2025~2026学年山东省菏泽市第二中学高二上学期10月（第一次）月考英语试卷

2025~2026学年山东省菏泽市第二中学高二上学期10月（第一次）月考英语试卷一、阅读理解Throughouthistory,womenhavemadesignificantcontributionstothefieldofscience.Itisessentialtoshedlightonthewomenofscience,astheirstrugglesandbreakthroughscontinuetoinspiregenerationsofscientists.AdaLovelaceAdaLovelace,thedaughterofthepoetLordByron,isoftenregardedastheworld’sfirstcomputerprogrammer.Herground-breakinginsightsandanalyticalskillsledhertowritethefirstalgorithm,imaginingthepotentialofthemachinetodomorethanjustcalculations.Lovelace’svisionmadeherwell-knownasapioneerinthefield.RosalindFranklinRosalindFranklin’sX-raycrystallographyimagesplayedavitalroleinunderstandingthestructureofDNA.Herdata,acquiredthroughresearch,wasusedbyJamesWatsonandFrancisCrickwithoutherpermissionoracknowledgment.Franklin’sinvaluablecontributionstogeneticsandbiologydeserverecognitionastheyprovidedthekeyinsightsintothebuildingblocksoflife,yethernameisoftenovershadowedbyhermalecolleagues.LiseMeitnerLiseMeitnermadeground-breakingdiscoveriesinnuclearscience.Meitner’scontributionstothisfieldarecelebratedtoday,asshepavedthewayforsignificantadvancementsinenergyproductionandscientificunderstanding.LiseMeitnercertainlydeservestheplaceshehasearnedinthehistoryofscience.MaryAnningMaryAnningmaderemarkablediscoveriesduringtheearly19thcenturyandwontherespectofthescientistsofhertime.Anningunearthedthefirstcompletebonesofanichthyosaur(鱼龙).HerpioneeringworklaidthefoundationforthestudyofprehistoriclifeandhelpedshapeourunderstandingofEarth’shistory.1.Whomightbeaphysicist?

A．AdaLovelace.B．RosalindFranklin.C．LiseMeitner.D．MaryAnning.2.WhatmadeAdaLovelacefamous?

A．Herhardwork.B．Hergreatforesight.C．Hercompetitivespirit.D．Herhighintelligence.3.WhatdoweknowaboutRosalindFranklin?

A．Shesetupgenetics.B．Sheisunderestimated.C．SheinventedtheX-raycrystallography.D．Shehelpedhercolleaguestoacquiredata.Doyouhavethatonepieceoftechnologythatchangesyourlifeforthebetter?Thetechnologythathelpedchangemylifeisthecamera.Photographyisusingphotostocreatearttomakesomethingbeautifultocreateastory.Thecamerawasusedtocapturemomentsinhistory.Whenitwasfirstinventedinthe1800s,JosephNicéphoreNiépcewasthefirstpersontotakephotostocapturetheworld’sbeauty.Thecamerashowsadifferentviewoftheworldtomebyshowingthetruecolorsofwhenandhowtherewillalwaysbethegoodandbadintheworld.Itisimportanttome,becauseithelpsbringbackthehistoryofthepast.Nextthingisthatbackthenthecamerahelpedshowartbyusingphotostocreatefeelingsofnostalgia(怀旧)andpurpose.Ifwehadnophotographythentherewouldbelessknowledgeaboutthehistoryofthepast.WhenIwasayounggirl,myfamilywouldtakepicturestorecordthememorieswhethertheywerethegoodorbad.Inourfamily,valuablephotosareconsideredatreasurepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.MystrongloveforphotographywasfrommyunclewhowasaphotographerandIlovedlookingathispictures.Later,Itakepicturestoshowameaningthroughthephotostofollowinhisfootsteps.Weareonatimeline,andphotoscanhelpfreezemomentsonthetimeline.Todaypeopleareusingphotostocreateatimelinefortheirfuturebyputtingtheminaphotoalbum(相册)orpostingthemonsocialmedia,whichcanhelpthemrememberwhathappenedinthepast.4.Howdidthecamerainfluencetheauthor?

A．Shedevelopedstronginterestintechnology.B．Shebegantoexpressherfeelingstoothers.C．Shelearnedsomethingaboutthepast.D．Shepasseddifferentviewstoothers.5.Whatmadetheauthorbecomeinterestedintakingpictures?

A．Heruncle’sinfluence.B．HerwishtoremembergoodmemoriesC．Herinterestincreatingart.D．Herdreamofbecomingaphotography6.Whydopeoplepostphotosonlineaccordingtothetext?

A．Tosharetheirdailylives.B．Torecordmomentsinlife.C．Toplanforthefuture.D．Tomakephotoalbums.7.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．HowthecamerachangedmylifeB．WhatIhavelearnedfrommyuncleC．WhatpicturescanbringtopeopleD．HowphotographyinfluenceshistoryWhatexactlyisanaudiobooktoday?Isitabook?Isitaplay?Orisitbecomingsomethingelseentirely?Whatisclearisthatapushformarketdominanceisdrivingitintoanewtrend.Amazon-ownedAudible,themarketleader,hiredtheOscar-winningdirectorSamMendestorecordmulti-voiceversionsoftheDickensnovelsOliverTwistandDavidCopperfield,makingaudiobookstheperformingoftheplays,andannouncedlastmonththatithadreachedanagreementforarecordingofJKRowling’sHarryPotterseries,voicedbymorethan100actorsandfeaturinga“groundbreakingnewsoundscape”.ThenewPotteraudiobooks,itsaid,wouldnottakeoverbutmaintainconventionalrecordingsbyStephenFryandJimDale,whichAudiblealsohosts.Tosaythataudioversionsaredifferentdoesnotmeantheyareworsethanprintedtexts.Forpeoplewithdyslexia(阅读障碍)orADHD(多动症),theycanbealifeline—astheycanbeforthosewhodonothavetime,orthehabit,ofreadingbooks.Commuters,andmenbetweentheagesof25and44,havebeenidentifiedaskeydriversoftheirgrowingpopularity.Thegoodnewsforthosewhosecretlyfindaudiobooksmoreaccessible,butareembarrassedtoadmitit,isthatbrainscanshaverevealedthattheystimulatethesamecognitiveandemotionalpartsofthebrain.Butsowouldaradioplay.Listeningtostories,anotherintriguingpieceofresearchrevealed,setsthepulseracingfarmorethanwatchingthem.Sowhilewecelebratewhataudiobookshaveincommonwiththeirprintversions—bothenablethebraintocreateitsownpicturesinaworldwherepre-manufacturedimagestoooftendoalltheworkforus—weshouldalsoappreciatethattheyaretranslationsintoadifferentmedium,evenwhenreadbytheauthorsthemselves.Whatiscertainisthatthereisroomforboth.8.What’sthefunctionofParagraph1?

A．Tointroduceascientificstudy.B．Toleadinthetopic.C．Todescribeanexperience.D．Togiveanexample.9.Whatisthenewtrendofaudiobooks?

A．Employingtalentedperformers.B．Usingprize-winningnovels.C．Replacingtraditionalrecording.D．Makingthemintoplays.10.Whatisthebenefitofaudiobooks?

A．Theymotivatethecognitive-emotionalbrain.B．Theypromoterelaxationforbusyindividuals.C．Theymakereadingaccessibleforthedisabled.D．Theyaremostlikelytodecreasethesenseofthrill.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsaudiobooks?

A．Worried.B．HopefulC．Uncertain.D．Curious.Researchershavediscoveredthatlimitingacertainenzyme(酶)canhaveadramaticimpactinprotectingagainsttheeffectsofAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔兹海默症).Thefindingcouldleadtoanewclassofdrugsthatfightthedisease.MuchofthehistoricalresearchintoAlzheimer’sdisease(AD)hasfocusedonplaques(斑块)thatforminthebrain,whichrecently,though,havebeenfoundnotlikelytobethedirectcauseofit.Inseekinganotherwayforward,agroupofBritishresearchersturnedtoanAustralianstudywhichshowedhavingthegenefortheproductionofanenzymeknownasPDE4BwasidentifiedasariskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’s.WiththeintentionofinvestigatinghowPDE4Bmightaffectthebrain,theUKteamgeneticallymodified(改造)micewithAlzheimer’storeducePDE4Bactivity.Theresultsareastonishing.First,themicewithAlzheimer’sandnormalPDE4Bexpressionshowedmemorylossinthesenseofdirection,adistinctivecharacteristicofAD.ButthosewhohadthegeneticmodificationtohavelessPDE4Bactivityshowednodamageatall.Theteamalsoobservedthatinflammation(炎症),anotherhallmarkofAD,decreasedtosomeextentinthebrainsofmicewithlessPDE4Bactivity,comparedtothosewithmoreoftheenzyme.BecausealloftheseeffectswerefoundinthemicethatalreadyhadAlzheimer’sbuthadsignificantimprovementinsymptoms,theresearcherssaythatfurtherinvestigationintohowtolimitPDE4Binhumanpatientswiththeconditioncouldleadtonewtreatmentpathways.“TheseresultsofferrealhopeforthedevelopmentofnewtreatmentsthatwillbenefitpatientswithAlzheimer’sdiseaseinthefuture,”saidNeilDawson,aco-authorofthestudy.“ThenextstageistotestwhetherPDE4B-limitingdrugshavesimilarbeneficialeffectsintheADmousemodel,totesttheirpotentialeffectivenessinhumanAlzheimer’sdisease.”12.HowdidtheBritishresearchersgettheinspiration?

A．ByfiguringoutthedirectcauseofAD.B．Bygoingovermuchhistoricalresearch.C．ByreferringtoapreviousAustralianstudy.D．BybreakingdownPDE4BintheADmouse.13.WhatcanbelearntaboutPDE4B?

A．Itsactivitypromotesthesenseofdirection.B．ItmightbringaboutthedevelopmentofAD.C．Itisprocessedbyacertainenzymeinthebrain.D．Itwillbeinvestigatedtoreducemicebrainactivity.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hallmark”inParagraph4mean?

A．Cause.B．Feature.C．Principle.D．Finding.15.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?

A．Thefutureresearchfocus.B．Theexistingresearchbackground.C．Theprobableresearchlimitation.D．Thepracticalresearchapplication.Whenyouwereatschool,wereyouevertoldtostopdaydreamingandconcentrate?Itwaseasyforyourmindtowanderifyouweren’tinterestedinwhatyouwerelearningorifyouhadbetterthingstothinkabout.16However,understandinghowtodoit,andknowingwhatisdistractingyoucanhelp.Scientistshavelookedatwhatmakesusprocrastinate(拖延)andfoundanumberofwaystohelpusstayfocused.17ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundsilenceisbestforconcentration,oragentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopnoiseisgreat!Italsofoundturningoffremindersonyourphone,orswitchingitoffaltogether,removesamajordistractionandhelpsusfocusonthetaskathand.18Psychologistsandneuroscientistsareincreasinglyinterestedinourabilitytofocusandhavelookedatwhatwecanchangeinsideourheadstomakeusconcentrate.AnarticleforBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamssaysthat“AttentionResearcherNilliLavieofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemandingtakesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions.”19Therearemorepracticaltipstowardkeepingyourmindfocused.Theseincludemakingalistortimetableofthetasksyouhavetodo,findingaworkspacewhereyou’renottemptedtodootherthings,orchewingsomegum!It’spossiblethemovementinyourmouthoccupiespartsofthebrainthatmightotherwisegetdistracted.20“Ifwewerealwayssofocusedthatwenevergotdistracted,we’dmisspotentialchanges,suchasthreats,inourenvironment.Distractionisvitalforsurvival,”accordingtoScienceFocusmagazine.

A．Butdistractionisn’tallbad.B．Stayingfocusedcanstillbeachallengeinadultlife.C．Therefore,keepingyourselfbusymightbeoneanswer.D．Yourabilitytoconcentratewellaffectshoweffectiveyouare.E．Anotherpossiblecureforashortattentionspanisbraintraining.F．Oneobvioussolutionistogetridofdistractingnoisesoruse“whitenoise”.G．Somepeopleprocrastinatebecausetheyworrythatwon’tbeabletocompletetasksperfectly.二、完形填空Manychildrenmaybefondofanimals,butfeweverthinkofmakingthestudyofanimalsastheircareer.Evenfewerwillbe_________bythewholeworld,enjoyingthetitleofUnitedNationsMessenger(使者)ofPeace.Butonewomanhas_________allthat.Shehaslivedwithchimps(黑猩猩)intheAfricanforestformanyyearsandmadegreatdiscoveries.JaneGoodall’slifelong_________inanimalsbeganatanearlyage.Bytheageof10or11,Goodall_________goingtoAfricatolivewithanimals.Thiswasquiteastrangedreaminthosedays,asyounggirlsdidn’tthinkofhavingsuch“wild”actions.Butshewas_________byhermother.Shetoldherthatifshereallywantedsomething,sheshouldworkhard,takeadvantageof_________andnevergiveuplookingforaway.WhenaclosefriendinvitedGoodalltoKenyain1957,shereadily_________it.Withinafewmonthsofherarrival,shemetthefamousanthropologist(人类学家)DrLouisLeakey,whosoondecidedthatGoodallwasthe_________personhewaslookingfortobegina_________ofwildchimpsontheshoreofLakeTanganyikainTanzania.Inthebeginning,studyingthechimpswasnoteasyforher.Theanimalsfledfromher__________.Withastrong__________,shesearchedtheforesteveryday,tryingnottogettooclosetothechimpstoosoon.Graduallythechimpsbecameusedtoherpresence.InOctober1960,sheobservedachimpmakingandusing__________tofishfortermites(白蚁).Thisdiscoverythrew__________onthepopularideaatthetimethatmanwastheworld’sonlytoolmaker.ThelongerGoodall’sresearchcontinues,themoreitbecomesobviousthatchimpsarevery__________tohumans.Sincethemid-1980s,Goodallhasbeenlecturingaroundtheworldtoraisepeople’ssenseaboutenvironmental__________.“Let’sliveinthenewagewithhope,respectforalllivingthings,understandingandlove.”shesaid.21.A．recognisedB．knownC．acceptedD．admitted22.A．foundedB．provedC．achievedD．realised23.A．studyB．interestC．senseD．dream24.A．wasfondofB．wastiredofC．insistedonD．dreamedof25.A．encouragedB．preventedC．advisedD．forced26.A．passionB．youthC．hopeD．chances27.A．acceptedB．refusedC．receivedD．considered28.A．onlyB．lastC．rightD．first29.A．projectB．studyC．centreD．career30.A．insurpriseB．inahurryC．asexpectedD．infear31.A．willB．bodyC．desireD．mind32.A．netsB．toolsC．holesD．spoons33.A．doubtB．lightC．questionsD．beliefs34.A．closeB．similarC．friendlyD．helpful35.A．improvementB．protectionC．pollutionD．destruction三、单词拼写36.______(评估)thedataaccuratelyisvitalforvalidconclusions.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)37.His______(分析)oftheproblemprovidedunexpectedsolutions.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)38.TuYouyou’sc______tomedicalresearchsavedmillionsoflives.(奉献)(根据中英文提示单词拼写)39.Theriver______(流动)intoLakeJingpo,andthencontinuesnorth.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)40.I______(偶遇)manyhikerswhoheadedforadistantcampgroundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)41.Onlyifyoumakeeffortstofulfillthetaskcanyoube________(承认)tobeexcellent.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)42.Iwillnotbe______(有空的)thisafternoon.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)43.Ithinkitmaytakesometimebeforewecanhavean________(精确的)assessmentofthedamage.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)44.Thelatestscientificresearchshowsthattearshelptoprotecttheeyefrom______(潜在地)harmfulforeignbodies.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)45.Inthea______(缺乏)ofsleep,hecouldn’thavetheconcentrationtoreadthearticlesthroughtotheirconclusion.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)四、书信写作46.你校正在组织主题为“ApersonIadmire”的英语作文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.人物简介：2.钦佩原因。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。ApersonIadmire____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasthefirstweekofLily’smiddleschool.Thebell’sringingbroughtheroutofherdaydreaming.Shenervouslygatheredherbooks,preparingtoreachanotherclassroomforthenextnewclass.Lilyfollowedtheotherkidsandrushedintothehallway.Otherswalkedingroups,chatted,andlaughed,usingthebreaktosocialize.Lily,instead,walkedalonealongthewallofthehallway,withherheaddown.Shewasashygirl,afraidtospeakinfrontofotherkids,anddidn’tthinkotherswouldlikeher.LilyfinallysatinMr.Johnson’sLanguageArtsclassnervously.“WelcometoLanguageArts,”saidMr.Johnson.HetoldjokesashetalkedaboutEnglish.Lilyforgottodaydreamandlaughedalongwiththerestoftheclass.“We’llhavesomefunwithlanguage,”hesaid.“Justwaitandsee.”FunwasfarbeyondwhatLilydesired.Shejustwantedtobelikeotherkids—runningwithfriendsinthehallway,laughingandjokingbetweenclasses.Remindedofherpimply(长粉刺的)face,shefelthopelessanddisappointed.“Takeoutapieceofpaper,”theteachercontinued,whenpointingatwordsontheblackboard.“Writeforthenextthirtyminutesonthistopic.”Lilybeganwritingcrazilyasideaafterideafought