2025北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解D篇

2025北京高三一模英语汇编

阅读理解D篇

一、阅读理解

（2025北京通州高三一模）Timeisn'tnearlyasunchangeableasitfirstseems.Askanyscientistsandthey'll

likelyentertainyouwithincredibledescriptionsofagravity'seffectonspace-time（i.c.themoremassiveanobject

is,theslowerlimeappearslotravelaroundit）.Somescientistsevenwonderifentirezonesoftheuniverseexperience

timeatdifferentrates.However,theperceptionofthespeedatwhichtimepassescanalsovarywithinourminds.

SteveTaylor,apsychologistatLeedsBeckettUniversity,isexploringthisfieldinanewbookcalledTimeExpansion

Experiences.

Taylor'sinterestinthesealteredtemporal（时间的）moments—whichhecalls“timeexpansionexperiences,

orTEEs—beganwhenheandhiswifewereinvolvedinacarcrashbackin2014.^Everythingwentintoslow

molion”,Taylordescribes.t4Ifeltas二houghIhadalotoftimetoobservethewholesceneandtotrytoregaincontrol

ofthecar.IwassurprisedbyhowmuchdetailIcouldpcrceive.^^

Inthefollowingdecade,Taylorbeganinvestigatinghowandwhythesemomentsofultra-slownessappear.He

analyzed96instancesasTEEsandfoundthatroughlyhalfofthemoccurredduringaccidents,whileotherstookplace

duringsportingeventsorinmeditation（冥想）。

Inanewarticle,Taylorexplainedhowsomeoftheleadingtheoriesbehindthesetimealteringstatesdon't

quitegrasptheentirerangeoftheexperiences.Onetheorybelievesthesemomentsare（heresultofthereleaseof

noradrenaline—basicallythebody'semergencyresponse—butthisdoesn'texplainthementaltimeexpansionof

peopleduringmomentsofintensemeditationorconcentration.

“AnothertheoryisthatTEEsaren'trealexperiences,butillusions（幻觉）ofmemory.Inemergencysituations,

ourawarenessbecomessharp,sothatwetakeinmoreperceptionsthannormal,MTaylorwrote.44Theseperceptions

becomeencodedinourmemories,sothatwhenwerecalltheemergencysituation,theextramemoriescreatethe

impress沁nthattimepassedslowly/'

However,Taylor'sfindingsfrompeoplewho'veexperiencedTEEsindicatethattheywereabletoprocess

thoughtsandinformationmuchfasterthanwhatwouldbepossibleundernormalcircumstances.Instead,Taylor

advocatesforanideathattheseeventsshiftthehumanmindintoanalteredstateofconsciousness.Inthesemoments,

westepoutsideournonnalconsciousnessintowhatTaylorcallsadiflerent“lime-world.”"Thesuddenshockofan

accidentmaydisniptournormalpsychologicalprocesses,causingasuddenshiftinconsciousness”,Taylorwrote.

I.Whydoestheauthormentionacaraccident?

A.Tostresstheimportanceoftimeperception.

B.TointroduceSteveTaylor'sresearchmethod.

C.Todescribeatypicaltimeexpansionexperience.

D.ToexplainthecauseofTaylor'sinterestinTEEs.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromtheleadingtheoriesbehindthetimealteringstates?

A.TEEsareimaginationsbasedonincorrectmemories.

B.Noradrenalinereleasedoesn'texplainaccidentTEEs.

C.Peopletendtnperceivethingsbetterinemergencysituations.

D.TEEsrelatestotheflowoftimebetweengravityandspace-time.

3.Accordingto1'aylor,whichofthefollowingsismostlikelytobeatimeexpansionexperience?

A.Ahikerrecallsamountainfallwithdetailsyearslater.

B.Astudentfeelstimeflieswhileplayinggamesfbrhours.

C.Afirefightersharplysensesfirespreadingduringarescue.

D.Apersonisattendingameeting,discussingeverydaytasks.

（2025北京海淀高三一模）Ifyoufindyourselfwithseveralmilliondollarsmorethanyouneed,howshould

youspend（hemoney?Oneanswermightbetodowhateveryouwant,within（heboundsofthelaw.Anotheristo

donateittoacharity.Youmayalsosupportanorganizationthatisworkingtoreduceexistentialrisks.

Thehistoryofphilosophyconsistsofattemptstoshedlightonsuchquestions.However,philosophy'sopen

secretisthattheseattemptsdon'tacduptoanythingdecisive.Whenitcomestowhatweoughttodoinanygiven

situation,diflerentethicalsystemsefterdiflerentguidance.Conflictisbakedintoquestionslike,uWhatoughtIto

do,r,

Orisit?Anawarenessofdifferenceiscertainlycrucialtosuchaninquiry.Butthisneedn'tbecomeaconflict

untilyou'reforcedtopickaside.Sonicphilosophershavesoughttoeliminatetheconflictbetweenethicalsystems.

DerekParfit,oneofthemostrespectedphilosophersofthepastfiftyyears,devotedthesecondhalfofhislifeto

preciselythistask.

Unfortunately,thepositionthatdifferentethicalpositionscanbereconciled（和解）isitselfapositionothers

maynotaccept.Parfitbelievedpeoplecouldhaveagoodreasontoactmorally,indcpcndcntoftheirknowledgeor

beliefs.Ifyoufindyourselfinapositiontoalleviate（减轻）others'sufferingwithoutsignificantlyinconveniencing

yourself,thenyoushouldact.Itisjustamoralfactthatthereisarightthingthatyououghttodo.Bycontrast,Bernard

Williamsargueditmadenosensetotalkaboutpeople'sreasonsindependentlyfromtheirmotivations.Someone

cannothaveareasontodosomethingthattheyhavenodesiretodo-bccausehoweverwrong-headedtheirpreferences

maybe,subjectivityisthegroundtruthfbr“havingareason^^.

AsinPeterSinger'sparable（寓言）ofachilddrowninginashallowpond,itself-evidentlyseemsimmoralnot

tosavethischildiftheonlycostforyouisapairofnewtrainers.Thisisasclearasaphilosophicalargumentcanget.

However,aswithallmoralreasoning,youarefreetorejectthelogicorassumptionsbehindSinger'sargument,

regardlessofitsclarity.

Parfitwasaphilosopher'sphilosopher.Yethesufferedfromthefactthatirreconcilableethicalsystemsexist.

Why?Becauseoneconclusionthatfollowsfrom（hisisthat,ifthedifferencesbetweensuchsystemscannotbe

resolvedbyphilosophicalmeans,conflictofaliteralkindwillalwaysexistbeneathiheirdifferences.

AsKarlPopperputsit,44Ifweextendunlimitedtoleranceeventothosewhoareintolerant,ihen（hetolerant

willbedestroyed,andtolerancewiththem."Thisistherub.Philosophyisoftheworldaswellasofthepagc-and

eventhegentlestwordsmay,soonerorlater,needanannytodefendthem."Weshouldthereforeclaim,“Popper

continued,l4inthenameofthetolerance,therightnottotoleratetheintolerant.”

FmnotsuiprisedthatParfitfeltdespairatthelimitsofhispersuasiveness.What'samazingisthatmore

philosophersdon'tfeelthesameway.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

A.Phiosophycanhelpresolveethicalconflicts.

B.Ethicalinquiriesaidinseningthepublicgood.

C.Conflictingviewsexistbetweenethicalsystems.

D.Acceptingconflictsisthebasisofphilosophicalinquiry.

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Philosophersstresslogicoversubjectivity.

B.Williamnsholdsmoralreasoningforcesacceptance.

C.Parfitbelievesmoralactsrequirepersonalsacrifice.

D.Reconcilingethicalsystemshasreal-worldimplications.

6.AccordingtoKarlPopper,wecanlearnthat」

A.intoleranceoriginatesinabsolutetolerance

B.unlimitedtoleranceinvitesself-destruction

C.toleranceisforpeoplewhosharethesamevalues

D.philosophicalidealssometimesrequiremilitarydefense

7.HowdoestheauthorfeeltowardsParfit'spursuit?

A.Sympathetic.B.Hopeless.

C.Skeptical.D.Astonished.

（2025北京西城高三一模）Genetic（基因的）variationiswhatallowsaspeciestoadaptasclimatechanges,

newdiseasesarise,andnovelenemiescomeonthescene.Aslightlydifferentgeneticmakeupcanensureatleast

someindividualswillstilldoOKinlimesofcrisis.Butjustasthenumberofspeciesisdecliningworldwide,so,too,

isthegeneticdiversitywithinmanyspecies.

Until2022,governmentsfocusedprimarilyonpreventingspeciesfromdisappearing.Thatyear,however,

whenupdatingtheUnitedNations'sConventiononBiologicalDiversitytreaty（条约），participatingcountriesagreed

tostarttolookatgeneticdiversityaswell.

Thefirststeptowardslowingthetrendisunderstandingit.ConsenationbiologistCatherineGrueberfromthe

UniversityofSydneyandmanycolleaguesgathered882paperswrittenbetween1985and2019that（rackeddiversity

changeswithin628individualspeciesbyanalyzingtheirDNAatatleasttwotimepoints.Theteamusedcomplex

statisticalanalysestomakethedatacomparable,enablingthemtoidentifytrendsandcorrelatelossofgenetic

diversitywithfloods,habitatdestruction,orotherdisturbances.Theyalsotrackedwhathappenedinthefaceof

variousconservationmeasures,suchaslegallyprotectingaspeciesorsettingasideandprotectinghabitat.

Two-thirdsofthepopulationsanalyzedexhibitedadeclineindiversity,Grueberandhercolleaguesreport.

Thatincludedspeciesalreadyknowntobeatrisk,butitalsoincludedmorecommonspecies.Theimplicationisthat

thosespeciesmaybelessabletobouncebackthanexpectedduringenvironmentalchange,saysAliciaMastcrtta-

Yanes,aconservationgeneticist.

Someconservationefforts,suchasecologicalrestorationorreducingpests（害虫），didn'thelpmuch,the

analysisfound.Butcertainactionsdidseemtohelp,suchaseffortstoexpandandprotecthabitat,introducenew

individualstodecliningpopulations,orconnecttwoisolatedpopulations.

“kwasprettyimpressivethattheywereabletotrackwhathumandisturbancesandconservationactionshad

donc,^^saysMoisesAlonso,anevolutionarygeneticistwhoauthoredapreprintlastyearindicatingthatprotecting

existinghabitatwon'tbeenoughtopreventgeneticdiversitylosseslormanyspecies.tlWeneededsomethinglike

this,“hesays.

Conservationscientistsemphasizetheimportanceofcontinuingtomonitorpopulations.ButDNAmethods

aren'talwayspractical,somenote,"Itisrelativelyhardandexpensivetomeasuregeneticdiversitydirectly?*

Mauertla-Yanessays.

Togetaroundthat,Mastertta-YanesandotherspublishedapaperinEcologyLetterslastyearthatusedproxy

（代替物）measures,suchaspopulationsize,toevaluategeneticdiversityin919species.Themethod,whichonly

requiredabout3hoursofworkperspecies,indicatedthat58%ofthespecieshavepopulationsthataretoosmallto

maintaintheirgeneticdiversity.Thefactthatthesedifferentapproachesfounddecliningdiversity“makosbothresults

moreconvincing/*Mastcrtta-Yancssays."Finally,geneticdiversityisgettingtheattentionitdeserves.”

8.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.ChallengesofcollectingDNAdatafordiversityresearch.

B.Findingsongeneticdiversitychangesoverthepast30years.

C.Researchmethodsappliedtotrackgeneticdiversitychanges.

D.Impactsofhumandisturbancesondiversityofdifferentspecies.

9.WhatcanbelearnedfromGrueber'sstudy?

A.Habitatextensionandpopulationmanagementpreservediversity.

B.Thediversityofcommonspeciestendstodeclinemoreseverely.

C.At-riskspeciesbetterresisttheimpactofenvironmentalchanges.

D.Ecosystemrecoveryandpestcontroldrivepopulationrise.

10.Mastertta-YanesholdsthatDNAmethods.

A.willsoonbereplacedbyproxymeasures

B.lackpracticalitydueto（heircostsandcomplexity

C.maygetin（hewayofmonitoringspeciespopulations

D.requirealargepopulationsizetoachievehighaccuracy

11.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toidentifymoreeffectivemethodsappliedingeneresearch.

B.ToadvocateforusingDNAmethodsexclusivelyinconservationefforts.

C.Towarnpeopleofthethreatposedbyenvironmentalchangesonspecies.

D.Todrawpeople'sattentiontoeffectivemeasuresagainstlossofdiversity.

（2025北京东城高三一模）Yearsaftermyarthistoryclass,Iaminsufferableatmuseums."That'sdefinitely

aMatisse,1say.uYoucantellbecauseofthebmshworkandtheuseofcolour.^^SometimesitisnotaMatissebut

oftentimesitis.

Itisunsettlingtolearn,then,thatforallofmycarefullywonartappreciation,Iamindangerofbeingsurpassed

byaninsect.Inarecentstudy,honeybees—whosebrainsarethesizeofgrassseeds—wereshownPicassosand

Monetspairedsidebyside.Belowiheprintsweretwosmallcontainers,onecontainingsugarwaterandtheother

nothingatall.

Whichtoenter?Beescouldn'tseeorsmellwhetheragivencontainerheldthetreatuntilthey^alreadyflown

insideit.Buttheycouldletthemasterpiecesguidethem:forsomebees,therewardwasalwaysunderthePicasso,

whilefor(herestitwasundertheMonet.Overthecourseofmanytrials,thebeeslearnedtoflystraightforthecorrect

container.Indeed,theyevenperformedslightlybetterthanchancewhenfacedwithpairsofpaintingsthey'dnever

seenbefore.Thebeeshadlearnedtodiscriminate,howevermodestly,betweenthetwoartists'styles.

Tobesure,humansstillhavetheedge.LastyearateamofresearchersledbyLianeGaborafoundthatart

studentswereperfectlycapableofidentifyingwhichwell-knownartistwasbehindwhichunknownpainting.Creative

\vri:ingstudentsweresimilarlyexcellentatspottingiittlc-rcadpassagesbyHemingwayorDickens—askillIcan

onlyassumenohoneybeehasyetdemonstrated.

Evenmoreimpressively,though,thestudentscouldrecognizeas-yct-unsccnsamplesofeachother,swork,

includingworkinentirelydifferentmediums.Creativewriterscouldidentifytheirfellowwriters*paintingsand

sketches;paintershadaprettygoodideawho'dbroughtwhichpoemorclaypot.

It'sclearwhatthebeesweredoing:pickingupandcategorizingcomplexvisualpatternsinthepairsofimages.

Butrecognizingdifterencesacrossmediumsisaltogetherdifterent.Whetherwe'rewritingpoemsorbuilding

sculptures.Gaboraargues,we'redoingsowiththesamemind:onethatstructuresinformationinthesameway.has

beenshapedby(hesameexperiences,andlongstoexpressthesameideas.Naturally,ourtechniquesand

preoccupationsinonedomainshouldt4out,'usinanother.

ButstillIwonder:Justwhataboutthesetechniquesandpreoccupationsdidthetrick?Theresearchersdidtheir

besttokeepsubjectmatterfromrulingthedaybyinstructing,forinstance,artistswhohappenedtobesurfersnotto

bringinartthatdepicted(描绘)surfing.Butwhatoflessobvioussubjectmatter—likeWesternlandscapes?And

whatoftheobsessionsthatcomeintoourworkunawares?Acorrelationalstudylikethisonewillnotanswerthese

questions.

Perhapsmybiggestquestionhastodowithpeoplewhodon'tidentifyasartists,andhaven'tsettled—orat

leastwouldclaimso-onapersonalstyle.Aretheircreationsalsoareflectionoftheirworldview?Itseemslikelythat,

atleasttosomeextent,badartisallalike,whileonlygoodartisgoodinitsownway.

12.Whydoestheauthormentionbees?

A.Topresentanexample.B.Toputforwardatheory.

C.Todrawoutacomparison.D.Tohighlightaresearchfinding.

13.Whydoestheauthorthinkhumansstillhavetheedge?

A.Becausewecantransferourexperiences.

B.Becausewccandiscriminatestyles.

C.Becausewecancategorizepatterns.

D.Becausewecanlearnfromtrials.

14.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"out"inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Assist.B.Trick.C.Beat.D.Expose.

15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WillBeesBeatHumans?

B.HowWillYouViewaView?

C.WhyGoodArtWorksWonders?

D.WhatMakesHemingwayHemingway?

(2025j匕京房山高三——模)Earthisabrightspotofvalueintheuniverse,partlybecauseitcontainshuman

beingswho,drivenbycuriosityandanon-instrumcntaldesiretoaddresshardquestions,engageinphilosophy.

Philosophicalinquirymakes(heentireplanetbetter(hanitwouldotherwisebe.

Issciencebetterandmoresignificantthanphilosophy,morecentraltothespccialnessofEarth?Ofcourse,

sciencecanextendouilifespansandempoweiuslotiansfuuntheeiiviiuiuneiit.Butthelongevityandpoweiofone

speciesaren'twhatmakeEarthspecial.Considerinstead,thegreatestachievementsofscience:theCopernican/

Galilean/Newtonianrevolution,Darwin'stheoryofnaturalselection,Einstein'stheoryofrelativity,quantum

mechanics,breakthroughsingeneticsandbrainscience.Thesetransformedourunderstandingoftheuniverseand

ourplacewithinit.Thedistinctivevalueofhumanscienceliesinitsphilosophicalstrength—itspowertoguideus

towardthebroadestandmostfoundationalquestionsaboutourselvesandtheuniverse.Artisthesame:atitsbest,it

goesbeyonddecorationandamusement,confrontinguswiththepuzzlesofhumanexistence.Intheirmostambitious

forms,theartsandsciencesmergeintophilosophy,expressingourphilosophicalurges.

Ametaphor:asthecircleoflightexpands,sotoodoestheringofdarknessaroundit.Philosophylivesinthat

ringofdarkness.Withinthecircleoflightlieswhatisstraightforwardlyknowablethroughcommonsense,

mainstreamscienceorotherestablishedmethods.Inthepenumbra(半影)aremattersofguessesorideas.There'sno

sharplinebetweenlightanddark,andnosharpbeginningorendtothepenumbra.

Asthelightgrows,thepenumbralringexpandstomatch.Therewillalwaysbedarknessbeyond,and

philosophicalquestioningwillchaseit.Wcwillnevercompletetheprcjectofunderstandingthefundamentalstructure

ofIheworld.Generationsofphilosopherswilldiewithoutgettingsatisfactoryanswerstotheirmostsearching

questions.

Billionsofyearsago,starsexploded,formingplanets,andlifeemerged.Somebeingsdevelopedtheabilityto

wonderabouttheirplaceintheuniverse,theirvalues,andtheircapacityforreflection.Whenwephilosophize,we

becomeameansbywhichtheuniverse,afterbillionsofyears,momentarilythinksaboutitselfindoubtand

amazement.Nothingismorenaturallyvaluableorworthyofrespectandwonder.

16.WhatdocstheauthorintendtodobymentioningthebrightnessofEarth?

A.Makeanassumption.B.Presentanargument.C.Giveasuggestion.D,Raisea

question.

17.Whatdocsthephrase“mergeinto”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?

A.Changeto.B.Replacewith.C.Standfor.D.Combinein(o.

18.Whatcanbeinferredaboutphilosophyfromthemetaphorofpenumbra?

A.Itwilldeclineasknowledgeadvances.B.Itwillcontinueduetoexpandingunknowns.

C.1(aimstodistinguishbetweenlightanddark.D.Itremainsseparatefromestablishedmethods.

19.Theauthorbelievesthat.

A.thepursuitofendlessquestionsissignificant

B.humanbeingsareahighlyemotionalspecies

C.scienceistheprimarysourceotphilosophicalideas

D.thephysicalcharacteristicsofEarthmakeitexceptional

（2025北京石景山高三一模）Themoonstandsalone.Uniqueintheuniverse,i（isalifelessandsunbaked

wastelandthatharbourslittleexceptwhatwebringtoit.Butthatisabouttochange.

HalfacenturyaftertheApolloprogramme,aprivatespacecraftNova-Cmadethefirsttouchdownonthemoon

successfully,bearingscientificinstruments,microfiche（微缩胶片）storydisks,cameras,andsculpturestostayon

themoonfbrever.Itssuccesswouldpromisemanymore.Thoughitmayseemlikeanexcitingoutlookforhumanity's

spaceexplorationambitions,italsosignalsafutuiewherethemoonbecomesahotbedofunguveniedbusiness

operationsthatwillirreversibly（不可逆地）transformit.

For（hefirsttime,privatecapitalhasreachedthemoon,expandingbeyondscientificgoals.Thisallowsprivate

landers,evenwhencarryinggovernmentscienceexperiments,toincludeadditionalnon-scicntificpayloads（有酬负

载）forothercustomers.Itemsboundtoraisevariousobjections,suchashumancremains（骨灰）anddehydrated

waterbearsfrompastmissions,havecausedconcernsaboutbiologicalmaterialsonthemoon.There5realotmore

plannedforfuturelaunches,likelysparkingfurtherdebate.

Beforethisdecadeisout,withapowerfulenoughtelescope,youmaybeableloseeevidenceofhuman

constructionorevenhabitationonthemoon.In2023,theglobalspaceindustrywasvaluedat$469billion,expected

toexceed$1trillionby2030,drivenbygrowingsatelliteuseinmanufacturing,power,anddata.uWearenowata

tiDpingpoint,whereideaspreviouslylimitedtosciencefictionrepresentattractiveinvestmentprojects/'areportread.

Avoluntaryagreementhasbeenusedsince2020tofosterlunarcooperation.Itpromotesinternational

standards,emergencyassistanceanddatasharing.However,italsoallowsfbrexploiting（开采）lunarresourceslike

dust,water,rareearthelementsandothermaterials.

ExploringthemoonhasvaluefbrscienceandpotentialbenefitsforEarth,buthumansoftenturnexploration

intoexploitation,andthemoonmayfacethesamefate.Themoonwon'lbealoneforlong.Butitisandwillforever

bequiet.Itplayshosttonothunderstorms,nocrashingwaves,nobirdsongsandnoanthems（国歌）.Wemustbeits

voice.Wewillsoonchangeitssurface,andourrelationshiptoit,forever.Attheveryleast,weowethemoona

considereddiscussionofwhyandhowwewilldoso.

20.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutthemoon'sfuture?

A.Unregulatedcommercialactivities.B.Illegalhumanconstruction.

C.Limitedpayloadcarriedtothemoon.D.Alackofscientificmissions.

21.The“tippingpoint^^inParagraph4indicatesthechange

A.fromcooperationtocompetitionB.fromsciencetotrade

C.fromlunarlandingtosettlementD.fromfantasytoadventure

22.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

A.Lunarresourceexplorationholdsgreatpromise.

B.Massiveinvestmentisbeneficialtolunardevelopment.

C.Non-scientificactivitiescantestlunarenvironmentallimits.

D.Theexistingagreementisinsufficientincontrollingover-exploitation.

23.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.ThePromisingMoon:PlaygroundforAll

B.TheMoon'sEdge:AmbitionMeetsReality

C.TheMoon'sFuture:UncovertheUnknown

D.TheSilentMoon:Humanity'sResponsibility

（2025北京顺义高三——模）Imagineyou,redrivingdownthehighwayandnoticethatyouarerunninglow

onfuel.YourGPSshows10gasstationsaheadonyourroute.Naturally,youwantthecheapestoption.Doyou

continueexploringandriskregretfbrrejectingthebirdinhand?Youwon'tdoubleback,soyoufaceanow-or-never

choice.Whatstrategymaximizesyourchancesofpickingthecheapeststation?Researchershavestudiedthis“best-

choiccproblem”,whichsuggeststhathumanstendtofallshortoftheoptimal（最优的）strategy.

Amazingly,theoptimalstrategyresultsinthenumber-onepickbeingselectedalmost37percentofthetime,

anditssuccessratedoesn'tdependonthenumberofcandidates.Evenwithabillionoptionsandarefusaltosettle

fbrsecondbest,youcouldfindyourneedleinahaystack（干草垛）more（hanathirdofthetime.Thewinningstrategy

issimple:Rejectthefirstaround37percentofthechoicesnomatterwhat.Thenpickthefirstoptionthatisbetter

thanalltheothersyou'veencounteredsoHir.（Ifyouneverfindsuchanoption,takethefinalone.）

Addingtothefun,mathematicians'favoritelittleconstant,e=2.7182...,rearsitsheadinthesolution.Also

knownasEuler'snumber,eholdsfameforcroppingupallacrossthemathematicallandscapeinseeminglyunrelated

settings—includinginthebest-choiceproblem.Infact,thosereferencesto37percentintheoptimalstrategyand

conespondingprobabilityofsuccessareactuallyHe,orabout0.368.Themagicnumbercomesfromthetension

betweenwantingtoseeenoughsamplestofeelinformationofoptionsandnotwantingtowaittoolongincasethe

bestpassyouby.TheproofarguesthatIfebalancestheseforces.

Theproblemgeneratesthousandsofhitsontheinternetasmathematicianscontinuetostudyitsmanyvariants:

Wliatifyou'reallowedtopickmorethanoneoption,andyouwinifanyofyourchoicesarethebest?Whatifan

opponentchosetheorderingoftheoptionstotrickyou?Whatifyoudon'trequiretheabsolutebestchoiceandwould

feelsatisfiedwithsecondorthird?Researchersstudysuchwhen-to-s:opscenarios（设想）inabranchofmathcalled

optimalstoppingtheory.

Researchfindsthatpeopletendtostoptheirsearchtooearly.Soapplyingthe37percentrulecouldimprove

yourdecision-making,butbesuretodoublc-chcckthatyoursituationmeetsalltheconditions:aknownnumberof

rankableoplionsisbeingpresentedoneatatimeinanyorder,youwantthebest,andyoucan'tdoubleback.

24.WhydoestheauthormentiontheconstanteinParagraph3?

A.Justifyacomparison.B.EvaluateasUlement.

C.Provideatheoreticalbasis.D.Proposeanewsolution.

25.Whichsituationmostagreeswiththestrategymentionedinthepassage?

A.Evaluateeverycandidate.B.Skipsomelunchspecials.

C.Buythelatestreferencebook.D.Jointheshortestcheckoutline.

26.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhyPeopleOftenFailinMakingtheBestDecisions.

B.TheBestDecisionDependsonYourMathAbility.

C.HowtoConnectOptimalStrategywiththeMagice.

D.ElegantMathProblemFindstheBestChoices.

（2025北京门头沟高三一模）Formillennia,wehaveexpecteddogstoguardourpropertyandprotectour

familyatnight.Nowtheyarealsoaskedtobefriendlyaroundstrangers,restquietlythroughthenightandkeeptheir

feetoffsofas."It'sanevolutionarymismatch",saysHare,ananthropologistatDukeUniversity.Thegoodnewsis

thatthisproblemissolvable.Recentstudiesindicatethatselectivebreeding（繁殖）andcarefultrainingcanhelpdogs

adapttoindoorlife.

A“puppykindeigailen”itscaichwasseiupbyHaie'steamtoillustiatethelieiitabilityofbehaviuuialtiaitsin

dogsbyobservingwhatser