迈向未来互联网：治理范式的重塑与协同（英文版）-世界经济论坛

IncollaborationwithAccenture

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality:AdvancingGovernanceintheFutureInternet

WJRLD

ECC)NMIC

FORUM

WHITEPAPER

NOVEMBER2024

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality2

Images:MidJourney,Unsplash

Contents

Foreword3

Executivesummary4

Introduction5

1

Currentstateofinternetgovernance8

1.1Thefoundationalmultistakeholdermodel9

1.2Thestabilityoftechnicalstandards11

1.3Governancefragmentation12

1.4Theimpactofgovernance13

2

Sharedcommitmentsforguidinggovernanceinblendedreality14

2.1Humanrights16

2.2Accountability17

2.3Collaborativesafety18

2.4Ownershipofphysicalanddigitalassets19

2.5Responsibledatapractices20

2.6Educationandresearch21

2.7Accessibility22

2.8Social,economicandenvironmentalsustainability23

Calltoaction24

Contributors25

Endnotes31

Disclaimer

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Thefindings,interpretationsand

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SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality3

November2024

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality:AdvancingGovernanceintheFutureInternet

Foreword

DanielDobrygowski

Head,GovernanceandTrust,WorldEconomicForum

Thecurrentinternetlandscapefaceschallenges

suchasmistrust,1fracturedgovernance2,3andoftenreactivepolicies4thatmaynotbeinteroperable

acrossjurisdictions.5Societyisatacrucial

inflectionpointwheretheconvergenceofemergingtechnologies,newindustryplayersandevolving

publicexpectationscreatesauniqueopportunity

totacklethesechallenges.Themetaverseoffers

aglimpseofwhatthefutureinternetmightlook

like–animmersiveintegrationofdigitaland

physicalrealities,propelledbyadvancementsin

extendedreality(XR)technologyandintegration

withtechnologieslikeartificialintelligence(AI)and

distributedledgertechnology(DLT).Thisincludes

blockchain,6G,internetofthings(IoT),quantum

technologies,robotics,digitaltwinsandmore.6Thistransformationisnotjustatechnologicalleapbutanopportunitytoexplorehowgovernancecandevelopsecurelyandsafelyindigitalspacesandaffectthenormsofphysicalreality.

InMay2022,theWorldEconomicForumlaunchedtheDefiningandBuildingtheMetaverseInitiative,

anintegratedapproachtothedevelopmentand

governanceofthemetaverse.Itsaimistobuilda

safer,moreresponsible,secure,equitable,inclusive,diverse,resilientandaccessiblemetaversethroughdiscussionswithawidearrayofstakeholders–

includingthosefromgovernment,industry,civilsocietyandacademia.Thispaperbuildsontheinitiative’swork.IncollaborationwithAccenture,previousoutputsinclude:

–

InteroperabilityintheMetaverse

–

PrivacyandSafetyintheMetaverse

EmmanuelViale

ManagingDirector,

Innovation,Accenture

–

MetaverseIdentity:DefiningtheSelfina

BlendedReality

–

DemystifyingtheConsumerMetaverse

–

SocialImplicationsintheMetaverse

–

ExploringtheIndustrialMetaverse:ARoadmap

totheFuture

–

MetaverseCybersecurity:BuildingResiliencein

theFutureInternet

Thiswhitepaperoperatesonthepremisethat

themetaverserepresentsacriticalopportunity

toredefinethenormsoftoday’sinternetand,

specifically,internetgovernance.Astechnologiesadvance,thesenewinnovationsandtheir

governance–acrossbusinessunits,geographiesandjurisdictions–presentanopportunityto

redefinenormsandcreateasafe,inclusive,accessible,resilientandequitablemetaverse.

Thisfuturestate,however,canonlybeachievedifstakeholdersfromindustry,government,academiaandcivilsocietyalignonahuman-firstapproach,ensuringthatthemetaverseanditssupporting

technologiesaresociallyandeconomicallybeneficialforeveryone.

Achievingthisvisionrequirestechnology-agnostic,durablecommitmentstoimplementingimpactfulfuturegovernance.Thisdocumentoutlinesthosecommitmentsandcallsforglobalmultistakeholdercollaborationtodeliverthem.

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality4

Executivesummary

Blendedrealitydemandsgovernance

throughcommoncommitmentstobridgethegapbetweentechnologicalinnovationandsocietalexpectations.

Theconvergenceandadoptionofkeyemergingtechnologies–likeextendedreality(XR)paired

withartificialintelligence(AI),6G,internetofthings(IoT),blockchain,robotics,digitaltwins,etc.–ispropellingtheinternetintoanew“blendedreality”oftenreferredtoas“themetaverse”orthe“futureoftheinternet”.

Sometechnologistsbelievethatthemetaverseis

theexperiencelayer7,8,9–orinterfacelayer–ofthefutureinternet,whichwillbeunderpinnedbyscalingtechnologieslikeXRhardware,AIanddistributed

ledgertechnology(DLT)(includingblockchainandotherapplications).Thisblendedrealityrequires

acohesivegovernanceapproachthatconsiders

theexpandinginterplaybetweendigitalnetworks,hardware,software,dataandthenormsand

expectationsofphysicalreality.Thisreportoutlinesavisionforhowgovernancemustevolvetomeettheuniquechallengesposedbythisnewblendedrealityparadigm.

Today’sinternetgovernancecanbefragmented

acrossjurisdictions,leadingtoconflictingstandards,

gapsinregulationandbarrierstoequitableaccess.Thefutureinternet,withitsdeepintegrationof

digitalandphysicalrealities,amplifiesthese

challenges.Governancemust,therefore,become

morecohesive,adaptableandinclusivetosupportthesafe,sustainableandsociallyresponsible

developmentofblendedrealitytechnologies.Key

recommendationsfocusonestablishingshared

commitmentsacrossindustries,governments,

academiaandcivilsociety.Thesecommitments

prioritizehumanrights,accountability,safety,assetownershipandresponsibledatapractices,allaimedatcreatingtrustandsecurityinthemetaverse.Byadoptingthesecommitments,stakeholderscan

shapeafutureinternetthatbalancesinnovationwithresponsibility.

Thenextstepsinvolvealigningglobalstandards

andpolicieswiththesecommitmentsandcreatingmultistakeholderforumstodrivecollaboration.

Theseactionswillensurethatthefutureinternetservesasaforceforsocietalandeconomic

benefitwhileprotectingtherightsandwell-beingofallusers.

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality5

Introduction

Asemergingtechnologiesandexpectationsevolve,stakeholdersmustalignonacommonvisiontoaddressgovernancechallenges.

Societyisatapivotalmoment.Theconvergenceofemergingtechnologiesandindividuals’evolvingexpectationspresentsauniqueopportunityto

addressnascentgovernancechallenges.To

alignandexpandonhowgovernanceshouldbeapproached,itisnecessaryforallstakeholders

toestablishacommonvisiontodrivedistinctandtailoredaction.

Thispaperfocusesonsettingavisionfor

advancingfutureinternetgovernance.Given

theblendingofrealitiesandtechnology

convergence,itdefinescommoncommitmentsandgoalsthatshouldbesharedbyall

stakeholderstoenablecohesivegovernance.

Blendedreality:Governingthefutureoftheinternet

FIGURE1

Digitalreality

Supportedby:

—Infrastructure/internetnetwork

—Hardware/software

—Applicationinterfaces

—Data

+Downloaded“offline”content

Physical/digitalblended

experiencessupportedbyXRandconvergingtechnologies(facilitatedbytheexpansionoftheinternetandsupportingtechnologystack)

PhysicalrealityBlendedreality

Thescopeofthefutureinternet

Human-firsttechdesign

Commitmentlanguage

BOX1

Throughoutthispaper,theterm“commitments”referstoasetofconceptsofferedtoguidestakeholdersindevelopinggoodgovernancepracticesratherthanspecificobligationsadoptedbystakeholders.

Withtheseprinciplesinmind,stakeholdersacrossacademia,government,industryandcivilsocietycandeterminepreferredglobal,regional,national

andlocalmethodsformeetinggoalsthroughlaw,policies,standards,toolingandbestpractices.

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality6

FIGURE2Thevisionforadvancingthefutureoftheinternet

Thevisionforadvancingfutureinternetgovernance

Thefollowingcommitmentsandgoalsarenecessarytofurtherdeveloprequirements,standards,toolingandbestpractices

Eightguidingcommitments

1

Humanrights

Respectinghumanrights

Preservationofchoice

Consentin

context

2

Accountability

Clarityofrolesandresponsibilities

Recourseand

redress

3

Collaborativesaftey

Human-firstdesign

Comparativesafteyburden

Identificationmanagment

Responsibleinnovation

4

Ownershipofphysicalanddigitalassets

Empowerment

throughownership

definition

Empowerment

throughtraceability

andcontrol

Empowerment

throughlegal

protection

5

Responsibledatapractices

Responsibledata

processingand

management

6

Educationandresearch

Education

Privacyandsecurity

Researchandopenknowledge

Review,update,

transfer,delete

anderase

7

Accessibility

8

Social,

economicandenvironmentalsustainability

Inclusionanddiversity

Environmentalsustainability

Toolingandinfrastructure

investments

Interoperability

Social

sustainability

Economicsustainability

Stakeholdernextsteps:1

1Createrequirementsandstandardsforachievinggoals2Developtoolingandbestpracticestoenableachievementofrequirementsandstandards

Note:1.Outsideofthescopeofthispaper/tobedescribedinthefuturebyindividualstakeholders.

ofpersonasandpurposes.Thisimpressive

transformationsignalsthebeginningofthenext

eraofinternet’sevolution,onethatholdsimmensepotentialfortoday’sgenerations.AsnotedintheEdisonAlliance2024ImpactReport,considerableprogresshasbeenmadeinexpandingdigital

access,11,12yetsignificantopportunitiesforimprovementremain.

Tounderstandthevisionforthefuture,itisnecessarytounderstandthesuccessesandshortcomingsofthecurrentinternetgovernancelandscapeandhowtechnologyconvergenceisdeliveringablended

reality.Foundationalgovernancesuccesseshaveenabledtheinternet’sexpansion,butcriticalareasstillrequireattention.Commitmentscanaddressthesecriticalareasanddeliversocialand

technicalvalue.

Thedawnofanewera–blendedreality

Thecurrentinternetlandscape

Technologywritlargeisundergoingaprofoundtransformation.13Theinternetisenteringwhat

manyconsideranexperientialandspatialnextiteration.14,15Thisneweraischaracterizedby

thearrivalofa“blendedreality”–aconvergenceofphysicalanddigitalworlds,drivenby

rapidadvancementsinextendedreality(XR),

artificialintelligence(AI),InternetofThings(IoT),blockchain,robotics,digitaltwinsandemergingtechnologieslikequantumcomputing.This

evolutionpromisesimmersiveexperiences,hyper-scaleconnectivityandunprecedentedcomputationalpower.

Theinternettodaystandsasavastglobalnetworksupportedbyasophisticatedandcomplex

technologicalinfrastructurethattranscends

geographicalboundaries.Itconnects5.35billionindividualsglobally10asatoolforcommunication,workandcommerce,aswellaspolitical,culturalandsocialengagement.

Originallycreatedasaknowledge-sharingnetworkforacademicandresearchinstitutions,theinternethasevolvedintoavibrantinnovationnetwork

forconnectivitythatnowservesamultitude

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality7

Hardwaredevices–suchassmartphones,

biometricandIoTsensors,andXRheadsets–playapivotalroleinthistransformationbyreshapinghowindividualsinteractwiththeinternetandeachother.Thesetechnologiesareblurringthelinebetween

onlineandofflinelives,creatingnewchallenges

andopportunitiesthatrequireacoordinatedandinformedapproachfromstakeholdersforeffectivenavigationandgovernance.

Thefracturedlandscape

Whilesignificantprogresshasbeenmade,the

currentinternetandtechnologylandscaperemainsfragmented,revealingopportunitiesformore

cohesivegovernance.

Challengessuchasthedigitaldivide,segregatedstakeholderactionsanddemandforresponsiblegrowthunderscoretheneedforgreater

collaborationopportunities.

TABLE1Opportunitiesforgreatercollaboration

Segregatedstakeholderactions

Responsiblegrowth

Digitaldivide

Whenconsideringhowtofacilitate

responsiblegrowth,societyisfacedwith

therealitythattherearehundredsoreven

thousandsofgovernanceauthoritiesand

structuresthatbothsupportandconflictwithoneanother.Eachbodyis,withintheirownmeans,guidingthegrowthandevolutionofthefutureinternet.

Thispaintsthepicturethatinternet

governanceisnotonesystem,one

controlpoint,oroneinstitution.19Instead,responsiblegrowthshouldbeenabled

Thegovernancelandscapeisoftenmarkedbyfragmentation,withamultitudeof

stakeholders,regulatorybodiesandtechnicalstandardsoftenoperatinginisolation.

Whiletherearegroupsthatmakeanefforttocoordinate,18associetymovestowardsamoreimmersiveandpervasiveinternetexperience,theneedforcohesive,forward-thinking

governancehasneverbeenmorepressing.

Toachievethis,existingstakeholders,bodiesandforumsshouldconveneindividuals

fromacademia,industry,civilsocietyandgovernmentandcultivatecoordinated

knowledgesharing.

Today,theinternet’sphysicalreachisonly66%ofpeopleglobally16–reflectingan

ongoingdigitaldivide.Aroundone-thirdoftheworld’spopulation,orabout2.6billionpeople,remainoffline.17

Contentreachcanbeenhancedthrough

improvedinfrastructure,applicationdeliveryandaccessibilityopportunitieslikelanguagelocalizationandaddressingvernacular

disparities.Thesechallengessignalroomforgrowthinthecreationofamoreinclusive

andconnectedlandscape.

throughcollaborationacrossthesebodies.

Buildingonthisunderstanding,thisdocument

proposesasetofcommitmentsthatserve

ascrucialinputsforshapingthegovernance

oftomorrow’sinternet.Thesecommitments,

developedthroughamultistakeholderprocess,arenotgovernancestructuresthemselvesbutratheraguidingvisionthatcaninformthedevelopmentofrobust,adaptableandinclusivegovernance

approaches,frameworksandbestpractices.

Theneedforcommitments

Theconvergenceofpowerfultechnologies,

coupledwiththecurrentfragmentationin

internetgovernance,presentsachallengeand

anopportunity.Thiscriticaljuncturedemandsa

refreshedviewof“whatgoodlookslike”today

andwhatitwilllooklikeinthefutureastechnologycontinuestoevolveinthecontextofimmersive,

spatial,AI-driveninternetexperiences.

Byarticulatingthesecommitments,theaimisto

catalyseaglobalconversationonhowstakeholderscancollectivelyensurethatthefutureinternet

remainsaforceforpositivechange,cultivatesinnovationandpromotesthewell-beingofallusersinanincreasinglyblendedreality.

Thispaperaimstobridgethegapbetweenthe

technicalrealitiesoftoday’sinternetgovernance

andtheaspirationalvisionfora“blendedreality”

future.Byexaminingthecurrentstateofinternet

governance,itlaysthefoundationforunderstandingthechallengesandopportunitiesahead.

1

Currentstateof

internetgovernance

Currentinternetgovernanceisdecentralized

andfragmented,highlightingtheurgentneedforcollaborativeglobalgovernanceframeworks.

Theworldisatacrossroadsinthedesign,

developmentandgovernanceofthefuture

internetandtheblendedrealityitdelivers.Yet,tounderstandwhatisneedednext,itisnecessarytounderstandtoday’sinternetgovernanceefforts.

Today’sinternetgovernanceeffortshaveaimedtoenablescalabilityandsecurity.Thishascausedmanyunsettledrisksandchallenges.20However,

asrecommendationsaremadeforidentifyingandimplementinggovernancecommitmentstoguidethefutureoftheinternet,itisimportanttooutline:

1.Thefoundationalmultistakeholdermodel

2.Thestabilityoftechnicalstandards

3.Governancefragmentation

FIGURE3

Internetgovernancerisksandchallenges

Internetgovernancerisksandchallenges

Collaborativesafetyefforts

Collaborativeeducationandresearch

TOwnership

Humanrights

Accountability

Sustainability

Responsible

datapractices

Accessibility

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality8

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality9

1.1Thefoundationalmultistakeholdermodel

–Experiencemanagementlayer:This

encompassestheadministrativetasksthat

dictatehowethics,principlesanddiverse

stakeholderinputtranslateintohardwareandsoftwarerequirements.

–Stakeholderparticipationlayer:Thisincludesthecontentandinterfacesprovidedoverthe

connectednetworkandtheexperiencedeliverymechanismsthatenableeveryonetoparticipateviaaccessing,communicating,moving,

transactingandcreatingonthenetwork.

–Dataandinfrastructurelayer:Thisincludesthephysicalcomputingandnetworking

operationsthatenableconnectivity.

Thegovernanceoftheinternetisnotasinglefunction.Rather,itisanentirenetworkof

distinctroles,responsibilitiesanddiscrete

tasksexecutedbyseparatestakeholdersandmultistakeholdergroups.

Thesegovernancetasksaresupportedbytechnicalandjurisdictionalguardrails–spanningregulation,publicpolicy,standardsandenforcement–that

applytoinfrastructure(suchasnetworks,hardwareandsoftware)andtheexperiencesdeliveredvia

thisinfrastructure.

ApreviousForumpaper,InteroperabilityintheMetaverse,21describeddistinctlayersofthemetaversethatrequiregovernance:

FIGURE4Layersofinteroperabilityandconsiderations

Source:WorldEconomicForum.(2023).InteroperabilityintheMetaverse.

Experiencemanagementlayer

Collaboration

Stakeholderparticipationlayer

Movement

Dataandinfrastructurelayer

Networks

Computing

Transactions

Guardrails

Creation

Access

1Namingandaddressing:Asystemfor

Theselayersarebeingaddressedthroughexistingandemergingapproachesledbyentitieslikethe

InternationalTelecommunicationsUnion(ITU),22

theInternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbers(ICANN),23theOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)24andtheMetaverseStandardsForum,25amongothers.

Suchentitieshaveconveneddiversegroups–fromgovernments,theprivatesector,civilsocietyand

thetechnicalcommunity–inanopendialoguetomakeconsensus-baseddecisionsandtakeresponsibilityforfunctionslike:

uniquelyidentifyingandlocatingresourcesorentitieswithinanetworkorenvironment,suchasIPaddressesordomainnamesontheinternet

2Openstandardsdevelopment:The

collaborativeprocessofcreatingand

maintainingtechnicalspecificationsthatarepubliclyavailableandcanbefreelyadopted,implementedandextendedbyanyone

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality10

oftentoimprovetheircapacitytounderstand,implementormanagespecifictechnologies,processesorsystems

Whilethesechampioningbodiesmaybeunifyingvoices,thedegreeofoverlapinsubjectmatter

resultsinpotentiallycontradictorystandardsacrossbodies,creatingfurtherneedforcollaboration

andcoordination.

3Sharedglobalservicesandoperations:

Infrastructure,resourcesorfunctionsthatarejointlymanagedandappliedonaglobalscale,oftentosupportcommongoalsorprovide

consistentservicesacrossdifferentregionsororganizations

4Educationandcapacitybuilding:The

processofenhancingtheknowledge,skillsandabilitiesofindividualsororganizations,

FIGURE5Exampleofmultistakeholderbodies:Theinternet’sgovernancearrangementsareanetwork

Openstandardsdevelopments

2

3

1

Internetecosystem

Local,national,regionalandglobalpolicydevelopment

Sharedglobal

servicesand

operations

Educationandcapacitybuilding

Nameandaddressing

6

5

4

Users

Source:InternetSociety.(2016).InternetGovernance–WhytheMultistakeholderApproachWorks.

Thisfragmentationofnationalframeworkscanhindertheefficiencyandeffectivenessofglobalinternetgovernanceandtheabilitytoaddresstransnationalissuessuchascybercrime,

digitaltrade,onlineharms,secureandtrustedcross-borderdataflows,andtheprotectionofintellectualproperty.

Toaddressthesechallenges,itisimperative

toestablishacommonsetofgovernance

commitmentsthatallstakeholderscanexecuteviatailoredstrategies,approachesandpoliciesthatarealignedwithjurisdictionalvaluesand

establishcommonobjectivesforcooperation.

Additionally,thedistributedarchitecture,computingactivitiesandinternettrafficaresubjecttostatutorycontexts.26Forexample,nationalgovernments

exertjurisdictionusingso-calleddatalocalization

laws,27oftenframedintermsofdatasovereignty.

Assuch,regulationsliketheEuropeanUnion’s(EU’s)GeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR)28setaprecedentforstrictdataprivacypracticesthatdiffersignificantlyfrompracticesinotherregions,such

astheUSorpartsofAsia,wheredataregulation

maybelessstringentlydefinedandenforced.Thisdivergenceofstatutoryapproachesunderscores

thechallengesofapplyingauniformgovernance

modelacrossdifferinglegalandculturallandscapes.

Thestabilityoftechnicalstandards

1.2

Thesuccess

ofthese

multistakeholder

effortsinmanagingtheinternet’s

backbone

illustrates

thepowerofcoordinated,technical

governance.

Theinternet’stechnicalinfrastructure,

encompassingbotharchitecturaldesignand

connectivitystandards,hasbeencrucialtoits

rapidexpansion.Thisfoundationhasenabled

globalconnectivity,cultivatedinteroperabilityandsupportedthegrowthofthedigitaleconomy.

Thestabilityandreliabilityoftheinternetare

atestamenttomultistakeholdergovernance

andstandardssettingbydistinctorganizations

suchastheInternetEngineeringTaskForce29

(IETF),theWorldWideWebConsortium30(W3C),

ICANN,InternetSociety31(ISOC),theITUandthe

InternationalOrganizationforStandardization32

(ISO).Notably,theseorganizationshelpedguidethetechnicaldeliveryofthenetworksandinfrastructuresupportinginternetinvariants,33orpropertiesthat

donotchangeevenastheinternetdoes,suchas:

1.Globalreachandintegrity:Anyinternetendpointcancommunicatewithanyotherendpointglobally,ensuringconsistentandreliabledatatransmission.

2.Generalpurpose:Theinternetsupportsa

widerangeofapplicationsandserviceswithoutinherentlimitations.

3.Permissionlessinnovation:Anyonecan

createanddeploynewservicesontheinternetwithoutneedingspecialapproval,cultivating

continuousinnovation.

4.Accessibility:Anyoneisfreetoconsumeorcreatecontentontheinternet,setupserversandestablishnetworks.

5.Interoperabilityandmutualagreement:Openstandardsandagreementsbetweennetworkoperatorsenableseamless

inter-networking.

6.Collaboration:Effectiveinternetgovernancereliesoncooperativeeffortsamongdiversestakeholderstosolveemergingissues.

7.Reusablebuildingblocks:Technologies

developedforspecificpurposesontheinternetcanberepurposedfornewapplications.

8.Nopermanentfavourites:Thesuccessoftheinternetdependsoncontinued

relevanceandutility,notonmaintainingafavouredstatus.

Whilethesesharedexpectationshaveeffectivelyguidedthedevelopmentofthetechnicaldeliveryofprotocolsandstandards,maintainingthe

robust,borderlessnatureoftheinternethas

presentedchallengesintermsofpolicy-making,enforcementandmulti-jurisdictionalcoordination.Thishighlightstheimportanceofcontinuous

multistakeholdercollaborationandinternationalcooperation,34especiallywhenlookingtowardsdevelopmentsinthemetaverseandotherformsofemergingtechnology.

Thesuccessofthesemultistakeholderefforts

inmanagingtheinternet’sbackboneillustrates

thepowerofcoordinated,technicalgovernance.Thisworkhassustainedtheinternet’sfoundationalelements,ensuringitscontinuedgrowth

andstability.

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality11

SharedCommitmentsinaBlendedReality12

1.3

Governancefragmentation

Currentmultistakeholdereffortshavecreatedafragmentedanddecentralizedgovernanceenvironmentacrosstechnicalandjurisdictionaldomains.

FIGURE6

Technicalandjurisdictionalgovernance

Jurisdictionalgovernance

Technicalgovernance

Administrativeoversigh