英语专业专升本美国概况模拟试卷

英语专业专升本美国概况模拟试卷考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分 年级/班级：高中三年级英语专业专升本

英语专业专升本美国概况模拟试卷

一、选择题

1.TheUnitedStatesisoftendescribedasanationofimmigrants,whichofthefollowinggroupsisNOTconsideredoneofthemajorwavesofimmigrationtotheU.S.?

A.Irish

B.German

C.Japanese

D.Russian

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheoriginal13coloniesthatdeclaredindependencefromBritainin1776?

A.Virginia

B.Pennsylvania

C.Canada

D.Massachusetts

3.TheU.S.Constitutionwasratifiedinwhichyear?

A.1776

B.1789

C.1791

D.1812

4.WhichamendmenttotheU.S.Constitutionguaranteesfreedomofspeechandreligion?

A.FirstAmendment

B.FifthAmendment

C.FourthAmendment

D.SecondAmendment

5.TheCivilWarintheUnitedStateswasprimarilyfoughtoverwhichissue?

A.Slavery

B.Staterights

C.Economicpolicies

D.Foreignrelations

6.WhichpresidentoftheUnitedStatesisknownfortheEmancipationProclamation?

A.GeorgeWashington

B.AbrahamLincoln

C.ThomasJefferson

D.FranklinD.Roosevelt

7.TheGreatDepressionwasamajoreconomiccrisisintheUnitedStatesthatbeganinwhichyear?

A.1929

B.1933

C.1941

D.1954

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartoftheU.S.BillofRights?

A.Freedomofspeech

B.Righttobeararms

C.Righttoafairtrial

D.Righttovote

9.TheCivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStatesisbestknownforwhichofthefollowingachievements?

A.Women'ssuffrage

B.Endofslavery

C.VotingrightsforAfricanAmericans

D.EstablishmentoftheUnitedNations

10.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreebranchesoftheU.S.government?

A.Executive

B.Legislative

C.Judicial

D.Military

11.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasprimarilyauthoredbywhichindividual?

A.GeorgeWashington

B.ThomasJefferson

C.BenjaminFranklin

D.JohnAdams

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheoriginal50statesoftheUnitedStates?

A.Alaska

B.Hawaii

C.Texas

D.Florida

13.TheU.S.ElectoralCollegeisresponsibleforwhichofthefollowingtasks?

A.Appointingambassadors

B.Electingthepresident

C.Approvingfederallaws

D.Overseeingstatebudgets

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamajorcityintheUnitedStates?

A.NewYorkCity

B.LosAngeles

C.London

D.Chicago

15.TheWarof1812wasfoughtbetweentheUnitedStatesandwhichcountry?

A.GreatBritain

B.France

C.Spain

D.Mexico

16.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthefiveGreatLakesintheUnitedStates?

A.LakeSuperior

B.LakeMichigan

C.LakeVictoria

D.LakeHuron

17.TheLouisianaPurchasewasasignificantlanddealbetweentheUnitedStatesandwhichcountry?

A.GreatBritain

B.France

C.Spain

D.Mexico

18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacomponentoftheU.S.federalcourtsystem?

A.SupremeCourt

B.DistrictCourts

C.StateCourts

D.CircuitCourts

19.TheAmericanRevolutionbeganwithwhichevent?

A.ThesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependence

B.TheBostonTeaParty

C.TheBattleofGettysburg

D.TheLouisianaPurchase

20.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheoriginal13colonies?

A.NewYork

B.NewJersey

C.Quebec

D.Delaware

二、填空题

1.TheU.S.Constitutionwasdraftedin_______.

2.TheCivilWarintheUnitedStateswasfoughtbetweentheUnionandthe_______.

3.TheDeclarationofIndependencewassignedon_______.

4.TheU.S.BillofRightsconsistsofthefirst_______amendmentstotheConstitution.

5.TheGreatDepressionbeganin_______.

6.TheU.S.ElectoralCollegeiscomposedof_______electors.

7.TheWarof1812isalsoknownasthe_______War.

8.TheLouisianaPurchasedoubledthesizeoftheUnitedStatesin_______.

9.TheAmericanRevolutionendedwiththeTreatyof_______.

10.TheU.S.SupremeCourthas_______justices.

11.TheU.S.Constitutionestablishesa_______government.

12.TheEmancipationProclamationwasissuedbyPresident_______.

13.TheU.S.CivilRightsMovementisbestknownforthe_______March.

14.TheU.S.Capitalislocatedin_______.

15.TheU.S.dollaristheofficialcurrencyofthe_______.

16.TheU.S.isdividedinto_______statesand_______territories.

17.TheU.S.Constitutionwasratifiedby_______states.

18.TheU.S.BillofRightsguaranteesfreedomssuchas_______and_______.

19.TheU.S.ElectoralCollegemeetsin_______tocasttheirvotes.

20.TheWarof1812wasfoughtbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain,alsoknownasthe_______War.

三、多选题

1.WhichofthefollowingaremajorcausesoftheAmericanRevolution?

A.Taxationwithoutrepresentation

B.TheStampAct

C.TheBostonMassacre

D.TheFrenchandIndianWar

2.WhichofthefollowingaremajoreventsoftheCivilRightsMovement?

A.TheMontgomeryBusBoycott

B.TheSelmatoMontgomeryMarch

C.TheMarchonWashington

D.TheCivilRightsActof1964

3.WhichofthefollowingarecomponentsoftheU.S.federalcourtsystem?

A.SupremeCourt

B.DistrictCourts

C.StateCourts

D.CircuitCourts

4.WhichofthefollowingaremajorchallengesfacedbytheUnitedStatesinthe21stcentury?

A.Economicinequality

B.Climatechange

C.Politicalpolarization

D.Healthcarereform

5.WhichofthefollowingaresignificantachievementsoftheU.S.spaceprogram?

A.TheApollomoonlanding

B.TheSpaceShuttleprogram

C.TheInternationalSpaceStation

D.TheMarsRovermission

6.WhichofthefollowingaremajorissuesinU.S.education?

A.Schoolfunding

B.Teachersalaries

C.Dropoutrates

D.Educationalinequality

7.WhichofthefollowingaremajoreventsinU.S.historyrelatedtoimmigration?

A.TheIrishPotatoFamine

B.TheGoldRush

C.TheEllisIslandimmigrationstation

D.TheMexican-AmericanWar

8.WhichofthefollowingaremajorcomponentsoftheU.S.economy?

A.Agriculture

B.Technology

C.Manufacturing

D.Tourism

9.WhichofthefollowingaremajorchallengesfacedbytheUnitedStatesintermsofforeignpolicy?

A.Internationaltrade

B.Nationalsecurity

C.Globalterrorism

D.Humanrights

10.WhichofthefollowingaresignificantculturalcontributionsoftheUnitedStates?

A.Hollywoodfilms

B.Jazzmusic

C.Rockandroll

D.Americanliterature

四、判断题

1.TheU.S.Constitutionwasoriginallyintendedtoestablishastrongcentralgovernment.

2.TheCivilWarendedwiththesurrenderofGeneralRobertE.LeetoGeneralUlyssesS.Grant.

3.TheU.S.BillofRightswasaddedtotheConstitutionimmediatelyafteritsratification.

4.FranklinD.RooseveltisknownforhisNewDealprogramsduringtheGreatDepression.

5.TheU.S.ElectoralCollegewasestablishedbytheConstitutiontoensuredirectelectionofthepresidentbythepeople.

6.TheLouisianaPurchasewasprimarilyobtainedtosecurecontrolovertheMississippiRiver.

7.TheAmericanRevolutionwasprimarilyfoughtoverissuesofeconomicpolicyandtraderegulations.

8.TheU.S.DeclarationofIndependencewasprimarilyinfluencedbytheideasofEnlightenmentthinkers.

9.TheU.S.CivilRightsMovementofthe1960swasprimarilyledbyMartinLutherKingJr.

10.TheU.S.dollaristheofficialcurrencyofCanada.

11.TheU.S.isdividedinto50statesand0territories.

12.TheU.S.SupremeCourthasthefinalsayontheconstitutionalityoflaws.

13.TheWarof1812isoftenreferredtoastheSecondWarofAmericanIndependence.

14.TheU.S.CapitalislocatedinNewYorkCity.

15.TheU.S.hasneverbeeninvolvedinanyinternationalconflicts.

16.TheU.S.spaceprogramwasprimarilyestablishedtocompetewiththeSovietUnionduringtheColdWar.

17.TheU.S.economyisprimarilybasedonagriculture.

18.TheU.S.hasnoformalforeignpolicy.

19.JazzmusicoriginatedinNewOrleans,Louisiana.

20.TheU.S.hasonlyhadmalepresidents.

五、问答题

1.DescribethemaincausesoftheAmericanRevolution.

2.ExplainthesignificanceoftheEmancipationProclamationduringtheCivilWar.

3.DiscussthemaingoalsandachievementsoftheU.S.CivilRightsMovementofthe1960s.

试卷答案

一、选择题答案及解析

1.C.Japanese

解析：TheUnitedStateshasexperiencedseveralwavesofimmigration,includingtheIrish,German,andRussianimmigrants,butJapaneseimmigrantswerenotamongthemajorwavesoftheearlycolonialperiod.ThemajorwavesofimmigrationtotheU.S.includetheIrishinthemid-19thcentury,theGermansinthemid-19thtoearly20thcenturies,andtheRussiansinthelate19thtoearly20thcenturies.

2.C.Canada

解析：Theoriginal13coloniesthatdeclaredindependencefromBritainin1776wereVirginia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,NewJersey,Delaware,Maryland,Connecticut,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantations,MassachusettsBay,NewHampshire,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andGeorgia.Canadawasneveroneoftheoriginal13colonies.

3.B.1789

解析：TheU.S.Constitutionwasratifiedin1789,afterbeingdraftedin1787duringtheConstitutionalConventioninPhiladelphia.TheConstitutionreplacedtheArticlesofConfederationandestablishedtheframeworkfortheU.S.government.

4.A.FirstAmendment

解析：TheFirstAmendmenttotheU.S.Constitutionguaranteesfreedomsconcerningreligion,expression,assembly,andtherighttopetition.ItwaspartoftheBillofRights,whichwasratifiedin1791.

5.A.Slavery

解析：TheCivilWarintheUnitedStates(1861-1865)wasprimarilyfoughtovertheissueofslavery.Theconflictarosefromlong-standingdisagreementsbetweentheNorthernandSouthernstatesovertheexpansionofslaveryintonewterritoriesandtheinstitution'smoralandeconomicimplications.

6.B.AbrahamLincoln

解析：AbrahamLincoln,the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,isknownforissuingtheEmancipationProclamationin1863,whichdeclaredthefreedomofslavesintheConfederatestates.ThisexecutiveorderwasasignificantsteptowardtheabolitionofslaveryintheUnitedStates.

7.A.1929

解析：TheGreatDepressionwasasevereworldwideeconomicdepressionthatbeganin1929,followingthestockmarketcrashknownasBlackTuesday.Itlasteduntilthelate1930sandhadprofoundeffectsoneconomicsystemsaroundtheworld.

8.D.Righttovote

解析：TheU.S.BillofRights,whichconsistsofthefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitution,guaranteesvariouspersonalfreedomsandrights,suchasfreedomofspeech,religion,andthepress(FirstAmendment),therighttobeararms(SecondAmendment),andtherighttoafairtrial(FifthandSixthAmendments).However,therighttovotewasnotexplicitlyincludedintheoriginalBillofRightsandwaslateraddressedbythe15th,19th,and24thAmendments.

9.C.VotingrightsforAfricanAmericans

解析：TheCivilRightsMovementofthe1960swasapivotalsocialandpoliticalmovementintheUnitedStatesaimedatendingracialsegregationanddiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericans.OneofitsmajorachievementswasthepassageoftheCivilRightsActof1964,whichoutlaweddiscriminationbasedonrace,color,religion,sex,ornationalorigin,andtheVotingRightsActof1965,whichaimedtoovercomelegalbarriersatthestateandlocallevelsthatpreventedAfricanAmericansfromexercisingtheirrighttovote.

10.D.Military

解析：TheU.S.governmentisdividedintothreebranches:theLegislative,whichmakeslaws;theExecutive,whichenforceslaws;andtheJudicial,whichinterpretslaws.TheMilitaryisnotoneofthethreebranchesoftheU.S.government,althoughitoperatesunderthecommandofthePresident,whoistheheadoftheExecutivebranch.

11.B.ThomasJefferson

解析：ThomasJefferson,theprincipalauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence,wasakeyfigureintheAmericanRevolutionandthethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates.TheDeclaration,adoptedonJuly4,1776,宣告了美国从英国的独立，anditsideaswereheavilyinfluencedbyJefferson.

12.C.Texas

解析：Texaswasnotoneoftheoriginal50statesoftheUnitedStates.Itwasadmittedasthe28thstateonDecember29,1845.Theoriginal50stateswereestablishedthroughvariousmeans,includingtheoriginal13colonies,theLouisianaPurchase,theannexationofTexas,theMexican-AmericanWar,andtheOregonTreaty.

13.B.Electingthepresident

解析：TheU.S.ElectoralCollegeisabodyofelectorsestablishedbytheU.S.Constitution,whichformallyelectsthepresidentandvicepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Theelectorsareselectedbyeachstatefollowingthegeneralelection,andthecandidatewhoreceivesamajorityofelectoralvoteswinsthepresidency.

14.C.London

解析：LondonisthecapitalcityoftheUnitedKingdom,nottheUnitedStates.ThemajorcitiesintheUnitedStatesincludeNewYorkCity,LosAngeles,Chicago,Houston,Phoenix,Philadelphia,SanAntonio,SanDiego,Dallas,andSanJose.

15.A.GreatBritain

解析：TheWarof1812,oftenreferredtoastheSecondWarofAmericanIndependence,wasfoughtbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.Theconflictarosefromissuessuchastraderestrictions,impressmentofAmericansailorsbytheBritishNavy,andBritishsupportforNativeAmericantribesopposingAmericanexpansion.

16.C.LakeVictoria

解析：LakeVictoriaisnotoneofthefiveGreatLakesintheUnitedStates.TheGreatLakesareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario.LakeVictoriaisthelargestlakeinAfricaandislocatedontheborderofUgandaandTanzania.

17.B.France

解析：TheLouisianaPurchaseof1803wasasignificantlanddealinwhichtheUnitedStatespurchasedapproximately828,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.ThistransactionnearlydoubledthesizeoftheUnitedStatesandsecuredcontroloftheMississippiRiverandtheportofNewOrleans.

18.C.StateCourts

解析：TheU.S.federalcourtsystemconsistsoftheSupremeCourt,theU.S.CourtsofAppeals(CircuitCourts),andtheU.S.DistrictCourts.StateCourtsarepartofthestatecourtsystems,whichhandlethemajorityoflegalcasesintheUnitedStates,andarenotpartofthefederalcourtsystem.

19.B.TheBostonTeaParty

解析：TheAmericanRevolutionbeganwithaseriesofeventsthatgrewoutofincreasingconflictbetweentheBritishgovernmentandtheAmericancolonists.TheBostonTeaPartyin1773,inwhichAmericancolonistsdisguisedasNativeAmericansdumpedBritishteaintoBostonHarbortoprotestagainsttaxesontea,isconsideredoneofthekeyeventsthatledtotheRevolution.

20.C.Quebec

解析：Quebecisnotoneoftheoriginal13coloniesthatformedtheUnitedStates.Itisoneofthe10provincesofCanadaandwaspartofNewFrancebeforebeingcededtoBritainintheTreatyofParisin1763.Theoriginal13colonieswereVirginia,MassachusettsBay,Connecticut,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantations,NewHampshire,NewYork,NewJersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Maryland,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,andGeorgia.

二、填空题答案及解析

1.1787

解析：TheU.S.ConstitutionwasdraftedduringtheConstitutionalConvention,whichtookplaceinPhiladelphiafromMaytoSeptember1787.TheconventionwasconvenedtoaddressthelimitationsoftheArticlesofConfederationandtocreateanewframeworkfortheU.S.government.

2.Confederacy

解析：TheCivilWarintheUnitedStateswasfoughtbetweentheUnion,whichrepresentedtheNorthernstatesloyaltotheU.S.government,andtheConfederacy,whichrepresentedtheSouthernstatesthathadsecededfromtheUnion.TheConfederacywasformedinFebruary1861andconsistedof11Southernstates.

3.July4,1776

解析：TheU.S.DeclarationofIndependencewassignedonJuly4,1776,byrepresentativesofthe13colonies.Thisdocumentdeclaredthecolonies'separationfromBritainandestablishedtheUnitedStatesasanewnation.

4.ten

解析：TheU.S.BillofRightsconsistsofthefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitution.Theseamendmentswereratifiedin1791andguaranteevariouspersonalfreedomsandrights,suchasfreedomofspeech,religion,andthepress.

5.1929

解析：TheGreatDepressionbeganin1929withthestockmarketcrashknownasBlackTuesday.Thiseventmarkedthestartofasevereworldwideeconomicdepressionthatlasteduntilthelate1930s.

6.538

解析：TheU.S.ElectoralCollegeiscomposedof538electors,correspondingtothetotalnumberofvotingmembersoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives(435)andSenators(100),plus3electorsfortheDistrictofColumbia.

7.Warof1812

解析：TheWarof1812isalsoknownastheWarof1812ortheSecondWarofAmericanIndependence.ItwasfoughtbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritainfromJune1812toFebruary1815.

8.1803

解析：TheLouisianaPurchasedoubledthesizeoftheUnitedStatesin1803whentheU.S.purchasedapproximately828,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.ThistransactionsignificantlyexpandedtheterritoryoftheUnitedStatesandsecuredcontroloftheMississippiRiver.

9.Ghent

解析：TheAmericanRevolutionendedwiththeTreatyofGhent,whichwassignedonDecember24,1783.ThetreatyformallyendedthewarbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritainandrestoredpre-warborders.

10.nine

解析：TheU.S.SupremeCourthasninejustices,includingtheChiefJusticeandeightassociatejustices.TheCourtisthehighestjudicialbodyintheUnitedStatesandhasthefinalsayontheconstitutionalityoflaws.

11.federal

解析：TheU.S.Constitutionestablishesafederalgovernment,whichdividespowerbetweenthenationalgovernmentandthestategovernments.Thissystemoffederalismisdesignedtobalancetheneedforastrongnationalgovernmentwiththeprotectionofindividuallibertiesandstateautonomy.

12.AbrahamLincoln

解析：TheEmancipationProclamationwasissuedbyPresidentAbrahamLincolnonJanuary1,1863.ThisexecutiveorderdeclaredthefreedomofslavesintheConfederatestatesandwasasignificantsteptowardtheabolitionofslaveryintheUnitedStates.

13.SelmatoMontgomery

解析：TheU.S.CivilRightsMovementofthe1960sisbestknownfortheSelmatoMontgomeryMarch,whichtookplaceinMarch1965.Thismarchwasapivotaleventinthemovement,drawingnationalattentiontothecauseandcontributingtothepassageoftheVotingRightsActof1965.

14.Washington,D.C.

解析：TheU.S.CapitalislocatedinWashington,D.C.,whichwaschosenasthecapitalbytheConstitution.ThecitywasnamedafterGeorgeWashingtonandwasdesignedbyPierreCharlesL'Enfant.

15.UnitedStates

解析：TheU.S.dollaristheofficialcurrencyoftheUnitedStates.Itisoneofthemostwidelyusedcurrenciesintheworldandisoftenusedininternationaltradeandfinance.

16.50,0

解析：TheU.S.isdividedinto50statesand0territories.ThestatesaretheprimaryadministrativedivisionsoftheUnitedStates,andtherearenoterritoriesintheU.S.atthistime.

17.13

解析：TheU.S.Constitutionwasratifiedby13states,theoriginal13coloniesthatdeclaredindependencefromBritainin1776.TheConstitutionwentintoeffectonMarch4,1789,afterbeingratifiedbytherequirednumberofstates.

18.speech,religion

解析：TheU.S.BillofRightsguaranteesfreedomssuchasfreedomofspeechandreligion.TheFirstAmendment,whichispartoftheBillofRights,explicitlyprotectsthesefreedomsfromgovernmentinterference.

19.January6

解析：TheU.S.ElectoralCollegemeetsinJanuary6followingthegeneralelectiontocasttheirvotesforthepresidentandvicepresident.Thisdateissetbyfederallawandmarkstheculminationoftheelectoralprocess.

20.Warof1812

解析：TheWarof1812wasfoughtbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.ItisalsoknownastheWarof1812ortheSecondWarofAmericanIndependence,reflectingtheU.S.perspectiveontheconflictasasecondwarforindependencefromBritishrule.

三、多选题答案及解析

1.A.Taxationwithoutrepresentation,B.TheStampAct,C.TheBostonMassacre,D.TheFrenchandIndianWar

解析：ThemaincausesoftheAmericanRevolutionincludetaxationwithoutrepresentation,theStampAct,theBostonMassacre,andtheFrenchandIndianWar.TheseeventsandissuesledtogrowingresentmentamongtheAmericancolonistsagainstBritishruleandcontributedtotheoutbreakoftheRevolution.

2.A.TheMontgomeryBusBoycott,B.TheSelmatoMontgomeryMarch,C.TheMarchonWashington,D.TheCivilRightsActof1964

解析：ThemajoreventsoftheCivilRightsMovementincludetheMontgomeryBusBoycott,theSelmatoMontgomeryMarch,theMarchonWashington,andthepassageoftheCivilRightsActof1964.Theseeventswerepivotalinthemovement'seffortstoendracialsegregationanddiscriminationandachievevotingrightsforAfricanAmericans.

3.A.SupremeCourt,B.DistrictCourts,D.CircuitCourts

解析：ThecomponentsoftheU.S.federalcourtsystemincludetheSupremeCourt,theU.S.CourtsofAppeals(CircuitCourts),andtheU.S.DistrictCourts.Thefederalcourtsystemisdesignedtointerpretandapplythel