大学英语四级模拟试卷795

大学英语四级模拟试卷795

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、BuildingaGoodTeacher-StudentRelationship1.曳好的师生关系是教学成功的根

本保障。2.以个人经历举例说明良好的师生关系是双方共同努力的结果。3.如何

对待师生可能存在的误解。

标准答案：SampleWritingBuildingaGoodTeacher-StudentRelationshipAgood

teacher-studentrelationshipisoneoftheguaranteesforsuccessfulteachingandlearning.

Agoodrelationshipleadstofruitfulcooperation,thatis,theteachercanguidehis/her

studentsmoreeffectivelyandthestudentscanlearnmoreefficiendy.Anidealteacher­

studentrelationshipnevercomeseasily.Itdependsontheconsciouseffortsfromboththe

teacherandthestudents.Thebestexamplecanbedrawnfrommypersonalexperienceas

acollegestudent.Wchaddevelopedawarm,friendlyrelationshipwithourEnglish

teacher,JohnKent.Johnwonusoverwiththespecialeffortshepouredintoour'class.

Ilislectureswerealwayswellpreparedanddelivereddearlyandimaginatively-he

explainedhisideaswithpaintingsandrecordings,andonceheevensangasongto

illustrateapoint.Wealsoadmiredthefactthathespenttimegenerouslywithstudents

outsideofclassroom.Inspiredbyourteacher'sdevotion,westudiedallthemore

diligently,alwaysrespectfulandpolite.Wewerealleagertoshowourappreciationby

doingwellinstudies.Ofcourse,thingsareneversosimpleandmisunderstandingmay

occuronceinawhile.In:hiscase,agrudge-beatingattitudewouldneverhelp.Bothsides

shouldbekind,patientandfrank.Bysittingdownandhavingagoodtalkthereisno

troublethatcan'tworkout.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。）

AIDSAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome（AIDS）,isakindofhumanviraldisease

（病毒病）thatdamagestheimmunesystem,weakeningthebody'sabilitytodefenditself

frominfectionanddisease.Causedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus（HIV）,AIDS

leavesaninfectedpersonvulnerabletoopportunisticinfections.Suchinfectionsarc

harmlessinhealthypeople,butinthosewhoseimmunesystemshavebeengreatly

weakened,theycanprovefatal.AlthoughthereisnocureforAIDS,newdrugsare

availablethatcanlengthenthelifespansandimprovethequalityoflifeofinfected

people.InfectionwithHIVdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatapersonhasAIDS.Some

peoplewhohaveHIVinfectionmaynotdevelopanyoftheclinicalillnessesthatdefine

thediseaseofAIDSfortenyearsormore.PhysiciansprefertousethetermAIDSfor

caseswhereapersonhasreachedthefinal,lifethreateningstageofH1Vinfection.AIDS

wasfirstidentifiedin1981amonghomosexual（同性恋）menanddrugusersinNew

YorkandCalifornia.ShortlyafteritsdetectionintheUnitedStates,evidenceofAIDS

epidemics（流行）grewamongheterosexual（异性恋）men,women,andchildrenin

Africa.AIDSquicklydevelopedintoaworldwideepidemic,affectingvirtuallyevery

nation.By2002anestimated38.6millionadultsand3.2millionchildrenworldwide

werelivingwithHIVinfectionorAIDS.TheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）,a

specializedagencyoftheUnitedNations（UN）,estimatesthatfrom1981totheendof

2002about20millionpeoplediedasaresultofAIDS.About4.5millionofthosewho

diedwerechildrenundertheageof15.NorthAmericaIntheUnitedStalesabout40,000

newHIVinfectionsoccureachyear.Morethan30percentoftheseinfectiousoccurin

women,and60percentoccurinethnicminorities.In2001merethan800,000U.S.

residentswereinfectedwithHIV,andmorethan300,000peoplewerelivingwithfull­

blown（全面的）AIDS.InCanadaabout4,200newHIVinfectiousoccureachyear.

Nearly25percentoftheseinfectionsoccurinwomen.In2002about55,000Canadians

werelivingwithHIVinfectionandabout18,000peoplewerelivingwithfull-blown

AIDS.TheincidenceofnewcasesofHWinfectionsandAIDSdeathshassignificantly

decreasedinCanadaandtheUnitedStatessince1995.Thisdecreaseisattributedtoihe

availabilityofnewdrugtreatmentsandpublichealthprogramsthattargetpeoplemostat

riskforinfection.ButwhiletheoverallrateofHIVinfectionseemstobeonadownturn

（低迷时期）,certainpopulationsappeartobeatgreaterriskforthedisease.IntheUnited

Statesin1987,Caucasians（白种人）accountedfor60percentofAIDScasesandblacks

andHispanicsonly39percent.Butby2000thetrendhadreversed:26percentofnew

easeswerediagnosedinCaucasiansand73percentinblacksandHispanics.Likewisethe

numberoffemaleAIDSpatientsintheUnitedStateshasincreasedsignificantlyinrecent

years,from7percentofallAIDScasesin1985to30percentin2000.IntheUnited

States,AfricanAmericanandHispanicwomenaccountedfor82percentofAIDScases

amongwomenin2000.EuropeInwesternEuropetheilrstcasesofAIDSweredetected

intheearly1980s,andbythelate1990s,atleast30,000newHIVinfectionsoccurred

eachyear.In2002about570,000westernEuropeanswereHIVpositive,and25percent

ofthesecaseswerewomen.Beforethedissolution（解散）oftheUnionofSoviet

SocialistRepublics（US.SR）in1991,easternEuropereportedfewHIVcases.Butsince

1995,HIVinfectionhasspreadrapidlyincitiesofseveraleasternEuropeancountries.

TheWHOestimatesthatthetotalnumberofHIVinfectionsinthisregionmayhaverisen

fromlessthan30,000in1995toabout1millionin2002.DevelopingNationsWhile

easesofAIDShavebeenreportedineverynationoftheworld,thediseaseaffectssome

countriesmorethanothers.Morethan95percentofallHIV-infectedpeopleliveinthe

developingworld.Intheseareas,thediseasehasinfectedthepopulationsofyoungmen

andwomenwhoformthefoundationofthelaborforce.Mostdiewhileinthepeakof

theirreproductiveyears.Moreover,theepidemichasoverwhelmedhealth-caresystems,

increasedthenumberoforphans,andcausedlifeexpectancyratestofall.Theseproblems

havereachedcrisisproportionsinsomepartsoftheworldalreadyburdenedbywar,

politicaldisorder,orcreelpoverty.Nowhereisthisbetterdemonstratedthaninsub-

SaharanAfrica,wherethenumberofAIDScasesfarexceedsthatofallothergeographic

regions.Oftheestimated14,000HIVinfectionsthatoccureachdayworldwide,about

halfoftheseinfectionsoccurinsub-SaharanAfrica.About70percentofallpeople

infectedwithHIVliveinthisregion.Insomecountriesinthesouthernpartofthe

continent,includingBotswana,Lesotho,Swaziland,andZimbabwe,marethan30percent

ofthepopulationhasHWinfectionorAIDS.InAsiaandthePacificIslandsanestimated

7.2millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVinfectionby2002.Healthofficialsfearthatas

thevirusspreadsthroughChinaandIndia,theworld'stwomostpopulouscountries,cases

ofHIVinfectioninthisregionmaysurgeupto25millioncasesbytheyear2010,

dwarfing(相形之下使矮小)theproblemsseeninsub-SaharanAfrica.In2002the

ChinesegovernmentreportedthatChinahadaboutImillionHIV-positivepeopleina

populationofmorethan1billion.However,publichealthexpertsareconcernedbythe

fast-risingnumberofnewinfectionsamongdruguserswhoshareinfectedneedles.The

incidenceofHIVinlectionwilllikelybeworsenedbythegrowingsexindustryinChina.

InruralareasofChinatheincidenceofHIVinfectionisrisingbecausemanypoverty-

strickenpeopleregularlyselltheirblood.Thepeoplewhobuythebloodusereusingdirty

needles,whichcanspreadHIVinfection.

2、BecausethediseaseofAIDSdamagestheimmunesystemofaperson,thepersonhas

lessabilitytodefendhimselffrominfectionanddisease.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文中第一段开头给出了艾滋病的定义*AcquiredImmunodeficiency

Syndrome(AIDS),isakindofhumanviraldiseasethatdamagestheimmunesystem,

weakeningthebody'sabilitytodefenditselffrominfectionanddisease.”艾滋病是人

类病毒疾病，它破坏免疫系统，削弱人体抵御感染与疾病的能力。与本句话的意思

相符。

3、Opportunisticinfectionsareharmfultoallthepeople.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中第一段提到"Suchinfectionsareharmlessinhealthypeople,butin

thosewhoseimmunesystemshavebeengreatlyweakened,theycanprovefatal.“因

此，机遇性感染对健康人是无大害的。可以推断出这一说法与文章内容不符。

4、OnlybycuringAIDScanpeoplelengthentheirlifespansandimprovethequalityof

life.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第一段提到，"thereisnocureforAIDS",艾滋病是无药可救

的。题中这一说法明显与文章内容不符。

5、Onlywhenapersonhasreachedthefinal,life-threateningstageofHIVinfection,we

usethetermAIDS.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第二段提至『'InfectionwithHIVdocsnotnecessarilymeanthata

personhasAIDS.PhysiciansprefertousethetermAIDSforcaseswhereapersonhas

reachedthefinal,life-threateningstageofHIVinfection.,5HIV病毒感染到了危及生

命的阶段才被称为艾滋病。可见本题说法与文章内容完全相符。

6^AIDSwasfirstidentifiedin1981amonghomosexualmenanddrugusersinwestern

Europe.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析:文章第三段说到，"AIDSwasfirstidentifiedin1981amonghomosexual

menanddrugusersinNewYorkandCalifornia.”艾滋病首先是在纽约和加州被发

现，而不是西欧。

7、ThedecreaseofnewcasesofHIVinfectionsandAIDSdeathsinCanadaandthe

UnitedStatessince1995isnotonlyattributedtotheavailabilityofnewdrugtreatments

andpublichealthprogramsbutalsothelawtobansexindustry.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第五段只提到"Thisdecreaseisattributedtotheavailabilityofnew

drugtreatmentsandpublichealthurogramsthattargetpeoplemostatriskfor

infection.”全文井未提到美国对于•性行业的态度。

8、CaucasiansandHispanicwomenaccountedfor82percentofAIDScasesamong

womenin2000.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中第五段末尾提到“IntheUnitedStates,AfricanAmericanand

Hispanicwomenaccountedfbr82percentofAIDScasesamongwomenin2000.”因止匕

是AfricanAmerican而不是Caucasianso

9、ThenumberofAIDScasesin,farexceedsthatofallothergeographic

regions.

标准答案：sub-SaharanAfrica

知识点解析：文中倒数第三段提到“Nowhereisthisbetterdemonstratedthaninsub-

SaharanAfrica,wherethenumberofAIDScasesfarexceedsthatofallother

geographicregions.”

10、TheincidenceofHIVinfectionwilllikelybeworsenedbyinChina.

标准答案：thegrowingsexindustry

知识点解析：文章最后一段提到“TheincidenceofHIVinfectionwilllikelybe

worsenedbythegrowingsexindustryinChina。"

11、InruralareasofChinatheincidenceofHIVinfectionisrisingbecausepoorpeople

regularly.

标准答案：selltheirblood

知识点解析:文中最后一段说“InruralareasofChinatheincidenceofHIVinfectionis

risingbecausemanypoverty-strickenpeopleregularlyselltheirblood.”

三、听力短对话（本题共3题，每题分，共3分。）

12、

A^Ashopassistant.

B、Atelephoneoperator.

C^Awaiter.

D^Apostalclerk.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:关键词foodordered（点的食物）和waitingfor20minutes,据此推断场

景必然在餐馆。女士问等了20分钟怎么点的菜还没上来，对方回答，THbcback

withyourorderinaminute.“（我马上就把您的菜上来），可见说话的是个服务员。

13、

A、Shedoesn'twanttolenditoutandwon't.

B、Shewilllenditnexttimebutnotnow.

C^Sheremembersthelasttimeshelentittohim.

D^Shewilllenditthistime,butneveragain.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:男士向女士借手机，女士说“Pmnotinthehabitoflendingoutmy

phone."，听起来已经拒绝男士了，但后面又接一句"Tellyouwhat,makethisthelast

lime,OK?”，意思是“记住，下不为例”，其实是答应借给男士用电话了。

14、

A、Sheisfull.

B>Shehasproblemsdigestingapples.

C>Sheisafraidtherearen'tenoughapples.

D^Shejustwantsasmallone.

标准答案：A

知识点解析："What1don"haveisplentyofroominmystomachfbrone.”意思是“胃

里已经没有地方再装一个了"，言外之意“饱了，吃不下了

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。）

15、

A、Foodprocessing.

B、Environmentalprotection.

C、Shoppinghabits.

D、Over-packagingproblems.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A^Theyhelppeoplesavetimeonhousework.

B、Theygointothegarbageheap.

C、Theyareharmfultotheenvironment.

D^Theymakeproductsmoreexpensive.

标准答案.C

知识点麻析：暂无解析

17、

A、Taketheirbagstothegrocerystore.

Buythingsthatareover-packaged.

C^Notbuyclothtowels.

D、Notthrowawaytheirclothtowel.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

18、

A、Teacherandstudent

Employerandemployee

C、Friends

D^Classmates

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Inahospital

B、InJoan,soffice

C、InMr.Sherwin'soffice

D、Athome

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A、Toaskforafewdaysoff

B、Totalkaboutherdaughter.

C、Tosendherhusbandtohospital.

D、Sheisn'tsatisfywithherjob.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A^Tomorrow

B、Thedayaftertomorrow

C、Inafewdays.

D、Friday

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

22、

A、AnofficialoftheUN.

B、Acoffeeshopowner.

C>Afriendofthespeaker.

D、Alex'sfriendfromCalifornia.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：选项表明本题是针对某人提问。短文末尾提到，当他（aman）返叵加

州时，把书留在了蒙特利尔，他的朋友Alex后来保存这本书。由此可知，这本书

最开始的主人是Alex的这位加州朋友，故答案为［D］。

23、

A^InAfrica.

B、InChicago.

C、InWashington.

D、InCalifornia.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该题询问地点，而整个短文中只出现了California,因此正确选项为

DInCalifornia。

24、

A、Itisfoundthatpeoplewhoworkatmentaljobsexperiencefewerheartattacksthan

otherpeople.

Itisfoundthatpeoplewhoworkatphysicaljobsexperiencefewerheartattacksthan

otherpeople.

C、Itisfoundthatpeoplewhoworkatheavyjobsexperiencefewerheartattacksthan

otherpeople.

D^Itisfoundthatpeoplewhoworkateasyjobsexperiencefewerheartattacksthan

otherpeople.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：该题考查对文中关键句的把握情况。注意四个选项的差别在于jobs

前的形容词不同，分别为mental,physical,heavy和easy,听到单词physical便可确

定正确选项为B。

25、

A、Machinescandoallthephysicalworkforman.

B、Machinescandoallthementalworkforman.

C、Allheavylaborshouldbereplacedbymachines.

D、Allheavylaborshouldn'tbereplacedbymachines.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：该题考查对关键句的把握。听时注意到短文最后一句中的表转折关系

的副词however,由此可推知正确选项为D。实际四个选项中A和B,及C和D

相矛盾，可缩小选择范围。

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

26、

A^InNewYork.

BNInabank.

C、Nearaprison.

D^Inthecountryside.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实题。本文讲述一个善良的司机如何机智地制服越狱犯的故事。本

题问的是地点。一听到“OnewintereveningMr.Blakewasdrivinginhiscaralongan

isolatedcountryroad.”这句话，即可作出正确选择D。

27、

A、Apoliceman.

B、Mr.Blake,soldfrier.d.

C、Aprisonofficial.

D、Arunawaycriminal.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理题。听短文时要抓住选项中四个人的相关信息。原文中关键句子

是，“Ashetalkedtothemanhelearnedthathehadbeeninprisonforrobberyandhad

escapedoutofprisonthreedaysago.”由此可以推断，搭便车的是个越狱的抢劫犯。

正确答案为D。

28、

A、Atleast14milesanhour.

B、Atleast40milesanhour.

C、Atmost40milesanhour.

D、Atmost14milesanhour.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。通过浏览选项可知，本题要考的是时速。短文中关键句子

是，“Hehadjustreachedasmalltownwherethespeedlimitwas40milesanhour.”,

正确答案为C。

29、

A、Becauseapolice-carfollowedhis.

B、Becausehewantedthemaninhiscararrested.

C>Becauseitgrewdarkeranddarker.

D、Becausehewantedtoreturnhomeearlier.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综合判断题。通过浏览选项可知，本题考的是“为什么“，听短文时对

于因果关系的信息一定要留心，并且在选项旁做好标记。Mr.Blake得知搭便车的

是一个越狱的抢劫犯，，艮害怕，担心口袋里的取款遭遇不测，驶到限速每小时40

英里的小镇，看到警车一辆，灵机一动，故意超速驾驶，警车拦道，问题自然解

决。正确答案为B。

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题分，共

〃分。）

A[Bl]ofthephysicalandchemicalnatureoflifemustbegin;notonthe

Earth,:butintheSumInfact,itis.attheSun%verycenter.Itisherethatistobefound

thesourceoftheenergythattheSun[B2]poursoutintospaceaslightandheat.

ThisenergyisliberatedatthecenteroftheSunasbillionsuponbillionsofnucleiof

[B3]atomscollidewitheachotherandfusetogethertoformnucleiof

helium（氮）.And,indoingso,it[B4]someoftheenergythatisstoredinthe

nucleiofatoms.TheoutputoflightandheatoftheSunrequiresthatsome600million

tonsofhydrogenbe[B5]intoheliumintheSuneverysecond.ThistheSunhas

beendoingforseveralthousandsofmillionsofyears.Thenuclearenergyisreleasedat

theSun'scenterashigh-energygamma[B6],aformofelectro-magnetic

radiationlikelightandradiowaves,onlyofverymuchshorter[B7].This

gammaradiationis[B8]byatomsinsidetheSun,tobere-emittedatslightly

longerwavelengths.Thisradiation,initsturn,isabsorbedandreemitted.[B9],

itpassesthroughtheX-raypartofthespectrum（频谱）,eventuallybecominglight.Atthis

stage,ilhasreachedwhatwecallthesolarsurfaceandcanescapeintospace,[BIO]

.AverysmallfractionoftheSun'slightandheatisemittedinsuchdirections

[Bill.

30、[BI]

标准答案：summary

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、[B2]

标准答案：constantly

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、[B3]

标准答案：hydrogen

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、[B4]

标准答案：releases

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、[B5]

标准答案：converted

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、[B6]

标准答案：radiation

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、[B7]

标准答案：wavelength

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、[B8]

标准答案：absorbed

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B9]

标准答案：Astheenergyfiltersthroughthelayersofthesolarinterior

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[BIO]

标准答案：withoutbeingabsorbedfurtherbysolaratoms.

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[Bll]

标准答案：thatafterpassingthroughspace,ithitstheEarth.

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读(选词填空)(本题共加题,每题3分，共

I。分。)

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifference

betweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustries'concentrated

[SI]ontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasive

salesmanship"to[S2]asmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproduction

andsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthen[S3]

themintomoney.Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthe'wantsofconsumers.It

beginswithfirstanalyzingthe[S4]anddemandsofconsumersandthen

producinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownas

themarketing【S5】,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhatever

iseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirst[S6]tofind

outwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionis

given[S7]overprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoevery

business[S8]thefirmandthecustomer-andeachmustbesatisfiedbefore

tradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurest

[S9]toprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astriking

exampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,

whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorby

asignificant[S10]ofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationofthe

ClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!A)

portionB)endeavorC)referencesD)conceptE)moveF)reviseG)primarilyH)

transactionI)undergoJ)preferencesK)priorityL)fractionM)routeN)convertO)

presumably

41、[SI]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[S2]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[S3]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[S4]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[S5]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[S6]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[S7]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、[S8]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、[S9]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、[S10]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分，共10分。）

Itissometimessaidthatthereisnosuchthingastheso-called"scientificmethod";there

areonlythemethodsusedinscience.Nevertheless,itseemsclearthatthereisoftena

specialsequenceofprocedureswhichisinvolvedintheestablishmentoftheworking

principlesofscience.Thissequenceisasfollows:(1)aproblemisrecognized,andas

muchinformationasappearstoberelevantiscollected;(2)asolution(i.e.ahypothesis)is

proposedandtheconsequencesarisingoutofthissolutionarededuced:(3)these

deductionsaretestedbyexperiment,andasaresultthehypothesisisaccepted,modified

ordiscarded.Asanillustrationofthiswecanconsiderthediscoveryofairpressure.Over

twothousandyearsago,mendiscoveredamethodofraisingwaterfromonelevelto

anotherbymeansofthevacuumpump.When,however,thismachinepassedintogeneral

useinthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies,itwasnotpossibletoraisewatervertically

morethanabout35feet.Why?Galileo,amongstothers,recognizedtheproblem,but

failedtosolveit.TheproblemwasthenattackedbyTorricelli.Analogizing(作类比推理)

fromtherecently-discoveredphenomenonofwater-pressure,hepostulated(假定)thata

deep"seaofair"surroundedtheearth;itwas,hethought,thepressureofthisseaofair

thatpushedonthesurface'ofthewaterandcausedittnriseinthevacuumtubeofa

pump.Ahypothesis,then,wasformed.Thenextstepwastodeducetheconsequencesof

thehypothesis.Torricellireasonedthatthis"airpressure"wouldbeunabletopusha

liquidheavierthanwaterashighas35feet,andthatacolumnofmercury(水南艮),for

example,whichweighedabout14timesmorethanwater,wouldrisetoonlyafourteenth

oftheheightofwater,i.e.approximately2.5feet.Hethentestedthisdeductionbymeans

oftheexperimentweallknow,andfoundthatthemercurycolumnmeasuredtheheight

predicted.Theexperimentthereforesupportedthehypothesis.Afurtherinferencewas

drawnbyPascal,whoreasonedthatifthis"seaofair"existed,itspressureatthe

bottom(i.e.sealevel)wouldbegreaterthanitspressurefurtherup,andthatthereforethe

heightofthemercurycolumnwoulddecreaseinproportiontotheheightabovesea-level.

Hethencarriedthemercurytubetothelopofamountainandobservedthatthecolumn

fellsteadilyastheheightincreased,whileanothermercurycolumnatthebottomofthe

mountainremainedsteady.ThisfurtherproofnotonlyestablishedTorricelli'shypothesis

moresecurely,butalsodemonstratedthat,insomeaspects,airbehavedlikewater.

51、Whydoestheauthormentionthediscoveryofairpressure?

A^Toshowthatairbehaveslikewaterinsomeaspects.

B、Toillustratethespecialsequenceofproceduresinvolvedintheestablishmentofthe

workinglawsofscience.

C、Toindicatethatitwasdifficulttousescientificmethodstosolvetheproblemof

vacuumpump.

D、Toshowhowscientistsmakeexperimentstotesttheirdeductions.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、Theword"deduce"inthefirstparagraphissimilarinmeaningto.

A、referto

B、reasonout

C、insiston

D、pointout

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

53Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A^Galileodidnotsolvetheproblemofthewater-pump.

B>Whenascientisttriestoestablishascientificlaw,hemustcollectmuchinformation.

C^Anoriginalhypothesisisnotalwaysaccepted.

D^Usingagoodvacuumpump,itispossibletoraisewaterfromthebottomofa

buildingtotheroof50feetabove.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

54>Fromthepassageweknowthat.

A、itwasGalileothatformedthehypothesisofairpressure

R、Torricelliwasconfusedhytheproblemofthewafer-pnmp

C^Pascal'sexperimentfurtherprovedtheair-pressurehypothesis

D、theweightofmercurycolumninlluencedairpressure

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

A、TheMethodsofScience

B、HowtoMakeDeductions

C、TheAirPressureHypothesis

D^HowtoFormaHypothesis

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

ThecombinationoftheincreasedburdenofAIDSinthedevelopingworldandthe

absenceofaffordabletherapiesandvaccineshasraisedthesensitivityofhealth

professionalstoissuesofethicsandequityininternationalbiomedicalresearch.Foremost

amongtheconcernsiswhethernewtreatmentsshouldbecomparedagainstWestern

standardsofcareoragainstexistinglocalstandards.Otherthornyissuesincludewhether

communitiescanbenefitfromresearchtheyhavetakenpartinwhentheymaynotbeable

toaffordthenewinterventionsthatproveeffectiveandhowresearchersandtheir

institutionsindevelopingcountriescanbestrengthenedthroughinternational

collaboration.Strongemotionalresponsesandincreasedentrenchmenthavebegunto

characterizethediscussiononhowtodesignandconductinternationalbiomedical

research.Thosewhoventureintothediscussiononinternationalresearchhavean

obligationtobeginwithfairnessastheprincipalruleofengagement,concernedthateach

partywillhaveanequalshareinwhatisbroughttothetable,andeachwillleavefeeling

equallysatisfied.Inreality,thereistheoverwhelmingpowerofassertionamongsome

participantsandthetemptationofexpediencyurgingdeferenceonthepartofothers.The

economic,social,technological,andpoliticalsituationsofdisparitythatweighsoheavily

onthisdiscussionshould,however,notbeusedasreasonstodisparageit.Partiesaffected

byproposedhealthresearchprojectsneedtobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedindesigning

andcarryingouttheresearch.Insupportofthis,theroleoflocalandnationalethics

committeesindevelopingcountriesisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.Similarly,local

researchinstitutionsandscientistsaregainingstrongerrolesininternationalresearch

projects.Thereisalsobroaderrecognitionoftheneedandvalueofconsultinglocal

communitiesandinvolvingpotentialparticipantsinresearchearlyonintheprocessof

designingresearchprotocols.Giventheenormousdisparitybetweenthepartiesinvolved

ininternationalresearch,itmaynotalwaysbepossibletoachieveunityoreven

consensus.Ontheotherhand,toallowanyonevoice(orgroupofvoices)todominatethe

conversationwouldbeirresponsible.Byfosteringfairnessanddemandingastrong

commitmenttothehighestvalues,wccontributetothepowerofhealthresearchtomore

fullyaddresstheurgenciesofdiseaseandtheinequitiesofhealthcare.

56、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,oneoftheconcernsrelatedtointernational

biomedicalresearchis.

A、whethertheexperimentedtreatmentsshouldbecomparedagainstlocalstandards

B、whethertheexperimentedtreatmentsareshowntobeeffective

C>whenlocalcommunitieswillbeabletocarryouttheirownresearchprojects

D、theprohibitivecostsinvolved

标准答案：A

知识点解析：属事实细节题。第一段指出：“最受关注的问题是，新型治疗应对照

西方的医疗标准还是当地的现行标准。”

57^Theword"thorny"(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans"

A、prickly

B、difficult

C、misunderstood

D、sharp

标准答案：B

知识点解析：属词义判断题。根据后面对问题的具体列举，可以判断出该词应为

“困难”的意思。

58、Whydoestheauthorsuggestthatsomepeopleareurgedtodeferindiscussionsof

internationalresearch?

A^Becausethereisalackofequalitybetweentherelevantparties.

BNBecauseofpressurefromthelocalcommunities.

C、Becauseofpressurefromtheinternationalcommunity.

D^Becausethereisatemptationtothinkintheirownfavor.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：属逻辑关系题。按照