Unit1课时4GrammarFocus课件-人教版英语八年级下册

2.Whosebirthdayisit?Unit1TimetoRelax人教版英语（八年级下册）SectionAGrammar

Focus2.Whosebirthdayisit?010203学习目标能够归纳总结动词不定式的基本结构（肯定式：to+动词原形；否定式：not+to+动词原形）；明确其语法功能（作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）和用法特点。掌握带to和不带to动词不定式的区别，尤其是感官动词和使役动词后接不带to不定式的规则。（学习理解）能在语境中正确运用动词不定式表达目的、愿望、计划等，能准确使用动词不定式完成句子填空和对话练习，能区分不同语境下动词不定式的正确形式。（应用实践）能在小组活动中，运用动词不定式描述自己的课余活动和个人经历，做到语言准确、表达流畅，通过分享增进同伴间的了解和交流。（迁移创新）WatchthevideoLet’senjoyavideoaboutyourfavouriteactivitiesinyourfree-time.Readthesentences.Decideifeachinfinitiveinboldfunctionsasanobjectivecomplementoradverbial.4aWhatdoyoudoinyourfreetime?Iplaytheflutetorelax.Howdidyouspendyourweekend?Iwenttothesportscentretoice-skate.Howdidyougetintopainting?Isawmymotherpaint.Idecidetogiveitago.Whatdidyourinstructorsay?Shetoldmenottogiveupsoeasily.做目的状语做目的状语做宾补做宾补Readthesentensesandtellthedifferencebetweentwofunctions.1Mydadcalledmetohavedinner.2Mydadtoldmetohavedinner.我爸爸打电话叫我是为了让我吃饭。我爸爸告诉我去吃饭。作状语（表目的）作宾语补足语不定式修饰的是整个谓语动作，说明“为什么做”。不定式跟在宾语后面，说明“宾语做什么”。动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“notto+动词原形”。MrLitoldmetolistencarefullyinclass.

李老师要求我上课认真听讲。PleasetellJimnottocomelatenexttime.

请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。二、动词不定式的功能1、动词不定式作状语动词不定式可以在句中作状语，表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时通常放在句末，用于正式语境或需要强调时，也可以放在句首，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。HecametoBeijingtohaveameeting.他来北京开会。表目的Heistooyoungtolookafterhimself.他年龄太小，不能照顾自己。表结果Toprotecttheenvironment,weshouldreduceplasticuse.

为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料的使用。表原因2、动词不定式作宾语补足语宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分，使宾语的意义更加完整。此时可以是带to的不定式，也可以是不带to的不定式，这主要取决于谓语动词。①接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：tell、ask、order、allow、encourage、advise,want,wish,expect、invite,choose，wouldlike等。Shetoldmetofinishhomeworkfirst.她让我先完成作业。Thenheaskedmetositdownbesideagirl.

然后他让我坐在一个女孩旁边。②接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词(see、hear、notice、watch、feel等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)。IsawTomplaybasketballontheplayground.我看见汤姆在操场打篮球。Isawhergetonthebus.我看见她上了公共汽车。seewatchhearfeelnoticesb.doingdoIsawtheoldmancrossthebusystreetsafelywiththehelpofavolunteer.WhenIpassedtheclassroom,Isawthestudentsdiscussingtheirgroupproject.强调动作的全过程，或动作是经常性、习惯性的强调动作正在进行，侧重动作的瞬间感官动词③动词help后可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。Canyouhelpme(to)openthedoor?你能帮我打开门吗？动词不定式其他用法3、动词不定式作主语TolearnmoreaboutChinesehistory

isveryimportant.ItisveryimportanttolearnmoreaboutChinesehistory

.Todo作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语后置。Itis+adj.+(forsb)todosthTohelpothers

bringshappiness.不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。Ittakesusanhour

gettherebybus.It’sourduty

helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment

spendourholidayinthemountains.It+takes（sb.）+时间（金钱）+todosth句型1句型2Itis+名词+todosthtototo不定式（to

do）作主语常用句型Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth.句型3Itis+形容词+ofsb.+todosth.句型4Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.描述人的品质/性格MissWang’sworkistoteachmath.Thebestway

torelax

is

tolistentomusic.4、动词不定式作表语Hergoalis

togetoverherfearofwater.1.用法：

放在系动词（如be,seem）之后，用来说明主语的具体内容或目的，常可译为“是…”。2.结构：

主语（常为抽象名词/代词）

+be+todosth.Shelikestoplaytheflute.Shelikestoswim.1.用法：

接在表示“计划、决定、想要”等动词后，作该动词的宾语。2.结构：decide/want/plan/hope+todosth.Shelikestotryiceskating.Shedecided

togiveitago.5、动词不定式作宾语要求、选择和同意

askchooseagree期望、决定和学习

expectdecidelearn宁可、假装和计划

preferpretendplan希望、想要和愿意

wishhopewantwouldlike5、动词不定式作宾语Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.Whatdoyouthinkofournewcolleague?it作形式宾语it作形式宾语findthinkfeelmakeconsideritadj.todosth.n.Ifind(that)it

isdifficulttoloseweight.=Ifinditdifficulttoloseweight.真正的宾语Thinkabouthowtobreakdowntheproblemintosmallparts.Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.疑问词+

todo整体相当于名词性结构，可直接作主语、宾语、表语。5、疑问词+不定式Practice

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofwordsinbrackets.

_______(learn)Englishwellisimportant.

Itisimprtantforyou_______(learn)Englishwell.

It’snotpoliteofhim_______(speak)tooldpeoplelikethat.

Icouldn’tafford_____(buy)adigitalcamerathen.

Ifinditdifficult_______(read)Englishstories.

Mymotherencouragesme_______(think)itovercarefully.

IoftenhearLiMing_____(sing)intheevening.Tolearntolearntospeaktobuytoreadtothinksing作主语作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作宾补作宾补

Youmusthelpme_______(do)myhouseworkthisafternoon.Heislookingforaroom________(live)in.

Ihadsomethingcold_______(drink).

_____(be)agoodstudent,onemuststudyhard.

Wearesorry_______(trouble)you.

Heisoldenough_____(go)toschool.

Sheistooyoung_____(go)toschool.

Hisdreamis_____(be)adoctorlikeZhongNanshan.(to)dotodrinkTobetotroubletogotogotobe作宾补tolive作定语作定语作目的状语作原因状语作结果状语作表语Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofwordsinbrackets.1.A:Thanksforyouradvice!Itmademe__________(decide)totryskiing.B:You'rewelcome.Try_________(forget)yourfearsandhavefun!2.A:Mycousinoftenasksme__________(fly)kiteswithherwhenit'swindy.

B:Thatsoundsfun!I'dlovetowatchyou_________(fly)kitessometime.3.A:Ilovetowatchkungfumovies_________(relax).B:Really?WhenIwant___________(relax),Iwatchanimalvideos.4.A:Myparentstoldme___________(notpush)myselftoohard.B:Yes,it'simportant____________(notforget)torelaxonceinawhile.decidetoforgettoflyflytorelaxtorelaxnottopushnottoforgetmakesb.dosth.让某人做某事trytodosth.尝试做某事asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事watchsb.dosth.看某人做某事用动词不定式“torelax”作目的状语wanttodosth.想要做某事tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某事“it's+形容词+nottodosth.”是常用结构4b.Completetheconversationswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.MytwinbrotherandIlookalike,butwearesodifferent.Ilovesport,andI

oftenmeetmyfriends_________footballandtennis.Mybrotherjoined

ustoplayfootballonceortwice,buthedecided___________afterthat.Hedoesn'tlikesportverymuch!Instead,helikes______athome

and________movies,_________tomusic,and__________with

friendsonline.Ourparentswereworriedabouthimstayingathometoomuch.

Theyalsowantedus___________moretimetogetherasafamily.So,now

theyletus______ourfavouriteactivitiesonSaturdays,butonSundays,wegoonafamilyoutingtogether!chat

(not)come

dolistenplayspendstaywatchtoplaynottocometostaywatchlistenchattospenddo用动词不定式“toplay”作目的状语decidenottodosth.决定不做某事liketodosth.喜欢做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事letsb.dosth.让某人做某事4c.Completethepassagewiththeinfinitiveformsoftheverbsinthebox.Whatdoyouusuallydooutdoors?动词不定式形式：to+动词原形（to有时省略）否定：notto+动词原形没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语概述用法作宾语作宾补作目的状语作主语to的省略疑问词+不定式常用it作形式主语want,refuse,forget;need,try,learn…it作形式宾语ask,tell,want,teach,wish,help…可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾感官动词+使役动词SummaryIlike______(read)everydaybecauseithelpsme________(learn)newthings.Sheencouragesme________(start)with10minutesaday.Ourslogani