大学英语六级试卷真题模拟及答案第三套精校版

大学英语六级试卷真题及答案第三套精校版资料仅供参考6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsinagreatway.’’Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointofview.Youshouldwriteatleastl50wordsbutnomorethan200words.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneor,morequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet,withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。A.ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.B.Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.C.Themanwasoperatedonafewweeks.D.Themanisafanofworldfamousfootballplayers.A.Workoutaplantotightenhisbudget.B.Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.C.Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant.D.Solvehisproblembydoingaparttimejob.A.Afinancialburden.B.Agoodcompanion.C.Arealnuisance.D.Awelltrainedpet.A.Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.B.Thewomanwasmistakenherself.C.Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex.D.Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes.A.Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles.B.Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.C.Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper.D.Hewillbeawayforatwo-weekconference.A.Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.B.Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip.C.Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman.D.TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8.A.Theyhavetowaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan.B.Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure.C.Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan.D.Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.8.A.Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease.B.Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic.C.Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.D.It’lltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontro1.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A.Enormoussizeofitsstores.B.Numerousvarietiesoffood.C.Itsappealingsurroundings.D.Itsrichandcolorfulhistory.10.A.Anancientbuilding.B.Aworldofantiques.C.AnEgyptianmuseum.D.AnEgyptianmemorial.11.A.Itspowerbillreaches€9millionayear.B.Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday.C.Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown.D.Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.A.11500.B.30000.C.250000.D.300000.Questionsl3to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A.Transferringtoanotherdepartment.B.Studyingaccountingatauniversity.C.Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.D.Makingpreparationsforherwedding.14.A.Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.B.Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany.C.Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment.D.Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany.A.HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch.B.Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.C.Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhislife.D.HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetTwowithasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestionsl6to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Theyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwatersports.B.Theyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowwaterways.C.Theyarebecominganefficientformofwatertransportation.D.Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansofwaterrecreation.A.Waterscooteroperators’lackofexperience.B.Vacationers’disregardofwatersafetyrules.C.Overloadingofsmallboatsandothercraft.D.Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongtheshore.A.Theyscarewhalestodeath.B.Theyproducetoomuchnoise.C.Theydischargetoxicemissions.D.Theyendangerlotsofwaterlife.A.Expandoperatingareas.B.Restrictoperatinghours.C.Limittheuseofwaterscooters.D.Enforcenecessaryregulations.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Theyarestable.B.Theyareclose.C.Theyarestrained.D.Theyarechanging.21.A.Theyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownbusiness.B.Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.C.Notmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirneighbors.D.Theyattachlessimportancetointerpersonalrelations.A.Countoneachotherforhelp.B.Giveeachotheracoldshoulder.C.Keepafriendlydistance.D.Buildafencebetweenthem.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Itmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleyoungsters.B.ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinAmerica.C.Itmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofoperation.D.Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.A.Itis

lessseriousincitiesthaninruralareas.B.Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.C.Itresultsfromaworseningeconomicclimate.D.ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators.A.Allowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteteachers.B.Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment.C.Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.D.Helpingthemtodevelopbetterstudyhabits.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。I'minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedone,ifwe’reto26asacountry.Icertainlydon’tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainlyget27inahurrywhenyougetintothem,butlwonderifsomethingcouldn’tbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingI'mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputting28injailwhohaven’tharmedanyone.Whynotworkoutsomesystemwherebytheycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadof29anotherdebtbygoingtoprisonand,ofcourse,coming30hardenedcriminals.I'malsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleare31seriouscrimes.Ofcourseonealternativetothisisto32capitalpunishment,butI'mnotsurelwouldbeforthat.I'mnotsureit’srighttotakeaneyeforaneye.Thealternativetocapitalpunishmentislongersentences,buttheywouldcertainlycostthetaxpayersmuchmoney.Ialsothinkwemustdosomethingabouttheinsanity33.Inmyopinion,anyonewhotakesanotherperson’slife34isinsane,however,thatdoesnotmeanthatthepersonisn’tguiltyofthecrime,orthatheshouldn’tpaysocietythedebtheowes.It’ssad,ofcourse,thatapersonmayhavetospendtherestofhislife,oralargepartofitinprisonforactsthathe35whilenotinfullcontrolofhismind.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsintheblankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Travelwebsiteshavebeenaroundsincethe1990s,whenExpedia,Travelocity,andotherholidaybookingsiteswerelaunched,allowingtravelerstocompareflightandhotelpriceswiththeclickofamouse.Withinformationnolonger36____bytravelagentsorhiddeninbusinessnetworks,thetravelindustrywasrevolutionized,asgreatertransparencyhelped37____prices.Today,theindustryisgoingthroughanewrevolution—thistimetransformingservicequality.Onlineratingplatforms—38____inhotels,restaurants,apartments,andtaxis—allowtravelerstoexchangereviewsandexperiencesforalltosee.Hospitalitybusinessesarenowranked,analyzed,andcomparednotbyindustry39____,butbytheverypeopleforwhomtheserviceisintended—thecustomer.Thishas40____anewrelationshipbetweenbuyerandseller.Customershavealwaysvotedwiththeirfeet;theycannowexplaintheirdecisiontoanyonewhoisinterested.Asaresult,businessesaremuchmore41____,ofteninveryspecificways,whichcreatespowerful42____toimproveservice.Althoughsomereadersmightnotcareforgossipyreportsofunfriendlybellboys（行李员）inBerlinormalf-unctioninghotelhairdryersinHouston,thetruepowerofonlinereviewsliesnotjustintheindividualstories,butinthewebsites'43____toaggregatealargevolumeofratings.Theimpactcannotbe44____.Businessesthatattracttopratingscanenjoyrapidgrowth,asnewcustomersareattractedbygoodreviewsand45____provideyetmorepositivefeedback.Sogreatistheinfluenceofonlineratingsthatmanycompaniesnowhiredigitalreputationmanagerstoensureafavorableonlineidentity.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。accountableB.capacityC.controlledD.entailE)forgedF)incentivesG)occasionallyH)overstatedI)persistingJ)pessimisticK)professionalsL)slashM)specializingN)spectatorsO)subsequentlySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PlasticSurgeryAbettercreditcardisthesolutiontoeverlargerhackattacks[A]Athinmagneticstripe(magstripe)isallthatstandsbetweenyourcredit-cardinformationandthebadguys.Andthey'vebeenworkinghardtobreakin.That'swhyisshapingupasamajorshowdown:banks,lawenforcementandtechnologycompaniesarealltryingtostopanetworkofhackerswhoaresucceedinginstealingaccountnumbers,names,emailaddressesandothercrucialdatausedinidentitytheft.Morethan100millionaccountsatTarget,NeimanMarcusandMichaelsstoreswereaffectedinsomewayduringthemostrecentattacks,startinglastNovember.[B]Swipe（刷卡）istheoperativeword:cardsareincreasinglyvulnerabletoattackswhenyoumakepurchasesinastore.Inseveralrecentincidents,hackershavebeenabletoobtainmassiveinformationofcredit-,debit-（借记）orprepaid-cardnumbersusingmalware,i.e.malicioussoftware,insertedsecretlyintotheretailers'point-of-salesystem—thecheckoutregisters.Hackersthensoldthedatatoasecondgroupofcriminalsoperatinginshadowycomersoftheweb.Notlongafter,thestolendatawasshowinguponfakecardsandbeingusedforonlinepurchases.[C]Thesolutioncouldcostaslittleas$2extraforeverypieceofplasticissued.ThefixisasecuritytechnologyusedheavilyoutsidetheU.S.WhileAmericancreditcardsusethe40-year-oldmagstripetechnologytoprocesstransactions,muchoftherestoftheworldusessmartercardswithatechnologycalledEMV(shortforEuropay,MasterCard,Visa)thatemploysachipembeddedinthecardplusacustomerPIN(personalidentificationnumber)toauthenticate（验证）everytransactiononthespot.IfapurchaserfailstopunchinthecorrectPINatthecheckout,thetransactiongetsrejected.(Onlinepurchasescanbemadebysettingupaseparatetransactioncode.)[D]Whyhaven'tbigbanksadoptedthemoresecuretechnology?Whenitcomestomailingoutnewcreditcards,it'sallaboutrelativecosts,saysDavidRobertson,whorunstheNihonReport,anindustrynewsletter:"Thecostofthecard,puttingthestickeronit,codingtheaccountnumberandexpirationdate,embossing（凸印）it,thesmallenvelop—allputtogether,youareinthedollarrange."Achip-and-PINcardcurrentlycostscloserto$3,saysRobertson,becauseofthepriceofchips.(Oncelargeissuersconverttogether,thechipcostsshoulddrop.)[E]Multiply$3bythemorethan5billionmagstripecreditandprepaidcardsincirculationintheU.S.Thenconsiderthatthere'sanestimated$12.4billionincardfraudonaglobalbasis'saysRobertson.With44%ofthatintheU.S.,Americancredit-cardfraudamountstoabout$5.5billionannually.CardissuershavesofarcalculatedthatabsorbingtheliabilityforevenbighacksliketheTargetoneisstillcheaperthanreplacingallthatplastic.[F]ThatleavesAmericanretailersprettymuchalonetheworldoverinrelyingonmagstripetechnologytochargepurchases—andleavesconsumersvulnerable.Eachmagstripehasthreetracksofinformation,explainspaymentssecurityexpertJeremyGumbley,thechieftechnologyofficerofCreditCall,anelectronic-paymentscompany.Thefirstandthirdareusedbythebankorcardissuer.Yourvitalaccountinformationlivesonthesecondtrack,whichhackerstrytocapture."Malwareisscanningthroughthememoryinrealtimeandlookingfordata,"hesays."Itcreatesatextfilethatgetsstolen."[G]Chip-and-PINcards,bycontrast,makefakecardsorskimmingimpossiblebecausetheinformationthatgetsscannedisencrypted（加密）.ThehistoricalreasontheU.S.hasstuckwithmagstripe,ironicallyenough,isoncesuperiortechnology.Ourcheap,ultra-reliablewirednetworksmadecredit-cardauthenticationoverthephonefrictionless.InFrance,cardcompaniescreatedEMVinpartbecausethetelephonemonopolywassomaddeninglyinefficientandexpensive.TheEMVsolutionallowedtransactionstobeverifiedlocallyandsecurely.[H]Somebigbanks,likeWellsFargo,arenowofferingtoconvertyourmagstripecardtoachip-and-PINmodel.(It'sactuallyahybrid（混合体）thatwillstillhaveamagstripe,sincemostU.S.merchantsdon'thaveEMVterminals.)Shouldyoutakethemuponit?Ifyoutravelinternationally,theanswerisyes.[I]Keepinmind,too,thatcreditcardstypicallyhavebetterliabilityprotectionthandebitcards.Ifsomeoneusesyourcreditcardfraudulently（欺诈性地）it'stheissuerormerchant,notyou,thattakesthehit.Debitcardshavedifferentliabilitylimitsdependingonthebankandtheeventssurroundinganyfraud."Ifit'savailable,thelogicalthingistogetachip-and-PINcardfromyourbank,"saysEricAdamowsky,aco-founderofCreditCardI."Iwouldusecreditcardsoverdebitcardsbecauseofliabilityissues."Cashstillworksprettywelltoo.[J]Retailersandbanksstandtobenefitfromthelowerfraudlevelsofchip-and-PINcardsbuthavebeenreluctantforyearstoinvestinthenewinfrastructure（基础设施）neededforthetechnology,especiallyifconsumersdon'thaveaccesstoit.It'sachicken-and-eggproblem;noonewantstospendthemoneyonupgradedpoint-of-salesystemsthatcanreadthechipcardsifshoppersaren'tcarryingthem--yetthere'slittlepointinconsumers'carryingthefancyplasticifstoresaren'tequippedtousethem.(AnearliereffortbyTargettomovetochipandPINnevergainedprogress.)AccordingtoGumbley,there'sa"you-firstmentality.Thelogjam（僵局）hastobebroken."[K]JPMorganChaseCEOJamieDimonrecentlyexpressedhiswillingnesstodoso,notingthatbanksandmerchantshavespentthepastdecadesuingeachotheroverinterchangefees—thepercentageofthetransactionpricetheykeep-ratherthandealwiththegrowinghackingproblem.Chaseoffersachip-enabledcardunderitsownbrandandseveralothersfortravel-relatedcompaniessuchasBritishAirwaysandRitz-Carlton.[L]TheTargetandNeimanhackshavealsochangedthecostcalculation:althoughretailershavebeenreluctanttospendthe$6.75billionthatCapgeminiconsultantsestimateitwilltaketoconvertalltheirregisterstobechip-and-PIN-compatible,thepotentialliabilitytheynowfaceisdramaticallygreater.Targethasbeenhitwithclassactionsfromhackedconsumers."It'stheultimatenightmare,"aretailexecutivefromawell-knownchainadmittedtoTIME.[M]Thecard-paymentcompaniesMasterCardandVisaarepushinghardforchange.Thetwofirmshavewarnedallpartiesinthetransactionchain--merchant,network,bank--thatiftheydon'tbecomeEMV-compliantbyOctober,thepartythatisleastcompliantwillbearthefraudrisk.[N]Inthemeantime,app-equippedsmartphonesanddigitalwallets--allofwhichcanuseEMVtechnology--arebeginningtomakeinroads（侵袭）oncardsandcash.PayPal,forinstance,istestinganappthatletsyouuseyourmobilephonetopayontheflyatlocalmerchants--withoutsurrenderinganycardinformationtothem.Andfurtherdowntheroadisbiometricauthentication,whichcouldbeencryptedwith,say,afingerprint.[O]Creditanddebitcards,though,aregoingtobewithusfortheforeseeablefuture,andsoarehackers,ifwestickwithmagstripetechnology."Itseemscrazytome,"saysGumbley,whoisEnglish,"thatacutting-edge-technologycountryisdependingona40-year-oldtechnology."That'swhyitmaybeuptoconsumerstomovetheneedleonchipandPIN.SaysRobertson:‘‘Whenyougettheconsumerintoapositionofworryandinconvenience,that'swheretherubberhitstheroad."注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.It'sbesttouseanEMVcardforinternationaltravel.47.Personalinformationoncreditanddebitcardsisincreasinglyvulnerabletohacking.48.TheFrenchcardcompaniesadoptedEMVtechnologypartlybecauseofinefficienttelephoneservice.49.WhilemanycountriesusethesmarterEMVcards,theU.S.stillclingstoitsoldmagstripetechnology.50.Attemptsarebeingmadetopreventhackersfromcarryingoutidentitytheft.51.Creditcardsaremuchsafertousethandebitcards.52.Bigbankshavebeenreluctanttoswitchtomoresecuretechnologybecauseofthehighercostsinvolved.53.Thepotentialliabilityforretailersusingmagstripeisfarmorecostlythanupgradingtheirregisters.54.TheuseofmagstripecardsbyAmericanretailersleavesconsumersexposedtotherisksoflosingaccountinformation.55.ConsumerswillbeadrivingforcebehindtheconversionfrommagstripetoEMVtechnology.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThereportfromtheBureauofLaborStatisticswasjustasgloomyasanticipated.UnemploymentinJanuaryjumpedtoa16-yearhighof7.6percent,as598000jobswereslashedfromUSpayrollsintheworstsingle-monthdeclinesinceDecember,1974.With1.8millionjobslostinthelastthreemonths,thereisurgentdesiretoboosttheeconomyasquicklyaspossible.ButWashingtonwoulddowelltotakeadeepbreathbeforereactingtothegrimnumbers.

Collectively,werelyontheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatisticstoframeoursenseofreality.Theyareavitalpartofanarrayofdatathatweusetoassessifwe'redoingwellordoingbadly,andthatinturnshapesgovernmentpoliciesandcorporatebudgetsandpersonalspendingdecisions.Theproblemisthatthestatisticsaren'tanobjectivemeasureofreality;theyaresimplyabestapproximation.Directionally,theycapturethetrends,buttheideathatweknowpreciselyhowmanyareunemployedisamyth.Thatmakesfindingasolutionallthemoredifficult.

First,thereisthewaythedataisassembled.Theofficialunemploymentrateistheproductofatelephonesurveyofabout60000homes.Thereisanothersurvey,sometimesreferredtoasthe"payrollsurvey,"thatassesses400000businessesbasedontheirreportedpayrolls.Bothsurveyshaveproblems.Thepayrollsurveycaneasilydouble-countsomeone:ifyouareonepersonwithtwojobs,youshowupastwoworkers.Thepayrollsurveyalsodoesn'tcapturethenumberofself-employed,andsosayslittleabouthowmanypeoplearegeneratinganindependentincome.

Thehouseholdsurveyhasalargerproblem.Whenaskedstraightforwardly,peopletendtolieorshadethetruthwhenthesubjectissex,moneyoremployment.Ifyougetacallandareaskedifyou'reemployed,andyousayyes,you'reemployed.Ifyousayno,however,itmaysurpriseyoutolearnthatyouareonlyunemployedifyou'vebeenactivelylookingforworkinthepastfourweeks;otherwise,youare"marginallyattachedtothelaborforce"andnotactuallyunemployed.

Theurgetoquantifyisembeddedinoursociety.Buttheideathatstatisticianscanthencaptureanobjectiverealityisn'tjustimpossible.Italsoleadstoseriousmisjudgments.DemocratsandRepublicanscanandwilltakesidesonanumberofissues,butamorecrucialconcernisthatbotharebasingmajorpolicydecisionsonguesstimatesratherthanlookingatthevastwealthofrawdatawithacriticaleyeandanopenmind.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A)TheUSeconomicsituationisgoingfrombadtoworse.

B)Washingtonistakingdrasticmeasurestoprovidemorejobs.

C)TheUSgovernmentisslashingmorejobsfromitspayrolls.

D)TherecenteconomiccrisishastakentheUSbysurprise.57.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatistics?

A)Theyformasolidbasisforpolicymaking.

B)Theyrepresentthecurrentsituation.

C)Theysignalfutureeconomictrends.

D)Theydonotfullyreflectthereality.58.Oneproblemwiththepayrollsurveyisthat________.

A)itdoesnotincludeallthebusinesses

B)itfailstocountintheself-employed

C)itmagnifiesthenumberofthejobless

D)itdoesnottreatallcompaniesequally59.Thehouseholdsurveycanbefaultyinthat________.

A)peopletendtoliewhentalkingonthephone

B)noteverybodyiswillingorreadytorespond

C)somepeoplewon'tprovidetruthfulinformation

D)thedefinitionofunemploymentistoobroad60.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorsuggeststhat________.

A)statisticiansimprovetheirdataassemblingmethods

B)decisionmakersviewthestatisticswithacriticaleye

C)politicianslistenmorebeforemakingpolicydecisions

D)DemocratsandRepublicanscooperateoncrucialissuesQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Atsomepointin,someone,probablyineitherAsiaorAfrica,madethedecisiontomovefromthecountrysidetothecity.Thisnamelesspersonpushedthehumanraceoverahistoricthreshold,foritwasinthatyearthatmankindbecame,forthefirsttimeinitshistory,apredominantlyurbanspecies.Itisatrendthatshowsnosignofslowing.Demographers(人口统计学家)reckonthatthree-quartersofhumanitycouldbecity-dwellingby2050,withmostoftheincreasecominginthefast-growingtownsofAsiaandAfrica.Migrantstocitiesareattractedbyplentifuljobs,accesstohospitalsandeducation,andtheabilitytoescapetheboredomofafarmer’sagriculturallife.Thosefactorsaremorethanenoughtomakeupforthesqualor(肮脏),diseaseandspectacularpovertythatthosesamemigrantsmustoftenatfirstendurewhentheybecomeurbandwellers.ItisthecitythatinspiresthelatestbookfromPeterSmith.Hismainthesisisthatthebuzzofurbanlife,andtheopportunitiesitoffersforco-operationandcollaboration,iswhatattractspeopletothecity,whichinturnmakescitiesintotheenginesofart,commerce,scienceandprogress.Thisishardlyrevolutionary,butitispresentedinacharmingformat.Mr.Smithhaswrittenabreezyguidebook,withaseriesofshortchaptersdedicatedtospecificaspectsofurbanity—parks,say,orthevariousschemesthathavebeenputforwardovertheyearsforbuildingtheperfectcity.Theresultisasortofhigh-quality,unusuallyrigorouscoffee-tablebook,designedtobedippedintoratherthanreadfrombeginningtoend.Inthechapteronskyscrapers,forexample,Mr.Smithtouchesonconstructionmethods,therevolutionaryinventionoftheautomaticlift,thepracticalitiesoflivingintheskyandthelikelihoodthat,ascitiesbecomemorecrowded,apartmentlivingwillbecomethenorm.Butthereisalsotimeforbriefdiversionsontobizarreground,suchasadiscussionoftheskyscraperindex(whichholdsthataboominskyscraperconstructionisafoolproofsignofanimminentrecession).Oneobviouscriticismisthatthepriceofbreadthisdepth;manyofMr.Smith’sessaysraiseasmanyquestionsastheyanswer.Althoughthatcanindeedbefrustrating,thisisprobablytheonlywaytotreatsograndatopic.Thecityisthebuildingblockofcivilisationandofalmosteverythingpeopledo;aguidebooktothecityisreally,therefore,aguidebooktohowalargeandever-growingchunkofhumanitychoosestolive.Mr.Smith’sbookservesasanexcellentintroductiontoavastsubject,andwillsuggestplentyoffurtherlinesofinquiry.61.Inwhatwayistheyearhistoric?A)Forthefirsttimeinhistory,urbanpeopleoutnumberedruralpeople.B)Aninfluentialfiguredecidedtomovefromthecountrysidetothecity.C)ItisinthisyearthaturbanisationmadeastartinAsiaandAfrica.D)ThepopulationincreaseincitiesreachedanewpeakinAsiaandAfrica.62.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouturbanisation?A)Itsimpactisnot