环境工程专业英语核心词汇表（中英对照）

环境工程专业英语核心词汇表（中英对照）一、基础概念与学科分类(BasicConcepts)EnvironmentalEngineering-环境工程EnvironmentalScience-环境科学Ecology-生态学Ecosystem-生态系统Biodiversity-生物多样性Pollution-污染Contamination-污染物沾染SustainableDevelopment-可持续发展CircularEconomy-循环经济EnvironmentalProtection-环境保护GreenhouseEffect-温室效应GlobalWarming-全球变暖ClimateChange-气候变化EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)-环境影响评价Emission-排放物；排放Effluent-废水；流出物Load-负荷（污染物负荷）Mitigation-缓解；减排Remediation-修复；治理Monitoring-监测；监控EnvironmentalManagement-环境管理PollutionPrevention-污染预防EcologicalBalance-生态平衡EnvironmentalSustainability-环境可持续性CarbonNeutrality-碳中和CarbonPeak-碳达峰EnvironmentalEthics-环境伦理EnvironmentalPolicy-环境政策EnvironmentalPlanning-环境规划EnvironmentalEducation-环境教育二、水质工程与水处理(Water&WastewaterTreatment)1.水质指标与参数WaterQuality-水质pHValue-pH值Turbidity-浊度SuspendedSolids(SS)-悬浮物DissolvedOxygen(DO)-溶解氧BiologicalOxygenDemand(BOD)-生化需氧量ChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)-化学需氧量TotalOrganicCarbon(TOC)-总有机碳Nitrogen-氮AmmoniaNitrogen-氨氮Phosphorus-磷TotalNitrogen(TN)-总氮TotalPhosphorus(TP)-总磷ColiformBacteria-大肠菌群Pathogens-病原体Hardness-硬度Salinity-盐度Contaminant-污染物Pollutant-污染物质Concentration-浓度DissolvedSolids(DS)-溶解固体TotalDissolvedSolids(TDS)-总溶解固体Alkalinity-碱度Acidity-酸度Chloride-氯化物Sulfate-硫酸盐HeavyMetal-重金属Cyanide-氰化物Phenol-酚OilandGrease-油类Pesticide-农药Herbicide-除草剂ResidualChlorine-余氯MicrobiologicalContamination-微生物污染Toxicity-毒性2.水处理工艺与设备WaterSupply-供水WastewaterTreatment-废水处理Sewage-污水；下水道PotableWater-饮用水RawWater-原水Pretreatment-预处理Coagulation-混凝Flocculation-絮凝Sedimentation-沉淀Filtration-过滤Disinfection-消毒Chlorination-氯化消毒Ultraviolet(UV)Disinfection-紫外线消毒Aeration-曝气；通风ActivatedSludgeProcess-活性污泥法Bioreactor-生物反应器MembraneBioreactor(MBR)-膜生物反应器SewageTreatmentPlant(STP)-污水处理厂WaterReclamation-水回用Desalination-脱盐；海水淡化ReverseOsmosis(RO)-反渗透Ultrafiltration(UF)-超滤Nanofiltration(NF)-纳滤SedimentationTank-沉淀池FilterPress-压滤机Sludge-污泥SludgeDewatering-污泥脱水AnaerobicDigestion-厌氧消化AerobicDigestion-好氧消化SepticTank-化粪池Coagulant-混凝剂Flocculant-絮凝剂ActivatedCarbon-活性炭IonExchangeResin-离子交换树脂Disinfectant-消毒剂ChlorineDioxide-二氧化氯Ozonation-臭氧消毒Electrodialysis-电渗析Microfiltration(MF)-微滤WaterSoftening-水软化Clarifier-澄清池SandFilter-砂滤池CartridgeFilter-滤芯过滤器DosingPump-计量泵Mixer-混合器Aerator-曝气器SludgeThickening-污泥浓缩SludgeDisposal-污泥处置Biofilter-生物滤池TricklingFilter-滴滤池RotatingBiologicalContactor(RBC)-生物转盘SequencingBatchReactor(SBR)-序批式反应器AnaerobicBaffledReactor(ABR)-厌氧折流板反应器UpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanket(UASB)-上流式厌氧污泥床反应器WaterDistributionSystem-配水系统三、大气污染控制(AirPollutionControl)AirPollution-大气污染AmbientAir-环境空气FlueGas-烟气EmissionStandard-排放标准ParticulateMatter(PM)-颗粒物PM10-可吸入颗粒物（粒径≤10μm）PM2.5-细颗粒物（粒径≤2.5μm）SulfurDioxide(SO₂)-二氧化硫NitrogenOxides(NOₓ)-氮氧化物CarbonMonoxide(CO)-一氧化碳CarbonDioxide(CO₂)-二氧化碳VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs)-挥发性有机物HazardousAirPollutants(HAPs)-有害空气污染物AcidRain-酸雨Smog-烟雾Scrubber-洗涤塔；除尘器CatalyticConverter-催化转化器ElectrostaticPrecipitator(ESP)-静电除尘器Baghouse-布袋除尘器Incineration-焚烧Stack-烟囱；排气筒AmbientAirQualityStandard-环境空气质量标准IndustrialEmission-工业排放FugitiveEmission-无组织排放OdorPollution-恶臭污染CarbonCaptureandStorage(CCS)-碳捕集与封存CarbonCaptureUtilizationandStorage(CCUS)-碳捕集利用与封存SelectiveCatalyticReduction(SCR)-选择性催化还原Non-SelectiveCatalyticReduction(NSCR)-非选择性催化还原WetScrubber-湿式洗涤塔DryScrubber-干式洗涤塔CycloneSeparator-旋风分离器GravitySettler-重力沉降室MistEliminator-除雾器FlueGasDesulfurization(FGD)-烟气脱硫FlueGasDenitrification(FGD)-烟气脱硝ParticulateControl-颗粒物控制VOCsAbatement-挥发性有机物治理Incinerator-焚烧炉ThermalOxidizer-热氧化器AdsorptionTower-吸附塔Absorption-吸收Adsorption-吸附CatalyticOxidation-催化氧化OzoneGenerator-臭氧发生器AirQualityIndex(AQI)-空气质量指数RespirableParticulateMatter-可吸入颗粒物FineParticulateMatter-细颗粒物OzoneLayer-臭氧层StratosphericOzoneDepletion-平流层臭氧破坏四、固体废物管理(SolidWasteManagement)SolidWaste-固体废物MunicipalSolidWaste(MSW)-城市生活垃圾IndustrialSolidWaste-工业固体废物HazardousWaste-危险废物BiomedicalWaste-医疗废物WasteReduction-减量化Reuse-再利用Recycling-回收利用Landfill-垃圾填埋场SanitaryLandfill-卫生填埋Composting-堆肥Incineration-焚烧处理WasteSegregation-垃圾分类MunicipalSolidWasteIncinerator(MSWI)-生活垃圾焚烧厂Leachate-渗滤液WasteManagement-废物管理ResourceRecovery-资源回收BiomedicalWasteTreatment-医疗废物处理ElectronicWaste(E-waste)-电子垃圾ConstructionandDemolitionWaste-建筑废弃物AgriculturalWaste-农业废弃物FoodWaste-餐厨垃圾Waste-to-Energy(WtE)-垃圾焚烧发电LandfillGas-填埋气Methane-甲烷Compost-堆肥产品AnaerobicCo-digestion-厌氧共消化WasteClassification-废物分类HazardousWasteIdentification-危险废物鉴别WasteTransportation-废物运输WasteDisposal-废物处置LandfillLiner-填埋场衬层LeachateTreatment-渗滤液处理FlyAsh-飞灰BottomAsh-底渣SolidWasteReduction-固体废物减量化MaterialRecoveryFacility(MRF)-物料回收设施WasteSorting-废物分选RecyclableMaterial-可回收物Non-RecyclableWaste-不可回收物ToxicWaste-有毒废物CorrosiveWaste-腐蚀性废物FlammableWaste-易燃废物ReactiveWaste-反应性废物WasteMinimization-废物最小化五、土壤与地下水修复(Soil&GroundwaterRemediation)SoilContamination-土壤污染SoilErosion-土壤侵蚀SoilSalinization-土壤盐渍化SoilDesalination-土壤脱盐Groundwater-地下水Aquifer-含水层Percolation-渗滤；渗透In-situRemediation-原位修复Ex-situRemediation-异位修复Bioremediation-生物修复Phytoremediation-植物修复SoilVaporExtraction(SVE)-土壤气提PumpandTreat-抽出处理ContaminatedSite-污染场地SoilWashing-土壤淋洗SoilFlushing-土壤冲洗ThermalDesorption-热脱附ChemicalOxidation-化学氧化ChemicalReduction-化学还原ElectrokineticRemediation-电动力学修复VadoseZone-包气带SaturatedZone-饱和带GroundwaterContamination-地下水污染Plume-污染羽流ContaminantTransport-污染物迁移SoilRemediation-土壤修复GroundwaterRemediation-地下水修复Biostimulation-生物刺激Bioaugmentation-生物强化Rhizoremediation-根际修复Mycoremediation-真菌修复SoilQuality-土壤质量SoilOrganicMatter-土壤有机质HeavyMetalContamination-重金属污染PersistentOrganicPollutants(POPs)-持久性有机污染物SiteInvestigation-场地调查RiskAssessment-风险评估RemediationGoal-修复目标RemediationPlan-修复方案Post-remediationMonitoring-修复后监测六、环境监测与分析(EnvironmentalMonitoring&Analysis)MonitoringStation-监测站Sampling-采样SampleCollection-样品采集SamplePreservation-样品保存LaboratoryAnalysis-实验室分析InstrumentalAnalysis-仪器分析Spectrophotometry-分光光度法Chromatography-色谱法GasChromatography(GC)-气相色谱High-PerformanceLiquidChromatography(HPLC)-高效液相色谱AtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy(AAS)-原子吸收光谱法InductivelyCoupledPlasma(ICP)-电感耦合等离子体pHMeter-pH计TurbidityMeter-浊度计DissolvedOxygenMeter-溶解氧测定仪ContinuousMonitoringSystem(CMS)-连续监测系统Real-TimeMonitoring-实时监测DataAcquisition-数据采集QualityControl(QC)-质量控制QualityAssurance(QA)-质量保证SamplingPoint-采样点SamplingFrequency-采样频率SampleTransportation-样品运输Calibration-校准DetectionLimit-检出限QuantitationLimit-定量限Precision-精密度Accuracy-准确度RecoveryRate-回收率BlankSample-空白样品DuplicateSample-平行样品StandardSolution-标准溶液CalibrationCurve-校准曲线GasChromatography-MassSpectrometry(GC-MS)-气相色谱-质谱联用LiquidChromatography-MassSpectrometry(LC-MS)-液相色谱-质谱联用IonChromatography(IC)-离子色谱AtomicFluorescenceSpectroscopy(AFS)-原子荧光光谱法X-rayFluorescence(XRF)-X射线荧光光谱法FlowInjectionAnalysis(FIA)-流动注射分析Titration-滴定法Gravimetry-重量法Colorimetry-比色法MicrobiologicalAnalysis-微生物分析RemoteSensing-遥感监测GeographicInformationSystem(GIS)-地理信息系统AirQualityMonitoring-空气质量监测WaterQualityMonitoring-水质监测SoilQualityMonitoring-土壤质量监测NoiseMonitoring-噪声监测RadiationMonitoring-辐射监测七、环境法规与标准(EnvironmentalLaws&Standards)EnvironmentalLaw-环境法Regulation-法规；条例Policy-政策Legislation-立法Compliance-合规；遵守Violation-违规；违法Penalty-处罚；罚款EnvironmentalStandard-环境标准DischargePermit-排污许可证PolluterPaysPrinciple(PPP)-污染者付费原则CleanProduction-清洁生产EnvironmentalAudit-环境审核EnvironmentalManagementSystem(EMS)-环境管理体系ISO14001-ISO14001环境管理体系标准EnvironmentalLiability-环境责任EnvironmentalProtectionLaw-环境保护法WaterPollutionControlLaw-水污染防治法AirPollutionControlLaw-大气污染防治法SolidWastePollutionControlLaw-固体废物污染环境防治法SoilPollutionControlLaw-土壤污染防治法EmissionTradingSystem-排污权交易制度EnvironmentalTax-环境税NationalEnvironmentalStandards-国家环境标准LocalEnvironmentalStandards-地方环境标准InternationalEnvironmentalConvention-国际环境公约KyotoProtocol-《京都议定书》ParisAgreement-《巴黎协定》BaselConvention-《巴塞尔公约》StockholmConvention-《斯德哥尔摩公约》MontrealProtocol-《蒙特利尔议定书》EnvironmentalImpactStatement(EIS)-环境影响报告书EnvironmentalPermitting-环境许可EnvironmentalInspection-环境监察EnvironmentalEnforcement-环境执法EnvironmentalLitigation-环境诉讼八、生态修复与自然保护(EcologicalRestoration&Conservation)EcologicalRestoration-生态修复Reforestation-重新造林Afforestation-植树造林WetlandRestoration-湿地修复BiodiversityConservation-生物多样性保护NatureReserve-自然保护区EcologicalFootprint-生态足迹EcosystemServices-生态系统服务Habitat-栖息地EndangeredSpecies-濒危物种Wetland-湿地ForestEcosystem-森林生态系统AquaticEcosystem-水生生态系统TerrestrialEcosystem-陆地生态系统MarineEcosystem-海洋生态系统CoralReef-珊瑚礁Mangrove-红树林ProtectedArea-保护区WildlifeConservation-野生动物保护PlantConservation-植物保护EcologicalCorridor-生态廊道EcologicalRestorationProject-生态修复工程NativeSpecies-本地物种InvasiveSpecies-入侵物种ConservationBiology-保护生物学EcosystemRestoration-生态系统修复SoilConservation-土壤保持WaterConservation-水资源保护MarineProtectedArea(MPA)-海洋保护区BiosphereReserve-生物圈保护区九、环境安全与风险(EnvironmentalSafety&Risk)OccupationalSafety-职业安全OccupationalHealth-职业健康SafetyRegulation-安全法规RiskAssessment-风险评价RiskManagement-风险管理HazardIdentification-危险源识别EmergencyResponse-应急响应EmergencyPlan-应急预案AccidentPrevention-事故预防PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)-个人防护装备SafetyTraining-安全培训SiteSafety-现场安全FireProtection-消防ExplosionProof-防爆EnvironmentalRisk-环境风险ChemicalSafety-化学品安全HazardousMaterials-危险化学品SpillPrevention-泄漏预防SpillResponse-泄漏应急处置EmergencyManagement-应急管理DisasterPrevention-灾害预防EnvironmentalEmergency-环境突发事件SafetyAudit-安全审计RiskCommunication-风险沟通SafetyManual-安全手册FirstAid-急救Toxicology-毒理学Ecotoxicology-生态毒理学RiskMitigation-风险缓解SafetyCulture-安全文化十、绿色建筑与可持续技术(GreenBuilding&SustainableTech)GreenBuilding-绿色建筑SustainableArchitecture-可持续建筑EnergyEfficiency-能源效率EnergyConservation-节能RenewableEnergy-可再生能源SolarEnergy-太阳能WindEnergy-风能BiomassEnergy-生物质能GeothermalEnergy-地热能Hydropower-水力发电GreenMaterial-绿色材料Low-CarbonTechnology-低碳技术CarbonCaptureandStorage(CCS)-碳捕集与封存EnergyRecovery-能量回收PassiveDesign-被动式设计LEED(LeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign)-绿色建筑评估体系GreenRoof-绿色屋顶RainwaterHarvestingSystem-雨水收集系统GreywaterTreatment-中水回用处理Energy-EfficientBuilding-节能建筑SustainableConstruction-可持续建筑施工Eco-FriendlyMaterial-环保材料CarbonFootprint-碳足迹LifeCycleAssessment(LCA)-生命周期评价Net-ZeroEnergyBuilding-净零能耗建筑SmartBuilding-智能建筑BuildingEnergyManagementSystem(BEMS)-建筑能源管理系统SolarPanel-太阳能板WindTurbine-风力发电机BiomassBoiler-生物质锅炉十一、环境化学基础(FundamentalsofEnvironmentalChemistry)Oxidation-氧化Reduction-还原RedoxReaction-氧化还原反应Hydrolysis-水解Photolysis-光解Adsorption-吸附Desorption-解吸Precipitation-沉淀（反应）Dissolution-溶解IonExchange-离子交换Complexation-络合Degradation-降解Biodegradation-生物降解PersistentOrganicPollutants(POPs)-持久性有机污染物Bioaccumulation-生物富集Biomagnification-生物放大EnvironmentalChemistry-环境化学OrganicChemistry-有机化学Inorg