticalandOperationaldecisionsRegularandadhocdecisionsToachieveobjectivesortargetsQuestions&Exercises1.INFORMATIONFORMANAGEMENT 18MINSExplainwhatyouunderstandbytheterm'costaccounting'anddescribethebenefitswhichacostaccountingsystemproducesforanorganisation.(Youmayrefertoyourownexperiencerelatingtocostingsystemsinyouranswer). (10marks)2.Theroleofinformationtechnologyinmanagementinformation 18MINS

Computersareusedforthepurposeofprocessingdataforawiderangeofapplications.(a) Whatdoyouunderstandbythetermdataprocessing? (2marks)(b) Identifyanddescribefivebasicdataprocessingactivities,illustratingeachonewithapracticalexamplefromacomputerisedweeklypayrollsystem. (5marks)(c) Whataretheadvantagesofusingacomputertoprocessdata? (3marks)(10marks)Objectivetestquestions1.WhichofthefollowingcouldbetruewithregardtoaMIS?AdatabasesystemUsedforplanning,directingandcontrollingactivitiesAhierarchyofinformationwithinorganisationA(1)and(2)onlyB(1)and(3)