限制性定语从句语法解析与100题练习

限制性定语从句语法解析与100题练习在英语的万千语法现象中，定语从句无疑是构建精确表达的基石之一。它如同一位精准的雕刻家，通过对名词或代词进行修饰与限定，使语言的意义更加清晰、具体。其中，限制性定语从句因其与先行词之间密不可分的逻辑关系，在日常交流与书面写作中占据着举足轻重的地位。理解并熟练运用限制性定语从句，不仅能够提升语言表达的准确性，更能增强句式的丰富性与层次感。本文将深入剖析限制性定语从句的内涵、引导词的用法及相关注意事项，并辅以足量练习题，助您彻底攻克这一语法难点。一、限制性定语从句的核心概念限制性定语从句，顾名思义，是对主句中某个先行词（通常是名词或代词）进行必不可少的限定性描述的从句。它与先行词的关系极为紧密，若将其省略，主句的意义便会变得模糊不清，甚至完全改变。这类从句与主句之间通常没有逗号隔开，朗读时也无需停顿。例如：**Studentswhoworkhardwillsucceed.*（努力学习的学生将会成功。）此处，“whoworkhard”便是限制性定语从句，限定了“students”的范围——并非所有学生，而是特指“努力学习的”那些。若去掉该从句，句子变为“Studentswillsucceed”，其意义的宽泛程度与原句大相径庭。简言之，限制性定语从句的功能在于“特指”，明确我们所谈论的人或事物究竟是“哪一个”或“哪一些”。二、关系代词的用法详解引导限制性定语从句的关联词主要分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，是连接主句与从句的桥梁。常见的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which,that。1.who(指人，在从句中作主语或宾语)*作主语：Themanwhoisstandingthereismyteacher.（站在那儿的那个人是我的老师。）*作宾语（非正式情况下可省略）：Thegirlwhowemetyesterdayisverykind.（我们昨天遇到的那个女孩很善良。）2.whom(指人，在从句中作宾语，通常用于正式语境或介词后)*Thisistheprofessorwhomweshouldlearnfrom.（这就是我们应该向他学习的教授。）*TowhomshouldIaddressthisletter?（这封信我该写给谁呢？）（此处介词提前，只能用whom）提示：**在日常口语中，作宾语的whom常被who替代，或直接省略。例如：Theperson(who/whom)youspoketoismyboss.3.whose(指人或物，在从句中作定语，表示“……的”)*Thisisthestudentwhosearticlewonthefirstprize.（这就是那个文章获一等奖的学生。）（指人，修饰article）*Theyliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（他们住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。）（指物，修饰windows）4.which(指物，在从句中作主语或宾语)*作主语：Thebookwhichliesonthedeskismine.（桌上的那本书是我的。）*作宾语（可省略）：Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.（我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。）5.that(既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语)*指人作主语：Theboythathelpedyouyesterdayismybrother.（昨天帮你的那个男孩是我弟弟。）*指物作宾语：ThepenthatIboughtyesterdaywritessmoothly.（我昨天买的那支笔写起来很顺滑。）何时宜用that而非which/who？*先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：ThisisthefirstlessonthatIlearnedinthisschool./ItisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.*先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时：Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme./Thereisnothingthatcanstopus.*先行词既有人又有物时：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesthatwehadvisited.*当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时：WhoisthegirlthatistalkingtoTom?/Whichisthecarthathitthetree?*先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰时：Heistheonlypersonthatcansolvethisproblem.三、关系副词的用法详解关系副词在限制性定语从句中充当状语，主要用于修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词，分别为when,where,why。它们在意义上相当于“介词+which”结构。1.when(指时间，在从句中作时间状语，先行词通常为表示时间的名词，如time,day,year,moment等)*Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.（我还记得我们第一次见面的那一天。）（when=onwhich）*TherearemomentswhenIfeellonely.（有时候我会感到孤独。）（when=inwhich）2.where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常为表示地点的名词，如place,room,city,country等)*ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedtenyearsago.（这就是我十年前学习的学校。）（where=inwhich）*Theywenttothevillagewheretheirancestorslived.（他们去了他们祖先居住过的村庄。）（where=inwhich）3.why(指原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason)*Couldyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate?（你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？）（why=forwhich）*That'sthereasonwhyherefusedtheoffer.（那就是他拒绝这个提议的原因。）提示：**关系副词有时可以用“介词+关系代词which”来替换，这取决于从句中的动词搭配或具体语境。例如：*Thetimeatwhich(when)wearrivedwasmidnight.*Thehouseinwhich(where)helivesisveryold.*Thereasonforwhich(why)hediditisclear.四、限制性定语从句的关键要点与常见误区1.不可省略的重要性：如前所述，限制性定语从句是先行词不可或缺的一部分，删除后会导致主句意义不明确或改变。因此，除非关系代词在从句中作宾语，否则通常不能省略引导词。2.主谓一致：定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。*Heisoneofthestudentswhostudyveryhard.（他是学习非常努力的学生之一。）（先行词是students，复数）*Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhostudiesveryhard.（他是唯一一个学习非常努力的学生。）（先行词是theonlyone，单数）3.关系代词的省略：只有当关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语时，才可以省略。作主语、定语时均不可省略。*Thebook(which/that)Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryuseful.（正确，which/that作宾语，可省略）*Theboywhoisstandingthereismyfriend.（错误，who作主语，不可省略）4.避免成分重复：关系代词/副词已经在从句中充当了一定的成分，因此从句中不能再出现与之重复的代词或副词。*ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtherebefore.（错误，there与where重复）*ThisisthehousewhereIlivedbefore.（正确）五、100题练习题第一部分：用适当的关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)填空1.Thegirl______iswearingareddressismysister.2.Thisisthebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.3.Heistheman______wemetatthepartylastnight.4.Thehouse______roofisredbelongstoMr.Smith.5.Doyouknowthereason______shewaslate?(此题考察关系副词，但先混编)6.Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.7.Thestudents______areinClassOnewillhaveatesttomorrow.8.Thepen______Iboughtyesterdaydoesn'twork.9.Wevisitedthemuseum______wasbuiltlastyear.10.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?11.Thewoman______youtalkedtojustnowisournewteacher.13.Hetoldmeastory______wasveryinteresting.14.Thedoctor______mymothersawisveryfamous.15.Weneedaleader______everyonerespects.16.Thisistheroom______windowsfacethesea.17.Thegirl______fatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.18.Ihaveafriend______likescollectingstamps.19.Thebike______Iridetoschoolwasbrokenyesterday.20.ThisisthefirstEnglishsong______Ilearned.21.Theman______issittingbythewindowismyuncle.22.Thebook______coverisblueismine.23.Doyouremembertheday______wewenttothepark?(关系副词)24.Theteacher______welovebestisMrs.Li.25.Thisisthetown______Iwasborn.(关系副词)26.Thereason______hewasabsentisnotclear.(关系副词)28.Idon'tlikethepeople______talkmuchbutdolittle.29.Thestories______hetolduswereveryfunny.30.Thisistheonlypen______Ihave.第二部分：用适当的关系代词或关系副词(who,whom,whose,which,that,when,where,why)填空31.I'llneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.32.Thehouse______helivesisverybig.33.Thegirlwith______Iwentshoppingismycousin.35.Theman______youmetyesterdayisafamouswriter.36.Thecity______wespentourholidayisverybeautiful.37.Thebook______youlentmeisveryinteresting.38.Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?39.Thisistheschool______Istudiedfiveyearsago.40.Theboy______motherisillisstayingathometoday.41.Thefilm______wesawlastweekwasverymoving.42.Iknowaplace______wecanswim.43.Thewoman______childwaslostwasveryworried.44.Theletter______Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommybrother.45.Thisisthebestnovel______Ihaveeverread.47.Istillremembertheyear______wemovedtothiscity.49.Theman______carwasstolencalledthepolice.50.Isthistheshop______sellschildren'sclothes?51.Thedays______wespenttogetherarealwaysinmymind.52.Thereason______hegaveforbeinglatewasnotbelievable.54.Thefactory______hisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.55.Thestorybook______hasmanypicturesispopularwithchildren.56.I'llneverforgetthetime______weplayedtogether.57.Theperson______youshouldaskforhelpisMr.Brown.58.Thisisthevillage______mygrandparentslivedalltheirlives.59.Thenecklace______shelostwasveryexpensive.60.Theboy______isplayingthepianoismybrother.第三部分：选择填空61.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastweek.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.who62.Doyouknowthegirl______istalkingtoTom?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose63.Istillremembertheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where64.Theman______wemetyesterdayisafamousscientist.A.whatB.whomC.whoseD.which65.Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whoA.whichB.whoC.whoseD.that67.Isthereanyone______canhelpmewiththisproblem?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what68.Idon'tliketheway______hespeakstohismother.A.whichB.inthatC.howD./(或that)69.Thereason______hewaslatewasthathemissedthebus.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.for70.Wevisitedtheschool______ourfatheroncestudied.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.onwhich71.Thegirl______Ilentmydictionaryismydeskmate.A.whomB.towhomC.whichD.towhich72.Thisisthefirsttime______IhavebeentoBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where73.Heistheonlystudent______cananswerthisquestion.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom74.Thepen______Iwrotetheletterwaslost.A.withwhichB.whichC.bywhichD.withthat75.Thecity______Iwasbornisverybeautiful.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when76.Thebook______coverisgreenismine.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who77.I'llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.onwhich78.Doyouknowtheman______daughterisadoctor?A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose79.Thestory______hetolduswasveryinteresting.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom80.Thisistheshop______Iboughtmynewshoes.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.what第四部分：判断下列句子是否正确，错误的请改正81.Themanwhichistalkingtomyfatherisateacher.82.Thisistheplacewherewevisitedlastyear.83.Ihaveafr