河北省石家庄市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题

2/2河北省石家庄市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解SummerHighSchoolProgramsofBostonUniversityHighSchoolHonorsReadytopushyourlimitsacademically?Excitedtogetoutofyourcomfortzone,explorenewsubjects,andearncollegecredits?Ifthissoundslikeyouandyouareenteringyourjuniororsenioryear,HighSchoolHonorsoffersaBostonUniversitypre-collegeexperiencethatwillchallengeyouandenrichyourknowledge.Programbegins:July5Programends:August5AcademicImmersion(AIM)Ifyouwanttofocusonaspecificsubjectforaboutthreeweeks,AIMisforyou.Itcombinesclassroomworkandtheoreticalstudieswithpracticalapplicationsandactivitiesbasedonexperiencesincludingfieldtripsandgroupprojects.Inadditiontoexperiencingcollegelife,you’llgaininvaluableinsightintopotentialcareerpaths.Thisprogramisopentohighschooljuniorsandseniors.Programbegins:July2Programends:July21SummerChallengeIt’scalledSummerChallengebecauseitpushesyouinsomanyways.Youwillexploreyourinterests,discovernewones,testyouracademicboundaries,andexperiencethecollegelife.Alongtheway,youwillmakenewfriendsandgettoknowmoreaboutBostonUniversity.Ifyou’reahighschoolsenior,you’reinforafewunforgettableweeks.Programbegins:July3Programends:August14RISEPracticumIfyou’recrazyaboutscienceandareastudentcurrentlyinyourjunioryearofhighschool,weinviteyoutoapplyfortheResearchinScience&Engineering(RISE)program.Youwillresearchwithsomeofthenation’sbrightestscientificmindswhileadvancingyourSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmathematics)knowledgeandskills.Programbegins:July6Programends:August111．WhatdoHighSchoolHonorsandAcademicImmersionhaveincommon?A．Theyenablestudentstoearncollegecredits.B．Theyinvolvestudentsintheoutdooractivities.C．Theyprovideadviceonstudents'potentialcareer.D．Theyareintendedforhighschooljuniorsandseniors.2．Whichprogramlaststhelongest?A．HighSchoolHonors. B．AcademicImmersion.C．SummerChallenge. D．RISEPracticum.3．WhatcanyoudoinRISEPracticum?A．Advancesocialskills. B．Researchwithgreatscientists.C．Explorenewinterests. D．Testengineeringknowledge.【答案】1．D2．C3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个波士顿大学暑期高中课程。1．细节理解题。根据小标题HighSchoolHonors下的段落中“Ifthissoundslikeyouandyouareenteringyourjuniororsenioryear,HighSchoolHonorsoffersaBostonUniversitypre-collegeexperiencethatwillchallengeyouandenrichyourknowledge.(如果这听起来像是你正在进入高三或高四，高中荣誉课程将为你提供波士顿大学大学预科课程，这将挑战你并丰富你的知识)”以及小标题AcademicImmersion(AIM)下的段落中“Thisprogramisopentohighschooljuniorsandseniors.(这个项目面向高中三年级和四年级学生)”可知HighSchoolHonors和AcademicImmersion的共同之处是，它们面向高中三年级和四年级学生。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据小标题HighSchoolHonors下的“Programbegins:July5，Programends:August5(项目开始时间:7月5日，项目结束时间:8月5日)”可知，持续31天，根据小标题AcademicImmersion(AIM)下的“Programbegins:July2，Programends:July21(项目开始时间:7月2日，项目结束时间:7月21日)”可知，持续20天，根据小标题SummerChallenge下的“Programbegins:July3，Programends:August14(项目开始时间:7月3日，项目结束时间:8月14日)”可知，持续42天，根据小标题RISEPracticum下的“Programbegins:July6，Programends:August11(项目开始时间:7月6日，项目结束时间:8月11日)”可知，持续36天，所以四个项目中持续时间最长是的SummerChallenge。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据小标题RISEPracticum下的段落中“Youwillresearchwithsomeofthenation’sbrightestscientificmindswhileadvancingyourSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmathematics)knowledgeandskills.(你将与美国最聪明的科学家一起研究，同时提高你的STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)知识和技能)”可知，在RISE实习课程中你将和伟大的科学家一起研究。故选B项。WhenIwassix,Iembarrassedaboyinclassbytellingtheteacherhe’dwethimself.HesatfarbehindmebutIsmelledit,intensely.Hewassoupsetthatmygrandmotherwascalledintoschool.Whenwegothome,shewarned,“Neveruseyoursenseofsmellforthatagain.”SheexplainedthatI,likeher,hadhereditaryhyperosmia,meaningI’masuper-smeller.MyhusbandLesandIbothpursuedmedicalcareers.Oneday,Iwasstruckbythesmellofapatient.Ilaterlearnedthatshehaddiabetes(糖尿病)andwhatIsmelledwasraisedketones,achemicalproducedbytheliver(肝).Iknewdoctorswouldn’tacceptmydiagnoses(诊断),soIstayedquiet.In1982,beforeLes’s32ndbirthday,Ismeltsomethingstrangeonhim.Ithoughtitmightbetheairoftheplaceheworkedin.Twelveyearslater,in1994,hewasdiagnosedwithParkinson’sdisease.Itwasn’tuntilthelastmonthsofhislife,morethan20yearslater,thatwediscoveredIcoulddetectthediseaseinothers,too.Wefeltaresponsibilitytodosomething.WeattendedalecturebyProf.Kunath,aneurobiologist.Iasked,“WhyisthesmellofParkinson’snotbeingusedforearlydiagnosis?,,Hedidn’tanswerandweleft,disappointed.Butfourmonthslater,hecalledourhome.Hehadfoundmeafterrelayingmyquestiontoacolleague,whotoldhim,“Youmustfindher.”Webegantoworkasateamtoprovemytheory.WhenLesdiedin2015,hemademepromiseI’dcarryontheresearch.Ispenttimeinlabs,smellingsufferersskinoilonswabs(棉签).IcoulddetectwhetherthepersonhadParkinson’swith95%accuracy.Thisyear,ourresearchteampublishedabreakthrough:athree-minutetestthatcandetectthediseasebyrunningaswabalongsomeone’sneck.I’vebecomeknownanddeliveredmanylectures.I’mworkingondetectingcancersandtuberculosis.Ineverimagined,at72,thiswouldbemylift’swork.IconstantlythinkabouthowIlostmyLes,butalsohowIfinallyfulfilledmypromise.4．Whatdidtheauthordowhenshesmeltsomethingstrangeonherhusband?A．Shetookthesmelllightly. B．Shedrovehimtohospital.C．Shewarnedhimofadisease. D．Shemadehimshowermore.5．WhydidProf.Kunathcalltheauthor?A．Tomakeanapologytoher.B．Toinviteherforaspecificresearch.C．Todiscussherhusband’sdisease.D．Topromotehertoahigherposition.6．Howwasapatient’sParkinson’sdetectedaccordingtoParagraph5?A．Byhavingabrieftalkwiththedoctor.B．Bytakingabloodexamination.C．Byconductingashortandeasyskintest.D．Byrubbingaswabinthenose.7．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherpresentwork?A．Painful. B．Tiring. C．Easy. D．Rewarding.【答案】4．A5．B6．C7．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者患有遗传性嗅觉过敏症，她发现自己能闻到有病的人身上特殊的气味，和同伴就这个问题展开研究，最后发明了一种快速的疾病检测方法。4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In1982,beforeLes’s32ndbirthday,Ismeltsomethingstrangeonhim.

Ithoughtitmightbetheairof’theplaceheworkedin.(1982年，在莱斯32岁生日之前，我在他身上闻到了一种奇怪的味道。我想可能是因为他工作的地方的空气)”可推知，作者以为丈夫身上奇怪的味道可能是因为他工作的地方的空气，所以她对那股气味毫不在意。故选A项。5．推理判断题。根据第四段段中“Butfourmonthslater,hecalledourhome.Hehadfoundmeafterrelayingmyquestiontoacolleague,whotoldhim,“Youmustfindher.”Webegantoworkasateamtoprovemytheory.(但四个月后，他给我们家打了电话。他是在把我的问题转告给一位同事后找到我的，那位同事告诉他：“你必须找到她。”我们开始作为一个团队来证明我的理论)”可推知，Kunath教授给作者打电话是为了邀请她做一个具体的研究。故选B项。6．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thisyear,ourresearchteampublishedabreakthrough:athree-minutetestthatcandetectthediseasebyrunningaswabalongsomeone’sneck.(今年，我们的研究团队发表了一项突破：一种三分钟的测试，可以通过在某人的脖子上擦拭棉签来检测疾病)”可知，他们发明了一种方法，通过一个简单的皮肤测试检测出患者的帕金森症。故选C项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’vebecomeknownanddeliveredmanylectures.I’mworkingondetectingcancersandtuberculosis.Ineverimagined,at72,thiswouldbemylift’swork.IconstantlythinkabouthowIlostmyLes,butalsohowIfinallyfulfilledmypromise.(我已为人所知，并发表了许多演讲。我正在研究癌症和肺结核。我从未想过，在72岁时，这会是我的工作。我一直在想我是如何失去我的莱斯的，但我也最终实现了我的承诺)”可推知，作者完全没想到这会是自己的工作，所以她认为现在的工作是一种奖励。故选D项。Thewidespreadsedentary(久坐不动的)lifestylehasbecomeaprobleminAmerica,fuelingtherisingobesity(肥胖)rate.Nowanewstudyfindsthatbeingsurroundedbyactivefriendscanhelpapersonlivingasedentarylifestylegetmoreexerciseeachday.ResearchersattheUSMilitaryAcademyfoundthatpeopleinsocialgroupswhereexerciseisvaluedaremorelikelytobemoreactivethemselves.Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytolivesedentarylifestyleswithoutanotherpersonaroundtogivethemaboost.Thefindingshighlighttheideathatthecompanyapersonkeepscanbeaboosttotheiroverallhealthanddirectioninlife.Dr.DianaThomas,aprofessoratamilitaryschoolandstudyauthorsaidthattheideafortheresearchcamefromreallifeexperiencesonthecampus.Herteamhadnoticedatrendofpeoplebecomingmoreinterestedinfitnessandotheractivitiesoncearrivingattheschool.Thisisnotusuallythecaseatotherschoolsandworkplaces,wherethereisnosignificantimpactonfitness.Thomasbelievedthatthistrendcouldbetheresultofin-groupsocialconditioning,wherepeoplewilltakepartinactivitiesthatothersaroundthemaredoing.Peoplewhosedataweregatheredforthestudyweresplitintothreegroupsbasedontheirphysicalactivitylevel一sedentary,moderatelyandextremelyactive.Moderatelyactivefolkswerethemostimportantfordrawingpeoplewhoaresedentarytobecomeactive,andtosustainthatactivity.Thomasexplainedthatsedentarypeoplewouldbeunlikelytochangetheirbehaviorwhenplacedinagroupoftheextremelyactive,asitwouldseemunattainable.8．Whydoestheauthormentiontherisingobesityrateinthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakecomparisons. B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tosupporttheargument. D．Toprovideexamples.9．Whathelpsasedentarypersonbecomeactive?A．Volunteeringinsocialgroups.B．Workinginacaringcompany.C．Joiningsports-lovingfriends.D．Givingalonelyneighboraboost.10．Whatmighthavecausedthetrendatthemilitaryschool?A．Requirementsfromtheschool.B．People’snaturaladditiontosports.C．Socialinteractionwithinagroup.D．Competitionagainstotherschools.11．WhyareextremelyactivepeoplelessinfluentialaccordingtoDr.Thomas?A．Theyhavenoappealforsedentarypeople.B．Theyareunwillingtoinvolvesedentarypeople.C．Theythemselvesoftenfailtosustainexercising.D．Theyseemlikeanexamplebeyondsedentarypeople.【答案】8．B9．C10．C11．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，身边有活跃的朋友可以帮助久坐不动的人每天得到更多的锻炼。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thewidespreadsedentary(久坐不动的)lifestylehasbecomeaprobleminAmerica,fuelingtherisingobesity(肥胖)rate.(在美国，普遍的久坐生活方式已经成为一个问题，加剧了肥胖率的上升)”以及第二段首句“Nowanewstudyfindsthatbeingsurroundedbyactivefriendscanhelpapersonlivingasedentarylifestylegetmoreexerciseeachday.(现在一项新的研究发现，身边有活跃的朋友可以帮助久坐不动的人每天得到更多的锻炼)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了不断上升的肥胖率，是为了介绍主题，如何降低肥胖率。故选B项。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ResearchersattheUSMilitaryAcademyfoundthatpeopleinsocialgroupswhereexerciseisvaluedaremorelikelytobemoreactivethemselves.

Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytolivesedentarylifestyleswithoutanotherpersonaroundtogivethemaboost.

Thefindingshighlighttheideathatthecompanyapersonkeepscanbeaboosttotheiroverallhealthanddirectioninlife.(美国军事学院的研究人员发现，在重视锻炼的社会群体中，人们自己也更有可能活跃起来。孤独的人更有可能过着久坐不动的生活方式，身边没有人给他们鼓励。研究结果强调了一个观点，即一个人的同伴可以促进他们的整体健康和生活方向)”可知，热爱运动的朋友可以帮助久坐的人变得活跃起来。故选C项。10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thomasbelievedthatthistrendcouldbetheresultofin-groupsocialconditioning,wherepeoplewilltakepartinactivitiesthatothersaroundthemaredoing.(托马斯认为，这种趋势可能是群体内社会条件作用的结果，在群体内，人们会参与周围其他人正在做的活动)”可知，群体内的社会互动导致了军校的这种趋势。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thomasexplainedthatsedentarypeoplewouldbeunlikelytochangetheirbehaviorwhenplacedinagroupoftheextremelyactive,asitwouldseemunattainable.(托马斯解释说，久坐不动的人在一组极度活跃的人群中不太可能改变他们的行为，因为这似乎是不可能实现的)”可推知，常活跃的人似乎是久坐不动的人之外的榜样。故选D项。Whales,particularlybaleenandspermwhales,areamongthelargestcreaturesonEarth.Theirpresenceintheoceanshapestheecosystemsaroundthem.Thesecreaturesarealsohelpingtodeterminethetemperatureoftheplanet.Whenwhalesdie,theysinktotheoceanfloorandallthecarbonthatisstoredintheirextremelylargebodiesistransferredfromsurfacewaterstothedeepsea,whereitremainsforcenturiesormore.Scientistsfoundthatbeforeindustrialwhaling,populationsofwhaleswouldhavesunkbetween190,000to1.9milliontonnesofcarbonperyeartothebottomoftheocean,whichequalstakingbetween40,000and410,000carsofftheroadeachyear.Butwhentheyarekilledandtheirbodiesarepreventedfromsinkingtotheseabed,thatcarbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere.Butwhalesarenotonlyvaluableindeath.Thetidesofexcrement(排泄物)thatwhalesproducearealsosurprisinglyrelevanttotheclimate.Theiriron-richexcrementcreatestheperfectgrowingconditionsforphytoplankton(浮游植物).Thesecreaturesmaybemicroscopic,but,takentogether,theyhaveagreatinfluenceontheplanet’satmosphere,absorbingabout40%ofallCO2produced,fourtimestheamountabsorbedbytheAmazonrainforest.“Whalinghasremovedahugeorganiccarbonpumpfromtheoceanthatwouldhavebeenhavingamuchlargermultiplyingeffectonphytoplanktonproductivityandtheocean’sabilitytoabsorbcarbon,”saysVickiJames,policymanageratWhaleandDolphinConservation.Whatthismeansisthatrestoringwhalepopulationstotheirpre-whalingnumberscouldbeanimportanttoolinfightingclimatechange,andhelpingtoslightlyreducethelargeamountofCO2fromfossilfuelseveryyear.12．Whathappenstothecarbonstoredinwhalesaftertheyarehunted?A．Itremainsintheirbodies. B．Itenterstheatmosphere.C．Itsinkstothedeepsea. D．Ittransferstosurfacewaters.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“microscopic”meaninParagraph3?A．Tiny. B．Destructive. C．Extinct. D．Rare.14．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Whalesaremorevaluableaftertheydie.B．Excrementofwhalesacceleratesglobalwarming.C．40%ofCO2isabsorbedbytheAmazonrainforest.D．Whalinghasanegativeinfluenceonclimatechange.15．Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?A．WhatWecanDotoSaveWhalesB．HowWhalesHelpCooltheEarthC．WhatisClimateChangeDoingtoWhalesD．WhyWhalePopulationsareDecliningSharply【答案】12．B13．A14．D15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了捕鲸对气候的影响。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butwhentheyarekilledandtheirbodiesarepreventedfromsinkingtotheseabed,thatcarbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere.(但是当它们被杀死时，它们的尸体被阻止沉入海底，碳就会被释放到大气中)”可知，鲸鱼被猎杀后，储存在鲸鱼体内的碳会被释放到大气中。故选B项。13．词句猜测题。根据前文“Theiriron-richexcrementcreatestheperfectgrowingconditionsforphytoplankton.(它们富含铁的排泄物为浮游植物创造了完美的生长条件)”可知，划线词所在句中的主语Thesecreatures指的是浮游植物，再根据后文“but,takentogether,theyhaveagreatinfluenceontheplanet’satmosphere(但加在一起，它们对地球的大气有很大的影响)”结合常识可推知，此处表达“浮游植物虽然很小，但是加在一起，它们对地球的大气有很大的影响”之意，所以可推知microscopic意为“微小的”之意，和A项“Tiny”意思相近。故选A项。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Theiriron-richexcrementcreatestheperfectgrowingconditionsforphytoplankton.Thesecreaturesmaybemicroscopic,but,takentogether,theyhaveagreatinfluenceontheplanet’satmosphere,absorbingabout40%ofallCO2produced,fourtimestheamountabsorbedbytheAmazonrainforest.(它们富含铁的排泄物为浮游植物创造了完美的生长条件。这些生物可能是微观的，但加在一起，它们对地球的大气有很大的影响，吸收了所有产生的二氧化碳的40%，是亚马逊雨林吸收量的四倍)”倒数第二段中““Whalinghasremovedahugeorganiccarbonpumpfromtheoceanthatwouldhavebeenhavingamuchlargermultiplyingeffectonphytoplanktonproductivityandtheocean’sabilitytoabsorbcarbon,”saysVickiJames,policymanageratWhaleandDolphinConservation.(鲸鱼和海豚保护组织的政策经理VickiJames说:“捕鲸已经从海洋中移除了一个巨大的有机碳泵，这将对浮游植物的生产力和海洋吸收碳的能力产生更大的影响。”)”可推知，捕鲸会降低浮游植物的数量，从而降低碳的吸收量，对气候有很大影响，所以捕鲸对气候变化有负面影响。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whales,particularlybaleenandspermwhales,areamongthelargestcreaturesonEarth.Theirpresenceintheoceanshapestheecosystemsaroundthem.Thesecreaturesarealsohelpingtodeterminethetemperatureoftheplanet.(鲸鱼，尤其是须鲸和抹香鲸，是地球上最大的生物之一。它们在海洋中的存在塑造了它们周围的生态系统。这些生物也有助于确定地球的温度)”以及最后一段“Whatthismeansisthatrestoringwhalepopulationstotheirpre-whalingnumberscouldbeanimportanttoolinfightingclimatechange,andhelpingtoslightlyreducethelargeamountofCO2fromfossilfuelseveryyear.(这意味着，将鲸鱼数量恢复到捕鲸前的数量可能是应对气候变化的重要工具，并有助于略微减少每年化石燃料产生的大量二氧化碳)”可知，本文主要讲述了鲸鱼对气候的影响，主要是能减少大量二氧化碳，减少温室效应，所以B项“HowWhalesHelpCooltheEarth(鲸鱼如何帮助地球降温)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。二、七选五Foodwastehasbecomeasevereproblemacrosstheworldduetoalackofunderstandingofhowtoeffectivelyusefoodandconserveit.Roughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedgloballyiseitherlostorwastedeveryyear.16StopFoodWasteDayisaninternationaldayofactioninthefightagainstfoodwaste.Itbeganbackin2017byCompassGroup,oneoftheworld’slargestfood-servicecompaniesservingrestaurants,cafes,hospitals,schools,andmore.17Onthisday,Compasscountryteamswillworktogethertoraiseawarenessofthecriticalfoodwasteproblemandinspirechange.StopFoodWasteDayaimstoeducatepeopleabouttheirfoodwaste.18StopFoodWasteDayhopestochangethewayleftoversareused,sopeoplecantakethemostsignificantadvantageofwhatfoodtheyuse.TheCompassGroupfocusestheeffortsofitsmissionbyteachingtheirchefshowtotrackandreducewasteasmuchaspossible.Theyalsoseektodonatemorethan250,000poundsoffoodeachyeartolocalfoodbanks.19Showyoursupportbylookingupsimplerecipestobestuseleftoversandfreshproduce.Beforefoodshopping,planaheadbymakingalistandonlybuyingwhatyouknowyou’lluse.20Getintothehabitoffreezingleftovers,insteadofthrowingthemintherubbish.Besides,helpteachpeopleaboutthebenefitsofsavingfoodwaste.A．Itbrings30countriestogether.B．Nowit’syourturntotakeaction.C．Foodwaste,however,canbestopped.D．Helpschedulecookingdemonstrationsandsharerecipes.E．Moreimportantly,itofferscreativeandimpactfulsolutions.F．CompassGrouppromisedtoreducefoodwasteby30%by2025.G．Alsoavoidwastingfoodbyseeingwhatneedstobeusedupbeforeyougoshopping.【答案】16．C17．A18．E19．B20．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食物浪费已经成为一个严重的问题，介绍了“停止食物浪费日”是一个打击食物浪费的国际行动日。16．根据上文“Foodwastehasbecomeasevereproblemacrosstheworldduetoalackofunderstandingofhowtoeffectivelyusefoodandconserveit.Roughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedgloballyiseitherlostorwastedeveryyear.(由于缺乏对如何有效利用和保存食物的了解，食物浪费已经成为一个严重的问题。每年全球生产的粮食大约有三分之一不是丢失就是浪费)”结合后文提到了停止食物浪费日，可知，本句与上文构成转折，故C选项“然而，食物浪费是可以停止的”符合语境，故选C。17．根据上文“StopFoodWasteDayisaninternationaldayofactioninthefightagainstfoodwaste.Itbeganbackin2017byCompassGroup,oneoftheworld’slargestfood-servicecompaniesservingrestaurants,cafes,hospitals,schools,andmore.(“停止食物浪费日”是一个打击食物浪费的国际行动日。它始于2017年，由Compass集团创办，Compass集团是世界上最大的食品服务公司之一，为餐厅、咖啡馆、医院、学校等提供服务)”以及后文“Onthisday,Compasscountryteamswillworktogethertoraiseawarenessofthecriticalfoodwasteproblemandinspirechange.(在这一天，Compass国家团队将共同努力，提高人们对严重粮食浪费问题的认识，并鼓励变革)”可知，上文提到了Compass集团，故本句承接上文继续介绍Compass集团将这些国家聚集在一起，下文就是其具体行动，故A选项“Itbrings30countriestogether.(它将30个国家聚集在一起。)”符合语境，故选A。18．根据上文“StopFoodWasteDayaimstoeducatepeopleabouttheirfoodwaste.(“停止食物浪费日”旨在教育人们减少食物浪费)”以及后文“StopFoodWasteDayhopestochangethewayleftoversareused,sopeoplecantakethemostsignificantadvantageofwhatfoodtheyuse.(“停止食物浪费日”希望改变剩饭剩菜的使用方式，这样人们就能最大限度地利用他们所使用的食物)”可知，后文提到了“停止食物浪费日”希望改变剩饭剩菜的使用方式，即为减少食物浪费提供了解决方案，故E选项“更重要的是，它提供了创造性和有影响力的解决方案”符合语境，故选E。19．根据后文“Showyoursupportbylookingupsimplerecipestobestuseleftoversandfreshproduce.Beforefoodshopping,planaheadbymakingalistandonlybuyingwhatyouknowyou’lluse.(通过查找简单的食谱来表达你的支持，最好地利用剩菜和新鲜农产品。在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用的东西)”可知，后文提到了食谱对减少食物浪费的作用,所以空处号召人们采取行动停止浪费。故B选项“Nowit’syourturntotakeaction.(现在轮到你采取行动了。)”符合语境，故选B。20．根据上文“Showyoursupportbylookingupsimplerecipestobestuseleftoversandfreshproduce.Beforefoodshopping,planaheadbymakingalistandonlybuyingwhatyouknowyou’lluse.(通过查找简单的食谱来表达你的支持，最好地利用剩菜和新鲜农产品。在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用的东西)”可知，上文提到了在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用的东西，即在购物之前就选好食物，避免浪费。故G选项“在你去购物之前，也要看看哪些食物需要消耗掉，以避免浪费食物”符合语境，故选G。三、完形填空LastyearinOctober,myfamilyandItookourfirstcampingtrip.Mywholefamily21,whichwasthemostimportantpartofthetripforme.Mysiblings(兄弟姐妹)areadultswithdifferent22,whichmakesitdifficultforusto23anactivitylikethis.Wehadsetupthetentwhenitsuddenlystartedraining.24,wehadpositionedthetentonahighflatsurfacewhere25couldnotcomeintoourtent.Evenwiththerain,Ihadneverbeenhappier.Whilewewereall26thesoundoftherain,mymomcookedawarmmealforthefamily.Overthedinner,myfathertoldus27storiesabouthischildhood,whichmadeusburstintolaughter.Atnight,itwasabitcold.MysistersandIgrabbeda28andchattedaboutourdailylife.Soon,ahotmealandagood29warmedusup.Irealizedhow30itwascampingunderthesoundoftherain.Icametounderstandwhymyparentswereso31aboutcamping.Thenextday,we32ourbelongingsandheadedhome.I’mvery33forthiscampingtrip.NotonlydidIexperiencethebeautyoftheforest,butIalsolearnedthatevenifthe34isnotthebestforcamping,wecanadapttoMotherNatureasafamilytomakeunforgettable35.21．A．cheeredup B．ranaway C．gottogether D．settleddown22．A．lives B．principles C．abilities D．problems23．A．report B．sponsor C．plan D．cancel24．A．Strangely B．Obviously C．Similarly D．Luckily25．A．wind B．water C．animals D．hikers26．A．expecting B．describing C．enjoying D．imagining27．A．touching B．awful C．shocking D．funny28．A．blanket B．phone C．basket D．tent29．A．negotiation B．game C．conversation D．sleep30．A．tough B．unique C．expensive D．popular31．A．particular B．disappointed C．concerned D．enthusiastic32．A．packedup B．pickedout C．leftbehind D．setaside33．A．eager B．grateful C．sorry D．suitable34．A．budget B．season C．equipment D．weather35．A．summaries B．memories C．lessons D．contributions【答案】21．C22．A23．C24．D25．B26．C27．D28．A29．C30．B31．D32．A33．B34．D35．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和全家一起度过了一次难忘的露营之旅。21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：全家人聚在一起，这对我来说是这次旅行最重要的部分。A.cheeredup振奋起来；B.ranaway逃跑；C.gottogether在一起；D.settleddown安定下来。根据前文“LastyearinOctober,myfamilyandItookourfirstcampingtrip.”可知，是作者家人第一次去露营，所以是全家聚在一起。故选C项。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的兄弟姐妹都是有各自生活的成年人，这让我们很难计划这样的活动。A.lives生活；B.principles原则；C.abilities能力；D.problems问题。根据前文“Mysiblingsareadults”可知，作者的兄弟姐妹都是成年人了，所以有各自的生活。故选A项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的兄弟姐妹都是有各自生活的成年人，这让我们很难计划这样的活动。A.report报告；B.sponsor赞助；C.plan计划；D.cancel取消。根据前文“Mysiblings(兄弟姐妹)areadultswithdifferent2”可知，作者的兄弟姐妹都是有各自生活的成年人，所以让他们很难计划这样的活动。故选C项。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们把帐篷安置在一个很高的平面上，这样水就不会进入我们的帐篷。A.Strangely奇怪地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Similarly相似地；D.Luckily幸运的是。根据前文“Wehadsetupthetentwhenitsuddenlystartedraining.”以及后文“wehadpositionedthetentonahighflatsurface”可知，下雨了，幸运的是，作者一家把帐篷安置在一个很高的平面上。故选D项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们把帐篷安置在一个很高的平面上，这样水就不会进入我们的帐篷。A.wind风；B.water水；C.animals动物；D.hikers徒步旅行者。根据前文“Wehadsetupthetentwhenitsuddenlystartedraining.”可知，开始下雨了，所以是水不会进入我们的帐篷。故选B项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们都在享受雨声时，妈妈为家人做了一顿温暖的饭菜。A.expecting预期；B.describing描述；C.enjoying享受；D.imagining想象。根据后文“thesoundoftherain”结合前文常识可知，作者一家去露营，所以此处表达“享受雨声”之意。故选C项。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吃饭的时候，爸爸给我们讲了他童年的趣事，逗得我们哄堂大笑。A.touching感人的；B.awful很坏的；C.shocking令人震惊的；D.funny有趣的。根据后文“whichmadeusburstintolaughter.”可知，使作者他们哄堂大笑，所以是有趣的故事。故选D项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和姐姐们拿了一条毯子，聊起了我们的日常生活。A.blanket毯子；B.phone电话；C.basket篮子；D.tent帐篷。根据前文“Atnight,itwasabitcold.”可知，有点冷，所以是拿了毯子保暖。故选A项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，一顿热腾腾的饭菜和一段愉快的谈话使我们暖和起来。A.negotiation谈判；B.game游戏；C.conversation谈话；D.sleep睡眠。根据前文“mymomcookedawarmmealforthefamily.”以及“MysistersandIgrabbeda8andchattedaboutourdailylife.”可知，此处指一顿热腾腾的饭菜和一段愉快的谈话。故选C项。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到在雨声中露营是多么独特。A.tough艰苦的；B.unique独特的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.popular流行的。根据上段内容可知，作者一家因为下雨，待在帐篷里享受着雨声，妈妈为大家准备了热饭，爸爸讲述了童年趣事，兄弟姐妹间聊着日常生活，结合选项，这些事让作者意识到在雨声中露营是多么独特。故选B项。31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白为什么我的父母如此热衷于野营。A.particular特别的；B.disappointed失望的；C.concerned担心的；D.enthusiastic热情的。根据前文“Irealizedhow10itwascampingunderthesoundoftherain.”可知，作者意识到雨声中露营是多么独特，所以明白了父母为什么如此热衷于野营。故选D项。32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天，我们收拾行李回家了。A.packedup收拾行李；B.pickedout分辨出；C.leftbehind遗留；D.setaside留作……之用。根据后文“headedhome”可知，此处是“收拾行李回家了”之意。故先A项。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激这次露营之旅。A.eager渴望的；B.grateful感激的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.suitable合适的。根据后文“NotonlydidIexperiencethebeautyoftheforest,butIalsolearnedthatevenifthe14isnotthebestforcamping,wecanadapttoMotherNatureasafamilytomakeunforgettable15.”可知，作者从这次露营中学到很多，所以是感激这次露营。故选B项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不仅体验到了森林的美丽，而且我还学会了即使天气不是最适合露营的，我们也可以适应大自然，作为一个家庭来创造难忘的回忆。A.budget预算；B.season季节；C.equipment装备；D.weather天气。根据前文内容可知，作者一家露营时赶上下雨，所以根据后文“isnotthebestforcamping”可知，此处表达“即使天气不适合露营”之意。故选D项。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不仅体验到了森林的美丽，而且我还学会了即使天气不是最适合露营的，我们也可以适应大自然，作为一个家庭来创造难忘的回忆。A.summaries总结；B.memories回忆；C.lessons课；D.contributions贡献。根据全文内容，可知作者和家人度过了一次难忘的露营之旅，再根据空前的“unforgettable”结合选项可知，此处表“难忘的回忆”之意。故选B项。四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThehistoryofhutongscandatebacktotheYuanDynasty(1271—1368),whentheterm“hutong”,36(initial)meaning“waterwells”,firstappearedinitscapital,nowknownasBeijing.TheYuannoblesandhigh-rankingarmyofficials37(award)landsastheirestatesinthecity.Theybuilthousesandcourtyards,nowcalled“Siheyuan”,whichwerearrangedin38orderlywayaroundthewells.IntheMingDynasty(1368—1644),thecenterofBeijingwastheForbiddenCity,withtheInnerCityandOuterCity39(surround)it.Upperclasscitizenswerepermittedtolivecloser40thecenter.Nobleslivedtotheeastandwestofthepalace.Thehutongsformedbytheirhouseswerelinedbyspacioushomesandgardens.Fartherfromthepalaceandtoitsnorthandsouth41(be)thecommoners.TheirSiheyuanswerefarsmallerinsizeandsimplerin42(decorate),andthehutongswerenarrower.Nowadays,ifyouvisitBeijing,Nanluoguxiangisamust-see.The786-meterlongsouth-northhutongislinedwithbars,hotelsandstores.Therearealso8hutongs—43(hide)ontheeastandwestsidesofthemainlaneofNanluoguxiangaswellasformerresidences44celebritiesoncelived.HutongsarethehomeoftheBeijing45(local),whohaveadeepaffectionforthem.【答案】36．initially37．wereawarded38．an39．surrounding40．to41．were42．decoration43．hidden44．where45．locals【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京胡同的历史以及作用。36．考查副词。句意：胡同的历史可以追溯到元朝(1271—1368)，当时“胡同”一词最初意为“水井”，首次出现在首都北京。修饰动词mean应用副词initially，作状语。故填initially。37．考查时态语态。句意：元朝贵族和高级军官被授予土地作为他们在城里的产业。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wereawarded。38．考查冠词。句意：他们建造房屋和庭院，现在被称为“四合院”，它们围绕着水井有序地排列。短语inanorderlyway表示“有序地”。故填an。39．考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝(1368—1644)，北京的中心是紫禁城，内